MASTER'S DEGREES

AREA I – BIBLICAL STUDIES

Biblical revelation is the foundation and source of the Church’s message. As a church we affirm "that we accept and stand for the whole Bible rightly divided, and for the New Testament as our rule of faith and practice . . . (and that the New Testament is) . . . the only rule for government and discipline." The study of the Scriptures in the context of the history and culture of its own times prepares the student to understand and to interpret the Word of God for today’s world. The development of competence in exegesis and exposition furnishes the student with tools for his or her role as interpreter and proclaimer of the Word.

The objectives of the Seminary in the area of Biblical Studies are:

• 1. To aid the student in the acquisition of skills necessary to interpret and understand the Scriptures;

  2. To instill in the student the importance of personal integrity and emphasize that integrity grows out of Biblical roots and is manifested in spiritually fruitful, interpersonal relationships; and

  3. To encourage sensitivity to the Holy Spirit in all areas of life and ministry, especially in anointed preaching and teaching of the Word.

AREA II – HISTORICAL AND THEOLOGICAL STUDIES

The Word has come down to the present day through the mediation of the Church; and the Church’s understanding of the Word has influenced its own history and theology in each age. As students become acquainted with the history of the Church as an institution and with the historical development of Christian doctrine, they are given insight for evaluating various contemporary theologies, enabling them to develop a sound, biblical-theological position which will inform and undergird their ministry.

The objectives of the Seminary in the area of Historical and Theological Studies are:

• 1. To teach the faith and history of the Church, especially the deep Scriptural holiness and Pentecostal themes which for centuries have nourished the people of God and figured so prominently in the formation of the Church of God;

  2. To promote a historically informed appreciation of the doctrines and ministries of the Church in today’s world;

  3. To provide a theological foundation for a ministry of servant leadership and a commitment to an international, multicultural Church with a worldwide mission to all peoples, but especially to the poor; and

  4. To model and inculcate a sense of the inner relationship of doctrine and spiritual formation and the way in which sound doctrine makes ministry practice truly good ministry when there is a proper integration of theology and practice.

AREA III – STUDIES IN THE LIFE AND MINISTRY OF THE CHURCH

The Church must live and minister in today’s world, with all of its cultural and ethnic variations, as well as its uncertainties, problems, and hurts. Through the insights of theology and the social sciences, the student is encouraged to come to grips with what it means to be the people of God in one’s own cultural context. The ministry of the Church in today’s world is studied from different perspectives, using different methods of teaching for the purpose of developing in the student the requisite ministry competencies.

The objectives of the Seminary in the area of Studies in the Life and Ministry of the Church are:

• 1. To facilitate the development of a theology and practice of ministry which is biblically sound, historically informed, and relevant to contemporary human needs; and

  2. To impart a comprehensive and integrated vision of the human condition in order to enable one to minister to the whole person in his or her socio-cultural setting.

AREA IV – PERSONAL FORMATION FOR MINISTRY

At the core of preparation for ministry is one’s personal formation. The person who serves in Christian ministry must be above reproach in character, knowledgeable of the Scriptures, established in the faith, and disposed towards sacrificial service. This requires a lifelong commitment to personal discipleship, faithful union with the Church, obedience to the great commandment to love God and neighbor, and fulfillment of the Great Commission. The integration of personal faith with biblical-theological studies and ministry practices is an essential component of formation for Christian ministry.

The objectives of the Seminary in the area of Personal Formation for Ministry are:

• 1. To cultivate the development of a personal identity in Christ which integrates one’s personal story with that of the people of God, the Christian faith, and the mission of the Church;

  2. To nurture commitment to lifelong discipleship characterized by unity with the body of Christ, stewardship in a local congregation, worship, and spiritual disciplines (including the intellectual love of God); and

  3. To provide a community of faith and fellowship that will enrich the student’s life and family for ministry in the Church.

PRE-SEMINARY PREPARATION

Seminary work demands more than the singular pursuits of either academics or skill enhancement. Theological work requires an integration of head and heart that is biblically grounded, historically informed, theologically sound, and contextually relevant. It is therefore recommended that whenever possible, students at the undergraduate level obtain a good, general working knowledge of the Bible, church history, world history, the arts and sciences (including behavioral/social sciences), critical thinking, research and writing skills, philosophy, world religions, etc. One year of biblical Greek and/or Hebrew is strongly recommended for the Master of Divinity and Master of Theological Studies. Since the Seminary has established such a strong academic reputation, with many graduates having been admitted to the top doctoral studies programs, undergraduate students who desire advanced Seminary placement are urged to consult with the Vice President for Academics as early as possible during their undergraduate program. (See Advanced Standing with Credit)

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

The Seminary understands itself to be the church gathered for theological education. It is a community of faith, love, and learning. All programs of study are viewed from this perspective.

The Master of Divinity and Doctor of Ministry programs require the equivalent of a minimum of one year of residential coursework. This coursework may be completed at the Seminary main campus or at approved extensions. Transfer credit cannot count toward meeting this residency requirement. In addition to course requirements, students are expected to participate in a variety of programs which help to nurture the community of faith: Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry and Study, Supervision and Assessment, Ministerial Development, Chapel, Community of Faith (Counseling Development Group for counseling students), Ministers Week, and Church of God History and Polity.

Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry and Study (SA 801)

All students are required to successfully complete Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry and Study within their first 12 hours of coursework. Offered during the Fall and Spring terms each year, this course makes it possible for the students to dialogue with various faculty members concerning the integration of theology, ministry, and life.

Supervision and Assessment

At various points in the students’ educational and ministerial development, they are given special occasions to assess their readiness for ministry. At the beginning of the Seminary experience, students are carefully assessed through an evaluation of their application for admission and the inventory/evaluation program, which is designed to assess intellectual abilities and psychological development. During the first semester, other assessments are given to determine readiness and aptitude for ministry. Students are thus encouraged to self-evaluate, and individual programs are designed accordingly. To aid in this initial assessment process, the students are required to take SA 801 - Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry and Study. This three-hour course is team-taught and allows the students to assess in a very basic way their readiness for the study of theology and ministry.

