Ontario secondary mathematics requires students to study three math courses throughout their work towards the Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD).
Grade 9 and 10 classes offer a general study of number sense, algebra, geometry, finance, coding and data management. These course are taken by all students working towards their OSSD.
Before entering grade 11, students will choose a math course based on the future goals. There are 4 separate courses for students to choose from. Descriptions are below the pathway diagram.
Before entering grade 12, students may choose to take a mathematics course. If they do choose to study mathematics they can choose their course based on their grade 11 course and their future goals. Descriptions are below the pathway diagram.
This course is taken by all students and studies the beginnings of the following topics:
Social and Emotional Skills
Number Sense
Algebra (mostly algebra as it pertains to linear relationships)
Data Management
Financial Mathematics
Coding
This course is taken by all students and builds upon the skills from grade 9. The grade 10 course takes a more focus examination of the following topics.
Social and Emotional Skills
Algebra - Quadratics
Geometry - Trigonometry & Analytic Geometry
MCR3U — Functions
This course introduces the concept of functions by extending students’ work with linear and quadratic relations, and adds deeper work with trigonometric and exponential functions, multiple representations, and multi-step problem solving.
Why take MCR3U:
Choose MCR3U if you’re aiming for university programs that require strong Grade 12 math, especially pathways that may include Advanced Functions (MHF4U), Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U), or Data Management (MDM4U). It’s the most abstract, more algebraic depth, and more focused on reasoning and communication.
MCF3M — Functions and Applications
This course develops key features of functions through quadratic, trigonometric, and exponential models, with a stronger emphasis on real-world applications. Students represent functions in multiple ways, simplify expressions, and solve equations and applied problems.
Why take MCF3M:
Choose MCF3M if you want a course that keeps many doors open, especially for college programs and some university pathways (often leading to MDM4U). It’s a strong fit for students who learn best through context, modeling, and applications, and who want practical math skills without the same level of abstract theory as MCR3U.
MBF3C — Foundations for College Mathematics
This course strengthens students’ understanding of math as a problem-solving tool through topics like algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and statistics, with strong connections to real-world contexts.
Why take MBF3C:
Choose MBF3C if you are planning for a college pathway and want math that is hands-on, practical, and directly useful. It’s especially helpful for students heading toward careers that use math in applied ways (construction, trades, business, health services, technology programs, etc.) and prepares students well for Grade 12 college-level math options.
MEL3E — Mathematics for Work and Everyday Life
This course focuses on everyday applications such as earning money, paying taxes, purchases, interest, and transportation/travel costs, while strengthening basic mathematical communication and problem solving.
Why take MEL3E:
Choose MEL3E if you want math that’s directly connected to real-life financial decisions and workplace situations. It’s a great match for students who benefit from learning math through practical tasks like budgeting, taxes, and real-world problem solving, and it supports confidence-building with math skills that matter immediately.
MHF4U — Advanced Functions
This course extends students’ understanding of functions, including polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions, plus rates of change and combining functions. It is designed to prepare students for a range of university programs, and supports students headed toward Calculus and Vectors.
MCV4U — Calculus and Vectors
This course builds on functions and rates of change and introduces deeper work with derivatives and vectors (including lines/planes in 3D), with applications to real-world modeling. It is intended for students planning careers in areas like science, engineering, economics, and other programs requiring first-year calculus/linear algebra.
MDM4U — Mathematics of Data Management
This course broadens students’ understanding of math related to managing data, including methods of organization and analysis, probability/statistics, and a culminating investigation. It’s especially relevant for students heading into business, social sciences, and humanities.
MAP4C — Foundations for College Mathematics
This course focuses on math needed for college, including measurement, geometry, trigonometry, data management, and personal finance, with an emphasis on interpretation and application.
MEL4E — Mathematics for Work and Everyday Life
This course extends workplace/everyday math through statistics, probability, budgeting, taxes, measurement, proportional reasoning, and applied geometry for design.