It is worth noticing that you can still find many traces on various architectures in Florence that reflect the colonial and Fascist past of Italy. There have always been debates about what to do with them. Even though many architectures are now being occupied for daily uses, some people suggest that they should be removed. Others argue that they should be kept as a remainder of the nation's past. Nevertheless, it is important for more people to remember this part of history by recognizing the Fascist elements on these architectures and infrastructures.

The first photo on the left shows a sewer with the name of Giovanni Berta, who was considered a martyr by the Fascist regime. There were many monuments, buildings, and streets named after him during the Fascist era. Though these traces of names were wiped out, there are still many sews with his names that can be found in the city. One of them is located at Borgo Santi Apostoli, as shown in the picture.

The second picture is La Palazza Reale di Santa Maria Novella, which was built in 1934-1935. This building carries a sleek Fascist-style. In the president hall, you can find paintings with militaristic elements, including Roman armor, eagle standard and other various armaments.

Read more about Architectures from Fascists era (Link here)

1.Classical operas by Donizetti, Verdi, Puccini, etc.

(Lucia di Lammermoor, Il trovatore, Tosca, etc.)

2.Performance by local orchestra (i.e. Orchestra della Toscana)

3. Explore more coming classical concert and opera at Florence: here

Museums are perfect places to explore art, science, and history of Florence. You can find Michelangelo's David in Galleria dell'Accademia, works of Raphael in Galleria Palatina, and sophisticated scientific instruments in Museo Galileo, etc.

Explore more museums in Florence: (Link here)

Museums and Exhibitions in Florence: (Link here)

After the foundation of modern Italy and before the defeat of the Italian Fascist Regime, anthropology, ethnology and eugenics flourished in Italy. At that time, these studies were considered rigid science and Italian scholars like Giustiniano Nicolucci, Paolo Montegazza, Giuseppe Sergi, etc. collected artifacts and skeletons of human beings from different continents and eras to study the physiological differences between different ethnic groups. Due to a rise in Italian nationalism, these studies were heavily involved with Italian Racism propaganda that promoted Italian people (either Mediterranean aborigines with African origin, or Aryan people ) as a superior race and debased others as inferior.

The Museum of Anthropology (and Ethnology) was founded by Montegazza himself, who proposed that Italian people are Sardinian people who had African origin, who were constantly invaded by Roman, German, Gothic people. In this museum, you are able to find collected artifacts from Asia, Africa and other parts of the world together with a large collection of skulls.

Explore more about Museo di Anthropologia (Link here)