Academic, formational, and ministry practice evaluation are part of a continuing program of student assessment. In addition to evaluation of the student’s course work by the course instructors, there is ongoing assessment of personal and ministerial formation throughout the student's Seminary experience. This process involves (1) various assessment instruments through participation in the Pentecostal Foundations course, (2) four semesters of participation in a Community of Faith and Ministry Development Group each of which will include reflection on ministry practice and personal formation, (3) the development of a portfolio and capstone project which demonstrate successful completion of degree program outcomes, (4) a mid-program review with a faculty advisor to assess progress in achievement of degree program outcomes, (5) a

final-program review including a public presentation of the student’s capstone project, and (6) assessment of supervised ministry experiences (an internship and/or practicum depending on degree program and student assessments).

Ministerial Development

The Ministerial Development Committee, comprised of faculty, staff, and students, has the responsibility to design and require specific ministry programs which will enhance student development. At any time during the course of one’s program, a student may be asked to appear before the Ministerial Development Committee to respond to one or more of the following areas: academic/ministerial difficulties, discipline issues, or personal crises and problems.

Chapel

The development of the spiritual life is of paramount importance to all Christians, especially to those who are called to, and in the process of preparing themselves for, Christian ministry.

Regular chapel services, which are held on

Tuesday and Thursday of each week, are designed to be meaningful worship experiences for the whole Seminary community, and attendance is required. It is our desire that these services be spiritually enriching and supportive of the Seminary’s process of ministerial preparation and formation.

Through regular chapel services and special services, Seminary students have the opportunity to minister to each other and to be ministered to by outstanding ministers from a broad and varied experience.

Community of Faith and Counseling Development Groups

All degree-seeking students are required to be part of a Community of Faith (COF) or Counseling Development Group (CDG) which meets weekly with a faculty facilitator or other approved leadership. The purpose of the COF and CDG is sharing one's testimony, receiving and giving care, and development in ministry practice. Students must earn four credit hours by participating in not less than four semesters of the COF or CDG.

Ministers' Week

Ministers' Week is an occasion for the Seminary community to join with representatives of leadership, various general departments, and other educational institutions of the Church to consider vital aspects of contemporary ministry from an interdisciplinary perspective, using various educational methods and in a manner which models the integration of faith and practice which is the hallmark of the Seminary.

Ministerial Credentials

Church of God students who are planning to enter full-time Christian service and who have not yet received ministerial credentials are encouraged to make application for ministerial credentials early in their seminary career, as this will assist in the formation of a ministerial identity. The credentialing process is overseen by the State Administrative Bishop of the state or territory where one is a member. Credentials are granted by the denomination through a process that includes a written application, endorsement by one’s State Administrative Bishop, one’s pastor, and the local congregation of one’s membership, and written and oral examinations administered by a duly appointed Examining Board. With the approval of a student’s State Administrative Bishop, ministerial exams may be administered by an Examining Board at the Seminary.

Also, it is the policy of the Church of God to allow a student at the point of graduation with a Masters degree from PTS to be exempt from the written examination for advancement in ministerial rank. This applies to the initial rank of Exhorter or advancement from Exhorter to Ordained Licensed Minister or Advancement from Ordained Licensed Minister to Ordained Bishop. Students wishing to take advantage of this program must be otherwise qualified for the advance and they must complete the normal application process through their respective State Offices.

All Church of God Students are strongly encouraged to take Church of God History and Polity (HS 650) if they have not already taken it at the undergraduate level. Successful completion of this course is a prerequisite for any student wishing to be examined at the seminary for ministerial credentials or advancement in ministerial rank. For more information contact the Ministerial Development Committee.

PLACEMENT

General. Assistance with placement in ministerial service is done after careful assessment of the student’s story/autobiography, talents, experience, and ongoing ministerial development needs. Students are encouraged to work through their denominational channels (state bishops, district overseers, departments, etc.) when inquiring about ministerial vacancies and needs.

Chaplaincy. The Seminary offers specialized training opportunities for students interested in military, prison, hospital, campus, industry, and other institutional chaplaincy programs. Candidates for authorized chaplaincy positions are screened and processed through the Church of God Chaplains Commission.

DURATION

All course credits applied toward degree requirements must be earned within ten (10) years of the awarding of the degree.

MASTER OF DIVINITY (74 - 80 Credit Hours)

The purpose of the Master of Divinity (MDIV) degree program is to prepare men and women for effective ministry as pastors, evangelists, missionaries, chaplains, counselors, or other ministries. The student is seen as an active learner who is growing while developing his or her own unique gifts and style for ministry.

The MDIV program is structured to give each student a balanced exposure to theological studies in three years. The program also provides for exibility in preparation according to personal calling and needs. A faculty advisor assists the student in selecting the courses most appropriate to the individual’s stage of development, interests, and emerging goals in ministry.

The MDIV degree requires the successful completion of 74 or 80 semester hours (depending on language requirements such as Hebrew or Greek) with a GPA of 2.0 or above on a 4-point scale. Up to 37/40 credit hours of work may be accepted by transfer of courses (from accredited schools with a grade of C or better) upon the approval of the Vice President for Academics.

MASTER OF DIVINITY LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon graduation, students will be able to:

• • Pentecostal Scholarship: demonstrate the knowledge and skills necessary for the ongoing integration of theological study with life and ministry.

  • Formation: demonstrate an established testimony of personal and ministerial formation that bears evidence of commitment to live under the lordship of Jesus Christ.

  • Pentecostal Worship: articulate, practice, and lead others to practice Pentecostal Worship.

  • Holy Witness: articulate, practice, and lead others to practice Holy Witness.

  • Covenant Community: articulate, practice, and lead others to practice Covenant Community.

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS

BIBLICAL LANGUAGE

The ability to use Greek or Hebrew for biblical exegesis is required. If the applicant has not had six hours of undergraduate study in one of the biblical languages, it is recommended that these courses be taken as early as possible (preferably, the summer before the student's first Fall semester). In order to be exempted from the six hour biblical language requirement, the student must complete a Course Waiver/Substitution Form located in the PTS Forms Site.

PORTFOLIO AND CAPSTONE

Prior to graduation, Master of Divinity students must present a portfolio that demonstrates successful attainment of each of the degree program desired outcomes. In keeping with the Seminary's commitment to prepare persons for ministry in today’s world, these portfolios are to be constructed in digital form. Students are expected to compile their portfolios as they progress through the program. The portfolio will be reviewed by the student’s faculty advisor at the time of the mid-program review. During the student’s final semester, the portfolio will be incorporated into the student’s capstone experience, which will include a public review of the portfolio.

