Abstract

Rigid Suspension

This type of suspension has the wheels joined with a rigid axle forming a single piece. The axle in this suspension is supported from the chassis by springs that become the elastic element and complete the set of shock absorbers with the wheels joined by a rigid axle, any movement that affects one wheel is transmitted to the other in such a way that when one wheel tilts the other also does. This type of suspension is used mainly in industrial vehicles, buses, trucks and off-road vehicles.

It is made up of:

1. Differential mechanism.

2. Leaf springs.

3. Shock absorber.

4. Coil springs.

5. Torsion bar.

6. Stabilizer bar.

7. Ball joints.

8. Scissors, suspension arms or wishbones.

9. Silentblocks

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Rear Rigid Suspension

The rigid axle rear suspension is a guide system that connects the two wheels, and constitutes a rigid scheme on which the axle is implanted. This system is widely used, especially in off-road vehicles and certain commercial vehicles.

With the Multibar rear axle, the wheel and its hub are guided by two superimposed arms, a transverse arm, and a wheel convergence linkage. Each arm has a particular function, the lower arm contains the suspension elements, and is designed in such a way that, with the upper arm, the wheel can count on its angle of inclination varying according to the suspension variants (especially in aid of cornering). The longitudinal arm makes it possible to control longitudinal forces.

Leaf springs

The leaf spring is an elastic assembly made of steel sheets of the same composition as that used for coil springs in other suspension systems, i.e. alloyed with silicon and manganese, the steel sheets are capable of flexing and then recovering their position to stabilize the car.

The length of the leaves is always different with respect to the adjoining ones, from longer to shorter. The blades are held together by a central hole common to all of them, crossed by a screw called cap screw. To maintain the alignment of the blades, in addition to the central cap screw there are several U-flanges that prevent misalignment during the shock absorption process of the suspension system.

Maintenance

-Greasing of the leaf springs.

-The correct functioning of the leaf springs requires periodic cleaning and greasing.

-Recovery of the springs.

Telescopic type shock absorber

The telescopic damper is a device constructed with a chrome-plated shaft and two steel tubes. The outer tube is called the reserve tube. The inner tube is called the compression tube. At one end, the steel shaft has the support that is anchored to the vehicle.

At the other end is mounted a piston, which always moves along the compression tube, which presses or sucks oil that flows through valves installed in the compression tube. The function of the shock absorber is to control the movements of the suspension, springs and/or springs. Vehicle difficult to control in JF curves.

Torsion bar

A torsion bar is a type of spring - torsion spring - used in the suspension of an automobile based on the mechanical torsion of a rod, usually made of steel. For this purpose, one end of the rod is solidly anchored to the vehicle chassis, while the other end is attached to a suspension arm so that, by means of a crank mechanism, there is a leverage ratio such that the full suspension travel matches the desired torsion of the rod.

Camber angle

What is camber?

It is the angle that a vehicle wheel has with respect to the vertical, i.e. the outward or inward deflection that the tires take when viewed from the front or the rear of the car.

Types of camber

Depending on whether the angle of inclination with respect to the vertical of the wheels is outward or inward, two types of camber can be distinguished, with the exception of zero camber, which is when there is no deviation at all.

Importance of camber in automobiles

Camber is modified in automobiles in order to increase stability and improve handling. Depending on whether the camber is negative or positive, it will offer certain properties or others.

Double scissor suspension

In automotive, double scissor suspension is a type of independent suspension that uses two fork-shaped brackets to allow movement in the vertical plane of each wheel. Each fork or arm has two articulation points on the vehicle chassis and a third on a vertical strut. A shock absorber and coil spring system controls the vertical movement of the assembly.

Caster Angle

The caster angle or caster is the displacement in angles of the axis of rotation with respect to the vertical axis of a wheel intended for the turning of a vehicle. In front-wheel drive vehicles, the caster angle has a value between 0 and 3 degrees, while in rear-wheel drive cars, the caster figure is between 5 and 10 degrees.

There are three types of caster

Caster with zero degrees or zero angle: the steering axis is completely vertical with respect to the point of contact with the rim, with no caster angle and no forces causing any drag on the wheels.

Positive caster: the steering axis is positioned in front of the geometric axis of rotation or point of contact with the rim, causing a drag or thrust of the rear part of the tire, which helps to keep the steering straight, generating greater directional stability.

Negative caster: the steering axis is positioned behind the geometric axis of rotation or point of contact with the tire, which facilitates steering wheel turning, the entry into curves increases the efficiency of the suspension.

The caster or caster angle is intended to keep the steering centered and provide the driver with more and better stability when driving in a straight line. Some of the functions of caster include achieving stable, precise, self-centering and reversible steering.