References:

Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. Durham: Duke Classics, 2012. First published 1981 by Doubleday.

“‘Upton Sinclair Bares New Atrocities of Beef Trust.’” The Manning Times., June 6, 1906. https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn86063760/1906-06-06/ed-1

“Swift & Company’s Meat Packing House, Chicago, Illinois, ‘Splitting Backbones and Final Inspection of Hogs,’ 1910-1915." Google Arts & Culture. Accessed March 22, 2024. https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/swift-company-s-meat-packing-house-chicago-illinois-splitting- backbones-and-final-inspection-of-hogs-1910-1915-keystone-view-company/XQHjQ1CHl1antA?hl=en.  

“Photo of Workers and Hanging Meat.” Google Arts & Culture. Accessed March 22, 2024. https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/iAH5H_BxBZ82dQ?hl=en. 

“Swift Meats" Google Arts & Culture. Accessed March 22, 2024. https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/swift- meats/5QEtj2HXCwNo1g?hl=en.  

“Cuts of Meat on a Shelf." Google Arts & Culture. Accessed March 22, 2024. https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/bQExirNbhx4ODg?hl=en. 

“Swift Meats.” Google Arts & Culture. Accessed March 22, 2024. https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/swift-meats/7QFTpCbfXkLwhQ?hl=en. 

“Swift Meats.” Google Arts & Culture. Accessed March 22, 2024. https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/swift-meats/fQFdxPx9_tJmmw?hl=en. 

Historic American Buildings Survey, Creator. Commercial & Industrial Buildings, Swift & Company Meat Processing Plant, 698 White Street, Dubuque, Dubuque County, IA. Iowa Dubuque Dubuque County, 1933. Documentation Compiled After. Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/ia0305/. 

Strohmeyer & Wyman. Cutting up the hogs, Armour's great packing house, Chicago, U.S.A. Illinois Chicago, ca. 1893. New York, N.Y.: Strohmeyer & Wyman, publishers. Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/94511551/. 

Strohmeyer & Wyman. Chopping meat, sausage department, Armour's Chicago, U.S.A. = Picadero de carne, Departamento de salchichas, Gran casa de envase de Armour, Chicago, E.U. de A. Illinois Chicago, ca. 1893. New York, N.Y.: Strohmeyer & Wyman, publishers. Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2006689693/. 

Hart, D., & Bower, B. (2013). Uncovering Problems at the Turn of the Century. In History Alive! Pursuing American Ideals (pp. 180–193). Teachers’ Curriculum Institute.