During the student’s final semester prior to graduation, he or she will enroll in the Master of Divinity Capstone Course. This course will guide the student in the final preparation and public presentation of the portfolio.

ASSESSMENT

An extensive program of assessment of the student’s readiness for ministry is integrated into the Master of Divinity degree program. This program of assessment is designed (1) to assist the student in recognizing his or her personal ministry gifts and callings, (2) to assist the student in personal formation as a Christian minister, and (3) to guide the student into successful attainment of the degree program outcomes.

At the beginning of the Seminary experience students are assessed through an evaluation of their application for admission and various assessment instruments which are designed to indicate intellectual abilities and to assess psychological readiness for ministry. In addition, students are assessed for their need for supervised ministry. During the first semester other inventories are administered in conjunction with the Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry and Study course to assist in this process.

MID-PROGRAM REVIEW

Near the midpoint of the degree program (during the third semester as a full-time student or during the semester following the completion of twenty-four hours) a student must complete a mid-program review. This review will be conducted with the faculty advisor and will focus on the student’s progress toward the five core outcomes of the degree. Specifically, the review will assess the student’s degree program portfolio as the primary indicator of progress toward graduation. Failure to demonstrate acceptable progress toward degree completion may result in referral to the Ministerial Development Committee for additional assessment and the formation of a personalized plan of study.

FINAL PROGRAM REVIEW

During the student’s final semester, he or she must complete an end-of-program review. This final review will be integrated into a capstone experience and will be comprised of two components. First, the student will defend his or her portfolio with his or her faculty advisor in order to assess the achievement of the degree program outcomes. Second, the student will make a public presentation of his or her portfolio along with other capstone requirements.

MINISTRY SUPERVISION AND INTERNSHIP

Successful completion of the Master of Divinity degree program requires the student to demonstrate the integration of knowledge and skills with both personal development and the practice of ministry. Supervised ministry experiences are essential to this process. Students should keep in mind that the purpose of these experiences is personal formation for ministry through experiences of ministerial activities and skill development. To this end, the Master of Divinity program requires the successful completion of a ministry internship. Students may elect or be required to also complete a practicum in a specialized area of ministry.

During the second academic year, or after completion of 39 hours, Master of Divinity students are required to meet with the Ministerial Development Committee to review and evaluate the student's seminary and ministry experiences. This meeting follows shortly after the mid-program review with the faculty advisor and will include a summary review of the student’s developing portfolio. The primary purposes of this meeting with the committee are to identify an acceptable internship for the student and to give direction to the student for the successful attainment of the degree outcomes. Prior to the meeting, the student will, in writing, project plans for the successful completion of the degree, including an internship that expands his or her ministerial development and affords appropriate supervision in the integration of ministry activity with personal formation. The committee may prescribe a curricular course of study including designated supervised ministry experiences. It is the responsibility of the student to schedule this meeting through the Office of Ministerial Development. The Office of Ministerial Development shall provide the requisite forms for the meeting.

A student who feels there are reasons to be exempted from an internship may, with the approval of his or her faculty advisor and Community of Faith leader, apply to the Ministerial Development Committee for an exemption from an internship.

DEGREE CONCENTRATIONS

The student has a choice of either declaring an area of concentration in his or her MDIV degree program or pursuing a "general" MDIV degree program. If the student does NOT declare an area of concentration and wishes to pursue the general MDIV degree, he or she should complete the remaining credit hours as "general electives." Concentrations require a minimum of 18 hours within a designated area of study in addition to required courses. However, up to 6 hours of the required courses in an area of concentration can be applied toward the concentration. When a student decides on a concentration, every effort will be made to assign the student to a faculty advisor in that concentration. Students may elect a concentration in one of the following areas.

CONCENTRATION IN BIBLICAL STUDIES (4 concentrations possible)

1. Concentration in Biblical Studies

Eighteen (18) hours that constitute this concentration may be chosen from any Biblical Studies course offerings as approved by a Biblical Studies advisor. Six (6) hours of the eighteen (18) may come from the required courses in Biblical Studies.

Ability to use Greek or Hebrew for biblical exegesis is required. A student who has not completed at least six (6) hours of undergraduate biblical language study must also complete either Hebrew I and II or New Testament Greek I and II. (First-year courses in Greek and Hebrew do not count toward the concentration.)

2. Concentration in Old Testament

Eighteen (18) hours that constitute this concentration may be chosen from any course offerings in Old Testament as approved by a Biblical Studies advisor. Six (6) hours of the eighteen (18) may come from the required courses in Biblical Studies.

Ability to use Hebrew for biblical exegesis is required. A student who has not completed at least six (6) hours of undergraduate Hebrew language study must also complete Hebrew I and II. (Hebrew I and II do not count toward the concentration).

3. Concentration in New Testament

Eighteen (18) hours that constitute this concentration may be chosen from any course offerings in New Testament as approved by a Biblical Studies advisor. Six (6) hours of the eighteen (18) may come from the required courses in Biblical Studies.

Ability to use Greek for biblical exegesis is required. A student who has not completed at least six (6) hours of undergraduate Greek language study must also complete Greek I and II. (Greek I and II do not count toward the concentration).

4.  Concentration in Biblical Languages

Eighteen (18) hours that constitute this concentration may include six (6) hours from required courses in Biblical Studies.

At least twelve (12) hours can be drawn from Greek III, Hebrew III, Aramaic, New Testament Textual Criticism, Septuagint, Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Ugaritic, Akkadian and/or up to two additional book studies.

Ability to use Greek or Hebrew for biblical exegesis is required. A student who has not completed at least six (6) hours of undergraduate biblical language study must also complete either Hebrew I and II or New Testament Greek I and II. (First-year courses in Greek and Hebrew do not count toward the concentration).

