Abstract

Our project seeks to greatly benefit the construction sector, since the main objective of the project is to find a way to replace the gravel, earth and stone bricks by more resistant ones, achieving to reuse, and help the environment by creating a new building material, from recycled plastic materials which seek to help the environment by converting plastic waste into resistant bricks thus achieving to recycle a material that takes too long to decompose, these being a better option when building in both urban and rural areas.

These benefit to reduce the demand for unprocessed materials since to make them recycled materials are needed, generating a lower cost of sale and being a better option at the time of building since it is within reach of the entire population.

Some advantages and disadvantages in the industrial environment:

Although most companies have started to make decisions where they are taking a more automated work environment, here are some advantages and disadvantages that we get from being more technological.

Advantages:

• Reduced production time. We get more refined processes, repetitive and without errors or alterations. This way we achieve an uninterrupted production and available 24 hours a day.

• Optimization of quality levels. Process automation allows greater precision in weights, measures and mixtures. This avoids downtime and interruptions.

• Greater cost savings. Automated processes require fewer personnel, fewer errors and greater energy and/or raw material efficiency.

• Increased process safety. This is especially important for work at high temperatures, with heavy weights or in hazardous environments.

• More flexible production. The product is adaptable to the requirements of each individual company.

• More efficient data flow. All thanks to communication networks. Reaction times and decision making are reduced.

• Increased business competitiveness. Better response to market needs, high quality products and faster and more flexible reaction to changes.

Disadvantages:

• Social inequality. Rapid industrial advances may allow inequalities and social fragmentation to grow.

• Complex personnel. The personnel needed in the new processes are more specialized, and it is not always easy to access these more experienced profiles. In addition, due to their knowledge, they require higher remuneration.

• Higher investment cost. The investment cost is high at the beginning.

• The cost of investment is high in the early stages. For this reason, new specific needs are developed that must be identified and solved as soon as possible.

• Technology obsolescence. The risk is very high and it must be taken into account that at some point the equipment may fail due to wear and tear or mishandling of the machinery.

Taking into account these advantages and disadvantages we have based our project in order to have an improvement in labor taking into account that many companies have not yet innovated, and continue to produce a lot of pollution with this project we want to have an improvement in the planet for new generations and even can enjoy a space free of harmful pollutants to the ecosystem, in addition to ensuring the safety of all workers and especially the operator who is controlling the machinery.

some competences achieved during the work:

• Learning about Sketchup program for the realization of the machine design.

• The use of CADE SIMU program to perform the simulation of circuits.

• Reading comprehension at the time of research.

• Knowledge of the Logo program.

• Knowledge of all the parts of the machine.

• Utility of all the parts of the machine.

• Care of the planet and industry innovating.

• Application of Fluidsim.

Operation of the power and control circuit of an ecological plastic shredding and compacting machine.

This machine will be used to recycle plastic to help preserve the environment. The main function is to shred the recycled plastic, in a mill activated by a three-phase motor, and then the waste will be deposited on a conveyor belt, which will be activated by another three-phase motor.

The function of the conveyor belt is to transfer the plastic waste already shredded to an electric oven which has its own temperature control circuit, as a way to save electrical energy consumption, after all this process the molten plastic is deposited in a stainless steel mold, so that a single acting cylinder activated pneumatically, from the top, compact the melted plastic in the mold, After being compacted, a second single acting cylinder activated pneumatically will push the mold upwards so that a third single acting cylinder, also activated pneumatically, will push the mold towards the conveyor belt which will deposit the mold in a metallic structure that will be in charge of taking the mold downwards and thus finish the cooling process of the plastic brick obtained from this whole process in the open air.

The operation of the electrical control system and power of the machine:

To turn on the machine we will activate the circuit breaker, which is an automatic switch that serves to avoid overloads in a control and power circuit and to avoid damages due to overloads to the operator, turning on the red signal light (-H) to indicate that the circuit is already energized, then we activate the NO push button contact (-S2) to energize the contactor coil (-KM1), turning on the green signal light (-H1) which indicates that the two three-phase motors that drive the crusher mill and the conveyor belt, respectively, are in operation and opening the auxiliary NC contact (-KM1) and turning off the red signal light. In case of emergency to stop the operation of the motors, the NC push button contact (-S1) is actuated.

Oven:

When the shredded plastic arrives, by means of the conveyor belt, to the electric furnace, which melts the plastic, it is activated by means of a push button contact NA -S1 (see electrical circuit of the furnace control) which electrically excites the coil K of the contactor, activating two timers T1 and T2, by means of the closing of the auxiliary contact NA (K), which control to maintain a range of heating time of the electric furnace which allows us to maintain an adequate temperature of plastic melting and at the same time to obtain a saving of electric energy consumption, because if the furnace is kept running continuously at the same temperature, the consumption of electric energy is great.

Once the melting process of the recycled plastic is finished, the electric furnace is manually turned off by means of the NC push button contact (-S2) electrically deactivating the contactor coil (K) and therefore the timers T1 and T2.

Technological Fundamentals

1. The operation of the machine is more autonomous and innovative since the operator does not have to stand still to perform each of the processes.

2. With its advanced circuits, it was achieved that by just typing a code, the machine performs an endless cycle in which the machine will stop until it stops.

3. With the improvements of the machine we seek to remove the bricks in less time, less load, and greater protection for the operator when working.

4. The spare parts will not be very expensive or difficult to find since it will be more economical compared to other machines.

Scientific foundations

1-they seek to help the environment by turning plastic waste into resistant bricks

2- reduce pollution by ecological compactor machine

3-by means of this machine, a better cleaning of the air can be carried out and this will make the population breathe better air

4-It will establish a better future for the world if more of these inventions are made