Operating Principle:

 A disdrometer is an optical instrument which measures detailed precipitation data such as size distribution and velocity of falling hydrometeors as it falls through the two cameras.

• Advantage: Provide detailed information on precipitation characteristics 

• Disadvantage: Tends to underestimate rainfall amounts.

• Uncertainty: Particle breakup and wind effects can lead to uncertainties in hydrometeor interpretation data. 

Operating Principle:

A snowboard provides a standardized flat surface to obtain more accurate measurements of snow depth compared to grass or heated/slanted surfaces.

• Advantage: Provides a flat and unheated surface for accurate depth measurements.

• Disadvantage: Mainly local and unable to capture snowfall amounts in a larger region.

• Uncertainty: Wind redistribution of snow, uneven snow deposition, and melting and refreezing of snow can lead to uncertainties in the measurements.

Operating Principle:

A rain gauge operates by collecting and measuring the amount of precipitation that falls over a specific area. These instruments consist of a funnel that directs precipitation into a measuring cylinder or container. 

• Advantage: Rain gauges are simple and reliable.

• Disadvantage: It can easily be damaged or clogged.

• Uncertainty: Evaporation, wind, and splashing during heavy rainfall events can lead to underestimation of actual precipitation amounts.