CONCENTRATION IN HISTORICAL STUDIES

Students must complete at least six (6) hours from the following list of courses:

HS 610 The Early Church

HS 630 United States Church History: 1607-1820

HS 631 Church History in the United States: 1820-Present

Any twelve (12) hours from course offerings designated as Historical Studies (HS) and/or Historical Theology (HT) which may include two (2) of the following core courses:

HT 601 Historical Theology

HT 643 Historical and Theology of Wesleyan Holiness Pentecostal Movements

HS 650 Church of God History and Polity

CONCENTRATION IN THEOLOGICAL STUDIES

Six (6) hours may be applied to the concentration from:

HT 601 Historical Theology

HT 643 History and Theology of Wesleyan Holiness Pentecostal Movements

TS 602 Pentecostal Spirituality Theology

TS 603 Introduction to Christian Doctrine

TS 630 Theology of the Holy Spirit

CONCENTRATION IN CHAPLAINCY

Students should complete Clinical Pastoral Education (CO 760; 6 credit hours) as the MDIV internship. Choose 12 credit hours from the following list of courses:

CO 701 Counseling Skills

CO 702 Theories and Techniques of Counseling

CO 703 Human Growth and Transformation

CO 710 Marriage and Family Systems-Theories in Counseling

CO 730 Crisis Counseling

CO 731 Professional Issues and Ethics in Counseling

CO 736 Intercultural Counseling

CO 750 Conflict Ministry

CO 761 Community Service Ministries Basic Course

CO 763 Clinical Practicum in Institutional Ministries

CO 776 Human Sexuality

LC 702 Christian Ethics: Pentecostal Theology for Social Engagement

TS/LC 680 Christian Ethics: Pentecostal Theology for Social Engagement

WM 740 Contemporary World Religions

CONCENTRATION IN CHILDREN’S MINISTRIES

In the general Area III requirements, Foundations for Christian Formation (CF 701) must be completed instead of The Disciple Making Pastor (CF 722). The following four courses must also be completed:

CF 703 Human Growth and Transformation

CF 721 Formational Leadership

CF 741 Ministry with Families

CF 750 Children of the Kingdom

An additional three (3) credit hours of advisor-approved electives in Children's Ministry also must be completed.

CONCENTRATION IN DISCIPLESHIP AND CHRISTIAN FORMATION

In the general Area III requirements, Foundations for Christian Formation (CF 701) must be taken instead of The Disciple Making Pastor (CF 722). The following three courses must be completed in the concentration area:

CF 702 Inductive Bible Study

CF 720 Teaching the Word

CF 721 Formational Leadership

A 3-hour Christian Formation course in Children, Youth or Family Ministry, and an additional three (3) hours of Christian Formation electives must also be completed.

CONCENTRATION IN WORLD MISSION AND EVANGELISM

In addition to Foundations for World Mission and Evangelism (WM 701), the student should complete fifteen (15) credit hours from the following list of courses, chosen in consultation with his or her advisor:

LC 701 Religion and Culture

ML 724 Leadership Training Models

ML 740 Evangelism and Renewal

ML 741 Church Growth

ML 742 Church Planting

ML 760 Foundations for Wholistic Mission

ML 761 Cross-Cultural Ministries in North America

WM 708 Biblical and Contemporary Theology of Mission

WM 720 History of Missions

WM 730 Cultural Anthropology

WM 740 Contemporary World Religions

WM 750 Pentecostal Strategies of Missions

WM 751 Principles of Missionary Practice

WM 752 Issues in Pentecostal /Charismatic Church Growth

WM 761 Missions Travel Seminar

WM 795 World Mission Area Studies

WM 796 Global Pentecostalism and 21st Century Mission

Directed Study in World Mission and Evangelism

Research in World Mission and Evangelism

CONCENTRATION IN MINISTRY LEADERSHIP

In the Area 3 requirements, students with a concentration in Ministry Leadership are required to complete:

ML 701 Ministry of the Word or ML 702 Expository Preaching; and

ML 720 Pastoral Ministries or CO 701 Counseling Skills.

Eighteen (18) credit hours of ministry leadership electives (courses with a ML course prefix) are also required. Students should consult their academic advisor when selecting ministry leadership electives. With the approval of the advisor, students have the option of selecting other courses in, or relating to, pastoral ministries.

CONCENTRATION IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND URBAN CARE

It is recommended that students choose one (1) of the following for their core Bible book study:

NT 520 Matthew

NT 540 James

OT 542 Isaiah

OT 587 Wisdom Books

Students must take Christian Ethics-Pentecostal Theology for Social Engagement TS/LC 680 and one (1) of the following:

CF 722 The Disciple Making Pastor

CO 701 Counseling Skills

CO 703 Human Growth and Transformation

Students will choose four (4) of the following course options (12 credit hours):

CO 736 Intercultural Counseling

CO 761 Community Service Ministries or CF 761 Discipling Youth

ML 724 Leadership Training Models or ML 723 Multiple Staff Ministries or ML 722 Church Leadership or CF 721 Formational Leadership

ML 760 Foundations for Wholistic Mission or ML 742 Church Planting or ML 761 Cross-Cultural Ministries in North America

WM 708 Biblical and Contemporary Theology of Mission

WM 730 Cultural Anthropology

For the MDIV internship (SA 820), students must choose an internship experience with a community development/urban care context and focus in place of one of the four courses chosen above.

CONCENTRATION IN YOUTH AND FAMILY MINISTRY

In the general Area III requirements, Foundations for Christian Formation (CF 701) must be taken instead of The Disciple Making Pastor (CF 722). Twelve (12) credit hours of concentration electives must be completed from the list below:

CF 702 Inductive Bible Study

CF 703 Human Growth and Transformation

CF 720 Teaching the Word

CF 741 Ministry with Families

Three (3) hours of advisor approved electives in Youth Ministry must also be completed.

CONCENTRATION IN COUNSELING/MARRIAGE AND FAMILY

To earn a concentration in counseling/marriage and family, students must complete:

CO 701  Counseling Skills

CO 702  Theories and Techniques of Counseling; or

CO 710 Marriage and Family Systems

Plus 12 credit hours of counseling elective courses as approved by a concentration advisor. A counseling elective course is any course with a course number prefix CO.

If Clinical Pastoral Education (CO 760) is used as the MDIV internship, it will not be counted as part of the concentration.

