Grammar & Spelling

IXL Grammar Site

Verbs

Helping Verbs

Helping Verbs Chart & Song (Thank you to www.English-Grammar-Revolution)

There are only 24 helping verbs. Use this chart and the lovely song at right to memorize them.

be am is are was

were been being have has had

could should would may might

must shall can will do did

does........................................................ having!

Some Verb Examples:

Action verb with no helping verb -- I ate five pizzas!

Helping verb helping and an action verb -- Now, my stomach will hurt for awhile.

Two helping verbs helping an action verb -- Actually, my stomach will be hurting for a few days.

When you have a helping verb along with an action verb, all of those verbs together are called a verb phrase.

Irregular Verbs and Past Participle

Irregular Verbs

Apostrophes:

Singular and Plural Possessive

Prepositions

Correct Use of Quotation Marks:

Quotes around dialogue is the most common use of quotation marks. We use quotes around direct quotations or a person's exact words. (This includes printed words or spoken words.) Remember:

1. Each set of direct quotes receives its own set of quotation marks.

2. Use a capital letter at the beginning of each direct quotation unless the quotation is only part of a sentence.

3. When quotations are interrupted mid-way through the sentence, do not begin the second part of the sentence with a capital letter.

4. When stating who is being quoted, use a comma after the dialogue tag and before the quotation marks.

5. When you are rephrasing a quoted passage, do not use quotation marks.

6. Each new direct quote begins a new paragraph even if it's short.

· David said, "I would rather go to the city on Friday night because they are having a great play in the park."

· David stated that he, "would rather go to the city on Friday night" because of a show in the park.

· "He loves to see plays," Jaymee said, "especially outside."

Greek and Latin Root Words (meanings and examples):

Root Words Prefixes Suffixes

Greek and Latin Roots meanings and examples

Prefix meanings and examples

Suffix meanings and examples

Spelling Rules for Suffixes

Suffixes Rules Chart

Suffix Spelling Rules (Another Way to Say the Same Thing)

For Most Words--Just add the Suffix (Rule #1, no spelling change)

Words Ending in Silent e (Rule #2, Drop the E)

Drop the final silent e before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. (have/having)
Keep the final silent e when adding a suffix that begins with a consonant. (late/lately)

Double the Final Consonant (Rule #3, Double the Guard)

Double the final consonant of a word that ends with a single vowel and consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. (get/getting)
Double the final consonant of a word that is accented on the final syllable and ends with a single vowel and consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. (permit/permitted)

Words Ending in y (Rule #4, Change the Y to an I, unless...)

Change the y to i when adding a suffix to words that end in consonant -y, unless the suffix begins with i. (try/tried)
Do not change the y to i when adding a suffix to words that end in vowel -y. (play/played)

Words Ending in y (Rule #5, When a word ends in: s, ss, sh, ch, x, z add es, not s)

Spelling Rules for Plurals:

Add s to most nouns to form plurals. (friend/friends)
(Rule # 5) Add es to nouns that end with s, ss, sh, ch, or x. (box/boxes, class/classes)
Change the y to i and add es to nouns that end in consonant -y. (country/countries)
Add s to nouns that end in vowel -y. (key/keys)
Change the f or fe to v and add es to some nouns that end in f or fe. (half/halves, knife/knives)
Some nouns change their spellings to form the plural. (foot/feet)
Some nouns are spelled the same for both singular and plural. (sheep)

Homophones:

They're, There, Their, Theirs, There's-- Internet Quiz by BetterEnglish.com

Too, Two, To--

It's Its--

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