Since the cars began to be produced at the end of the 18th century and until 1911 to start the cars and start the combustion engine, the pilots had to carry a lever that they embedded under the grill and through which they literally gave them crank, to a mechanism that activated the propulsion system. This physical effort carried the risk of breaking the operator's arm if he was careless, since when the engine started the crank turned backwards. The ignition system is important because its function is to generate the necessary voltage from the battery to each of the spark plugs, in order to generate the combustion of the air-fuel mixture inside the engine's cylinders, making it operate. Currently, integrated injection ignition systems can be identified for engine operation from the monitoring of variables such as temperature, fuel, throttle position, revolutions, among others, which seek to improve engine management from the control of the mentioned variables.

The charging system will simulate its operation by mounting an alternator that will be powered by a three-phase electric motor, in the starting system a starter will be activated that will have a simple circuit that will activate it by means of a key and will be fed with it. battery that will be charging the charging system.

The car starting and charging system is important to know because as together with the alternator they make up a continuous cycle of energy conversion in one way or another, also the engine start-up system is about a device that transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy to give the necessary energy to the engine and start combustion.

We have decided to address this topic since many people tend to be curious to know how this important part of the car works, to get to know more about its operation, its components, and its due inspection. We cover what is the system and charging of the car through the assembly of an alternator to the battery, and a brief explanation of each of its parts and its characteristics.

Main components of the charging system.

1. Battery. It is responsible for providing power to the regulator so that there is a power supply and the recharging process begins, allowing a stable charging value in the electrical system.

2. Alternator. It is the element of the electric circuit of the car whose mission is to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy, thus providing an electric supply during the running of the vehicle. By providing electric current, it is intended to recharge and maintain the battery charge.

Components of the alternator:

• Pulley.

• Rotor or inductor.

• Stator or induced or induced.

• Bridge rectifier of diodes.

• Charcoal carrier.

• Front and back cover (Housing).

3. Regulator. It consists of two or three electromagnetics, which vary according to the revolutions of the engine, the voltage allowed by the regulator depends on how charged the battery is and the temperature at which it is.

Main components of the starter motor.

The starter motor is the propeller so that the vehicle can start and start the internal combustion engine and can turn by itself, transforming the electrical energy into mechanical so that the movement can occur.

1. Rotor or induced. It is responsible for rotating and giving movement to the pinion that engages in the flywheel of inertia, It is constituted by a collector, by winding and by a central axis.

2. Housing. It is an external part that holds the internal mechanisms.

3. Inductor assembly. It is in charge of generating a stationary magnetic field, formed by inductor coils.

4. Charcoal carrier. Its function is to fix the coals, allowing contact between them and the starter motor inducer collector, which makes it possible to power.

5. Solenoid. Allows the current flow of the battery for the field coils.

6. Starter impeller. The impeller drives the motor of the vehicle, through the teeth of the rack and the impeller.

Testings with a multimeter

To measure the system voltage, the surface charge of the battery is removed by keeping the lights on for 1 minute. The voltage at the battery terminals is measured with the lights off. Then the engine is started and the battery voltage is checked again. As the engine accelerates, the voltage rises until it reaches the regulator cut-off voltage 14.34 V. Verification of the alternator components. The insulation test is done by putting the multimeter leads on a slip ring and the other lead on the field coil, the resistance is infinite.

By bumping the diode tip with the red test lead and the pin with the black tip. Inductor system connections tests. To measure insulation, one end of the multimeter is placed on the winding and the other end on the stator.

Check the alternator output. Alternator connections. Short circuit. With the key off, look for a short circuit in the charge indicator, either by wiring or another device connected to the circuit.

Then accelerate to 2000 RPM and proceed to measure the battery voltage. If the voltage is not between 13.9 to 15.1 volts, ground terminal F of the alternator, then accelerate back to 2000 RPM and check if the voltage at terminal B is more than 13 volts. If so, you need to replace the alternator and check the measurement of its output.

Alternator output. Measure the output of the alternator, if the measurement is within 10% of the rated output amperage and if the charge indicator is still on, check for a short circuit. If not, the alternator needs to be replaced.