MDIV REQUIRED COURSES

Area I – Biblical Studies

BH 501 Biblical Hermeneutics................................................................................. 3

NT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the New Testament ........................................ 3

OT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the Old Testament.......................................... 3

Area II – Historical and Theological Studies

HT 601 Historical Theology  ......................................................................... ......... 3      

HT 643 History and Theology of Wesleyan Holiness Pentecostal Movements ...... 3

TS 602 Pentecostal Spirituality-Theology ............................................................... 3

TS 603 Introduction to Christian Doctrine .. ............................................................ 3

TS 630 Theology of the Holy Spirit or TS 641 Doctrine of Holiness........................ 3

Note: HS650 Church of God History and Polity is required for those students seeking credentialing or advancement in rank within the Church of God.

Area III – Studies in the Life and Ministry of the Church

CF 701 Foundations for Christian Formation or

CF 722 The Disciple Making Pastor ....................................................................... 3

ML 701 Ministry of the Word or ML702 Expository Preaching*................................ 3

ML 720 Pastoral Ministries or CO 701 Counseling Skills*....................................... 3

WM 701 Foundations for World Mission and Evangelism or

ML/WM 760 Foundations for Wholistic Mission....................................................... 3

*Students demonstrating five or more years of ministerial experience can substitute CO 701 (Counseling Skills) for ML 720 (Pastoral Ministries) and substitute ML 702 (Expository Preaching) for ML 701 (Ministry of the Word). In order to qualify for this substitution, five years of ministerial experience must be documented by the academic advisor and student through the completion of the Ministerial Experience Verification Form.

Note: HS650 Church of God History and Polity is required for those students seeking credentialing or advancement in rank within the Church of God.

Area III – Studies in the Life and Ministry of the Church

CF 701 Foundations for Christian Formation or

CF 722 The Disciple Making Pastor ....................................................................... 3

ML 701 Ministry of the Word or ML702 Expository Preaching*................................ 3

ML 720 Pastoral Ministries or CO 701 Counseling Skills*....................................... 3

WM 701 Foundations for World Mission and Evangelism or

ML/WM 760 Foundations for Wholistic Mission....................................................... 3

*Students demonstrating five or more years of ministerial experience can substitute CO 701 (Counseling Skills) for ML 720 (Pastoral Ministries) and substitute ML 702 (Expository Preaching) for ML 701 (Ministry of the Word). In order to qualify for this substitution, five years of ministerial experience must be documented by the academic advisor and student through the completion of the Ministerial Experience Verification Form.

Area IV – Personal Formation for Ministry

SA 801 Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry and Study* ....................... 3

SA 802-805 Community of Faith and Ministry Development .................................. 4

MDIV Capstone ....................................................................................................... 2

SA 820-821 Ministerial Internship**......................................................................... 3 (6) *Pentecostal Foundations must be taken in the first term of enrollment.

**If Ministerial Internship does not have a "care component", SA 807 Care Practicum (2 hour) must also be completed.

Remaining Electives (depending on internship)....................................................... 17(20)

TYPICAL MASTER OF DIVINITY PROGRAM SEQUENCE (Full-Time Study)

First Year

HT 601 Historical Theology ..................................................................................... 3

HT 643 History and Theology of Wesleyan Holiness Pentecostal Movements…… 3

ML 720 Pastoral Ministries or CO 701 Counseling Skills......................................... 3

ML 701 Ministry of the Word or ML702 Expository Preaching ................................ 3

NT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the New Testament ........................................ 3

OT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the Old Testament ......................................... 3

SA 801 Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry .......................................... 3

SA 802 Community of Faith and Ministry Development ......................................... 1

SA 803 Community of Faith and Ministry Development ......................................... 1

WM 701 Foundations for World Mission and Evangelism or

ML/WM 760 Foundations for Wholistic Mission ...................................................... 3

J-Term Elective (January, June, or July) - Optional

Total Credit Hours First Year: 26

Second Year

BH 501 Biblical Hermeneutics ................................................................................ 3

CF 701 Foundations for Christian Formation or CF 722 Disciple Making Pastor … 3

SA 804 Community of Faith and Ministry Development ......................................... 1

SA 805 Community of Faith and Ministry Development ......................................... 1

TS 602 Pentecostal Spirituality-Theology ............................................................... 3

TS 603 Introduction to Christian Doctrine................................................................ 3

TS 630 Theology of the Holy Spirit or TS 641 Doctrine of Holiness ....................... 3

Two Biblical Studies Electives with Greek and/or Hebrew Exegesis……................ 6

Course in Concentration or General Elective*......................................................... 3

*Students not declaring an area of concentration

J-Term Elective (January, June, or July) - Optional

Total Credit Hours Second Year: 26

Third Year

HS 650 Church of God History and Polity or Area II Elective.................................. 3

MDIV Capstone....................................................................................................... 2

SA 820-821 Ministerial Internship ........................................................................... 3 or 6

Courses in Concentration or General Electives*..................................................... 11-14

*Students not declaring an area of concentration

J-Term Elective (January, June, or July) - Optional

Total Credit Hours Third Year: 22

Note: Students who have not completed the biblical language requirement in an undergraduate program must complete an additional 6 credit hours of Greek or Hebrew. In this case, the total credit hours needed to complete the MDIV degree program is 80.

Total MDIV Degree Program Requirement: 74-80 Credit Hours

TYPICAL MASTER OF DIVINITY PROGRAM SEQUENCE (Part-Time Study)

First Year (Including the optional J-Term in January and June-July)

HT 601 Historical Theology ............................................................................................ 3

ML 720 Pastoral Ministries or CO 701 Counseling Skills................................................ 3

ML 701 Ministry of the Word or ML702 Expository Preaching ...............................……..3

NT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the New Testament ............................................... 3

OT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the Old Testament ................................................. 3

SA 801 Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry .................................................. 3

SA 802 Community of Faith and Ministry Development ................................................. 1

SA 803 Community of Faith and Ministry Development ................................................. 1

Total Credit Hours First Year: 20

Second Year (Including the optional J-Term in January and June-July)

BH 501 Biblical Hermeneutics .........................................................................................3

CF 701 Foundations for Christian Formation or CF 722 Disciple Making Pastor …........3

HT 643 History and Theology of Wesleyan Holiness Pentecostal Movements……....... 3

SA 804 Community of Faith and Ministry Development ..................................................1

SA 805 Community of Faith and Ministry Development ..................................................1

TS 602 Pentecostal Spirituality-Theology ........................................................................3

Two Biblical Studies Electives with Greek and/or Hebrew Exegesis…….........................6

*Students not declaring an area of concentration

Total Credit Hours Second Year: 20

Third Year (Including Optional J-Term in January and June-July)

TS 630 Theology of the Holy Spirit or TS 641 Doctrine of Holiness ................................3

TS 603 Introduction to Christian Doctrine.........................................................................3

WM 701 Foundations for World Mission and Evangelism or

ML/WM 760 Foundations for Wholistic Mission .............................................................. 3

Courses in Concentration or General Electives*.................................................. 11 or 14

*Students not declaring an area of concentration

Total Credit Hours Third Year: 20

Fourth Year (Including Optional J-Term in January and June-July)

HS 650 Church of God History and Polity or Area II Elective...........................................3

MDIV Capstone................................................................................................................2

SA 820-821 Ministerial Internship ............................................................................ 3 or 6

Course in Concentration or General Elective*..................................................................3

*Students not declaring an area of concentration

Total Credit Hours Third Year: 14

MASTER OF ARTS IN DISCIPLESHIP AND CHRISTIAN FORMATION  (50 Credit Hours)

The Master of Arts in Discipleship and Christian Formation (MADCF) degree is a professional degree designed to prepare men and women for specialized ministries in the church’s mission of making disciples. The degree is intended for persons desiring to serve local congregations as an Associate Pastor, Minister of Education, Minister of Discipleship, Minister of Youth, Minister of Children, Minister of Families, Minister of Singles, or any combination of the above. It is also designed for persons who will be responsible for mentoring and training church leaders through theological education (including day schools, Bible Institutes, Christian colleges, and Theological Education by Extension) and for persons desiring to serve in denominational ministries for Youth and Christian Education. The program consists of courses in (1) basic theological education, (2) personal formation for ministry, (3) core studies in discipleship and Christian formation, and (4) an approved ministry focus.

The MADCF degree requires a minimum of fifty credit hours of prescribed graduate study. It is a two-year degree because it requires a minimum of two years as a fulltime student to complete the degree. The MADCF degree program is considered a professional degree in ministry leadership.

MADCF LEARNING OUTCOMES

The MADCF degree is designed to prepare women and men for professional ministry in the area of discipleship and Christian formation. Graduates of the program should:

Personal Formation

1. Have an established testimony of personal discipleship demonstrated in commitment to live under the lordship of Jesus Christ as expressed through the exercise of spiritual disciplines, submission to the authority of the Scriptures, surrender to the leading of the Holy Spirit, unity with the Body of Christ, and faithful stewardship in a local congregation.

2. Be able to "rightly divide the Word of Truth" through the proper application of the inductive approach to Bible study.

Steadfastness in the Traditions of the Faith

3. Be able to tell the story of the Christian people.

4. Be able to articulate the historic doctrines of the Christian faith and communicate the unique contributions of the Wesleyan-Pentecostal expression of that faith.

5. Be able to describe the origin, preservation, structure, and essential content of the Old and New Testaments.

Theology of Ministry

6. Be able to defend a biblically, historically, and doctrinally informed, understanding of:

a. Ministry;

b. the foundational processes of Christian discipleship and formation; and

c. the nature and mission of the Church.

Ministry Skills

7. Be able to lead others in direct study of the Scriptures in a small group context

8. Be able to describe the patterns of human growth and development throughout the stages of life and to apply that information to the interpretation of individual discipleship needs.

9. Be able to mentor others in Christian discipleship.

10. Be able to critically assess strengths and weaknesses of the discipleship ministry of congregations.

11. Be able to lead a congregation in the development and administration of a comprehensive program of discipleship ministries.

12. Be able to demonstrate competence in a chosen area of ministry focus.

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS

Persons entering the program should have an established testimony of commitment to Christ and personal discipleship demonstrated through faithful membership and service in a local congregation. They should also be able to demonstrate a general knowledge of the structure and content of the Scriptures. Entering students (a) should be able to demonstrate a general knowledge of the arts and sciences; (b) effectively express original ideas through written and spoken forms; and (c) have a critical awareness of contemporary world issues.

The MADCF degree requires the successful completion of 50 semester hours with a GPA of 2.0 or above on a 4-point scale. The program requires students to be active in a local congregation in their chosen area of ministry focus throughout the course of study. Credits may be transferred into this degree from other accredited graduate schools in accordance with the Seminary’s policies governing the transfer of credit. The transfer of credit into the area of discipleship studies is subject to review by the program chair.

MADCF CAPSTONE or THESIS

Each MADCF student is expected to complete a capstone experience that (1) demonstrates the student has achieved the degree outcomes, and (2) demonstrates the integration and application of his or her theology of discipleship ministry. Two capstone projects are available within this degree: (1) a ministry practicum in the student’s area of ministry focus, or (2) an integrative thesis.

Should the student choose to complete a practicum, the following standards and policies apply. The practicum must be completed at a site relevant to the student’s area of ministry focus and approved by the student’s faculty advisor and the director of the MADCF degree program. The practicum must include a component of care ministry. The student must make a public summative presentation of the practicum experience. That presentation must also include a presentation of the student’s portfolio demonstrating successful achievement of the degree outcomes.

For students who choose to write an integrative thesis, the MADCF Thesis provides the student the opportunity to demonstrate (1) a critical awareness of his or her personal call to ministry, (2) advanced knowledge and understanding of a chosen area of ministry focus, and (3) the ability to creatively project the practical application of scholarship. It is an exercise of theoria aimed at praxis. As such, it should establish the student’s ability to integrate his or her story of personal faith with scholarly research and to use that integration to creatively project ministry practice. Through this process the student will address a theoretical problem within discipleship ministry and offer a solution for the problem.

Students should consult with his or her academic advisor during the term prior to registering for the thesis regarding the thesis topic. The student must make a public summative presentation of the thesis. That presentation must also include a presentation of the student’s portfolio demonstrating successful achievement of the degree outcomes.

Students must register for their Thesis. A fee for binding the required three copies of the Thesis will be applied to the student's account at that time. This includes two copies for the library and one copy for the student. Additional copies may be bound for an additional fee. For students graduating in the spring, March 1 is the deadline for the student to submit the first draft to the advisor/reader. April 1 is the deadline for the student to submit the final revised copy to the advisor/reader. The grade may be affected if deadlines are missed. The professor may refuse to read the Thesis if it is submitted after the deadline, which could delay graduation. For students desiring to graduate in December the due dates are October 1 and November 1 respectively.

REQUIRED COURSES

Area I - Biblical Studies (6 credit hours)

NT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the New Testament ........................................ 3

OT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the Old Testament ......................................... 3

Area II - Historical and Theological Studies (9 credit hours)

HT 601 Historical Theology ..................................................................................... 3

TS 603 Introduction to Christian Doctrine................................................................ 3

Area II Elective......................................................................................................... 3

Area III - Studies in the Life and Ministry of the Church (28 credit hours)

CF 701 Foundations for Christian Formation........................................................... 3

CF 702 Inductive Bible Study .................................................................................. 3

CF 703 Human Growth and Transformation ........................................................... 3

CF 713 Small Group Leadership ............................................................................ 1

CF 720 Teaching the Word ..................................................................................... 3

CF 721 Formational Leadership ............................................................................. 3

Ministry Focus Area Approved Courses ................................................................. 9

Practicum or Thesis................................................................................................. 3

Area IV - Personal Formation for Ministry (7 credit hours)*

SA 801 Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry and Study ......................... 3

SA 802-805 Community of Faith and Ministry Development Groups...................... 4

*SA806 Care Practicum (1 credit hour) is also required if a care component is not included in the Discipleship Practicum.

TYPICAL MADCF PROGRAM SEQUENCE

Following is a typical course sequence and load. The planning of a student's program of studies should be done in consultation with the assigned advisor. Substitution of courses taken elsewhere for required courses must be approved by the Vice President of Academics and the MADCF Program Director.

Fall of First Year

CF 701 Foundations for Christian Formation........................................................... 3

NT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the New Testament......................................... 3

SA 801 Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry .......................................... 3

SA 802 Community of Faith and Ministry Development.......................................... 1

J-Term course in ministry focus (January or June).................................................. 3

Spring of First Year

CF 702 Inductive Bible Study .................................................................................. 3

HT 601 Historical Theology ..................................................................................... 3

OT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the Old Testament.......................................... 3

SA 803 Community of Faith and Ministry Development.......................................... 1

Area II Elective......................................................................................................... 3

Total Credit Hours First Year: 26

Fall of Second Year

CF 703 Human Growth and Transformation ........................................................... 3

CF 713 Small Group Leadership ............................................................................ 1

SA 804 Community of Faith and Ministry Development ......................................... 1

Course in ministry focus area ................................................................................. 3

J-Term course in ministry focus (July or January) ................................................... 3

Spring of Second Year

CF 720 Teaching the Word...................................................................................... 3

CF 721 Formational Leadership ............................................................................. 3

CF 799 MADCF Thesis (due March 1)* or Practicum ............................................. 3

SA 805 Community of Faith and Ministry Development.......................................... 1

TS 603 Introduction to Christian Doctrine................................................................ 3

Total Credit Hours Second Year: 24

* Student should consult with his or her academic advisor in the previous semester regarding the thesis topic.

Total MADCF Degree Program Requirement: 50 Credit Hours

TYPICAL MADCF PROGRAM SEQUENCE (Part-Time Study)

Fall of First Year

NT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the New Testament................................................ 3

SA 801 Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry .................................................. 3

SA 802 Community of Faith and Ministry Development.................................................. 1

J-Term course in ministry focus (January or June).......................................................... 3

Spring of First Year

CF 701 Foundations for Christian Formation................................................................... 3

HT 601 Historical Theology ............................................................................................ 3

OT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the Old Testament.................................................. 3

SA 803 Community of Faith and Ministry Development.................................................. 1

Total Credit Hours First Year: 20

Fall of Second Year

CF 702 Inductive Bible Study ......................................................................................... 3

SA 804 Community of Faith and Ministry Development ................................................. 1

Course in ministry focus area ......................................................................................... 3

J-Term course in ministry focus (July or January) .......................................................... 3

Spring of Second Year

CF 703 Human Growth and Transformation ................................................................... 3

CF 720 Teaching the Word.............................................................................................. 3

CF 799 MADCF Thesis (due March 1)* or Practicum ..................................................... 3

SA 805 Community of Faith and Ministry Development.................................................. 1

Total Credit Hours Second Year: 20

* Student should consult with his/her academic advisor in the previous semester regarding the thesis topic.

Fall of Third Year

TS 603 Introduction to Christian Doctrine........................................................................ 3

CF 721 Formational Leadership ..................................................................................... 3

CF 713 Small Group Leadership .................................................................................... 1

Area II Elective................................................................................................................ 3

Total Credit Hours Third Year: 10

Total MADCF Degree Program Requirement: 50 Credit Hours

MASTER OF THEOLOGICAL STUDIES (48 - 60 Credit Hours)

The Master of Theological Studies (MTS) is a two-year graduate degree designed to give students an opportunity to acquire focused knowledge in a specific theological discipline. The distinctive approach and contributions of the Pentecostal Theological Seminary in the area of Pentecostal theology broadly defined have had a global impact within the tradition and beyond including the development of distinctive approaches to a variety of theological disciplines. Such approaches are brought to bear in this program of study in an intentional way, offering candidates for this degree the opportunity to study and research a specific theological discipline within a constructive Pentecostal context that fosters personal formation and holistic integration.

PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon graduation the student will be able to:

• 1. Rightly divide (interpret/discern) the Word of God by means of a Pentecostal approach to Scripture that utilizes critical appropriation of spiritual and academic resources.

  2. Practice and foster community of faith relationships.

  3. Reflect critically upon one’s story in light of the Christian story in order to form the individual and the community.

  4. Practice personal and corporate spiritual disciplines (including prayer, fasting, Bible study, waiting upon God, and personal worship) supportive of Pentecostal spirituality.

  5. Demonstrate knowledge of specific aspects of Pentecostal belief and practice.

PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGY CONCENTRATION (48 Credit Hours)

The Pentecostal Theology concentration in the Master of Theological Studies degree program is designed to give students the opportunity to acquire advanced integrative knowledge and skills in Christian theology, with particular focus on constructive theology in the Pentecostal tradition and understanding of the history of Wesleyan-Pentecostal theology and spirituality. A distinctive Wesleyan-Pentecostal hermeneutics is brought to bear in this degree program, offering candidates for this degree the opportunity to study, research, and construct within the Pentecostal tradition but with a view toward addressing the broader issues of the Christian church and the world in various global contexts.

CONCENTRATION LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon graduation the student will be able to:

• 1. Demonstrate a coherent understanding of the history of the Christian theological tradition in the light of Wesleyan-Pentecostal theology and spirituality.

  2. Demonstrate theological knowledge and skills necessary for reading, constructing, and teaching theology in response to issues facing the church and the world in diverse contexts.

  3. Interpret Scripture according to a Wesleyan-Pentecostal hermeneutical paradigm.

  4. Appreciate and articulate the need for theology to remain rooted in, and in service of, the formational beliefs and practices of the community of faith.

  5. Reflect critically on one's own story and the story of one's faith community in the light of biblical narrative and the church's history.

CONCENTRATION REQUIREMENTS

Candidates for the MTS with the concentration in Pentecostal Theology must complete 48 hours of prescribed coursework. This includes the successful completion of 9 hours of Biblical Studies Core, 16 hours of History & Theology Core, 7 hours of Pentecostal Formation, and 16 hours of electives either in theology or interdisciplinary as approved by the Concentration Coordinator. The candidate will produce a final project in the MTS Capstone Course.

REQUIRED COURSES

Area I - Biblical Studies

OT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the Old Testament.......................................... 3

NT 501 Pentecostal Explorations of the New Testament ........................................ 3

BH 501 Biblical Hermeneutics or CF 702 Inductive Bible Study ............................. 3

Area II - Historical and Theological Studies

HT 601 Historical Theology ..................................................................................... 3

HT 643 History and Theology of Wesleyan Holiness Pentecostal Movements…… 3

HS 650 Church of God History and Polity or

HT 640 History of Holiness-Pentecostal Movement................................................ 3

TS 602 Pentecostal Theology and Spirituality  ....................................................... 3

TS 603 Introduction to Christian Doctrine……... ..................................................... 3

TS 689 Capstone-Pentecostal Theology ................................................................ 1

Area IV - Personal Formation

SA 801  Pentecostal Foundations for Christian Ministry and Study......................... 3

SA 802  Community of Faith and Ministry Development Group I ........................... 1

SA 803  Community of Faith and Ministry Development Group II .......................... 1

SA 804  Community of Faith and Ministry Development Group III.......................... 1

SA 805  Community of Faith and Ministry Development Group IV ......................... 1

Concentration Elective Courses in Theology or Interdisciplinary............................. 16

(The selection of these courses is in consultation with the Concentration Coordinator.)

TYPICAL MTS-PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGY SEQUENCE

FIRST YEAR

HT 601 Historical Theology...................................................................................... 3

HT 643 History and Theology of Wesleyan Holiness Pentecostal Movements....... 3

NT 501 Pentecostal Exploration of the New Testament …………………………….. 3

OT 501 Pentecostal Exploration of the Old Testament............................................ 3

SA 801 Pentecostal Foundation for Christian Ministry and Study .......................... 3

SA 802 Community of Faith I .................................................................................. 1

SA 803 Community of Faith II ................................... ……………………………….. 1

Electives................................................................................................................... 6

J-Term elective (January, June or July) - Optional

Total Credit Hours First Year: 23

SECOND YEAR

BH 501 Biblical Hermeneutics or CF702 Inductive Bible Study............................... 3

TS 602 Pentecostal Spirituality-Theology ............................................................... 3

TS 603 Introduction to Christian Doctrine................................................................ 3

HS 650 Church of God History and Polity or

HS 640 History of Holiness-Pentecostal Movement................................................ 3

SA 804 Community of Faith III ................................................................................ 1

SA 805 Community of Faith IV ................................................................................ 1

TS 689 MTS Capstone ........................................................................................... 1

Electives .................................................................................................................. 10

J-Term elective (January, June or July) - Optional

Total Credit Hours Second Year: 25

Total MTS-Pentecostal Theology Program Requirements: 48 Credit Hours

TYPICAL MTS-PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGY SEQUENCE (Part-Time Study)

FIRST YEAR

HT 601 Historical Theology............................................................................................. 3

HT 643 History and Theology of Wesleyan Holiness Pentecostal Movements...............3

NT 501 Pentecostal Exploration of the New Testament ……………………………..........3

OT 501 Pentecostal Exploration of the Old Testament................................................... 3

SA 801 Pentecostal Foundation for Christian Ministry and Study .................................. 3

SA 802 Community of Faith I .......................................................................................... 1

SA 803 Community of Faith II ................................... …………………………………...... 1

J-Term Electives.............................................................................................................. 3

Total Credit Hours First Year: 20

SECOND YEAR

BH 501 Biblical Hermeneutics or CF702 Inductive Bible Study....................................... 3

TS 602 Pentecostal Spirituality-Theology ....................................................................... 3

TS 603 Introduction to Christian Doctrine........................................................................ 3

HS 650 Church of God History and Polity or

HS 640 History of Holiness-Pentecostal Movement........................................................ 3

SA 804 Community of Faith III ........................................................................................ 1

SA 805 Community of Faith IV ....................................................................................... 1

J-Term Electives ............................................................................................................. 6

Total Credit Hours Second Year: 20

TS 689 MTS Capstone ................................................................................................... 1

Electives.......................................................................................................................... 7

Total Credit Hours Third Year: 8

Total MTS-Pentecostal Theology Program Requirements: 48 Credit Hours

MASTER OF THEOLOGICAL STUDIES - BIBLICAL STUDIES CONCENTRATION (60 Credit Hours)

The Master of Theological Studies (MTS) Biblical Studies

concentration is designed to give students an opportunity to acquire focused knowledge in the

specific discipline of Biblical Studies. The distinctive approach and contributions of the Pentecostal Theological Seminary in

the area of Biblical Studies, which has had a global impact within the Pentecostal tradition and within the broader discipline of Biblical Studies, are brought to bear in this degree concentration in an intentional way, offering candidates for this degree the opportunity to study and research at the intersection of Biblical Studies and Pentecostal theology.