The New York Declaration on Animal Consciousness
April 19, 2024 | New York University
The New York Declaration on Animal Consciousness
Which animals have the capacity for conscious experience? While much uncertainty remains, some points of wide agreement have emerged.
First, there is strong scientific support for attributions of conscious experience to other mammals and to birds.
Second, the empirical evidence indicates at least a realistic possibility of conscious experience in all vertebrates (including reptiles, amphibians, and fishes) and many invertebrates (including, at minimum, cephalopod mollusks, decapod crustaceans, and insects).
Third, when there is a realistic possibility of conscious experience in an animal, it is irresponsible to ignore that possibility in decisions affecting that animal. We should consider welfare risks and use the evidence to inform our responses to these risks.
The individual authors and signatories of this declaration are signing in their personal capacity and not on behalf of any institution or organization.
Kristin Andrews
Professor of Philosophy, York Research Chair in Animal Minds
York University
Jonathan Birch
Professor of Philosophy
London School of Economics and Political Science
Jeff Sebo
Associate Professor of Environmental Studies; Director of the Mind, Ethics, and Policy Program
New York University
Colin Allen
Distinguished Professor of Philosophy
University of California, Santa Barbara
Konstantin Anokhin
Professor, Institute for Advanced Brain Studies
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Andrew Barron
Professor, School of Natural Sciences; Director, the Macquarie Minds and Intelligences Initiative
Macquarie University
Culum Brown
Professor, School of Natural Sciences
Macquarie University
Gordon M. Burghardt
Alumni Distinguished Service Professor of Psychology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
David Chalmers
University Professor of Philosophy and Neural Science
New York University
Lars Chittka
Professor of Sensory and Behavioural Ecology
Queen Mary University of London
Nicola S. Clayton FRS
Professor of Comparative Cognition
University of Cambridge
Robyn Crook
Associate Professor of Biology
San Francisco State University
David B. Edelman
Visiting Scholar, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College
Senior Research Scientist, Association for Cephalopod Research (CephRes), Naples IT
Robert Elwood
Emeritus Professor of Animal Behaviour
Queen's University Belfast
Becca Franks
Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies
New York University
Matilda Gibbons
Postdoctoral Researcher, Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Martin Giurfa
Exceptional-Class Professor of Neurosciences
Sorbonne University
Peter Godfrey-Smith
Professor, School of History and Philosophy of Science
University of Sydney
Simona Ginsburg
Associate Professor of Neurobiology (Retired)
Open University of Israel
Stevan Harnad
Professor, Université du Québec à Montréal
Editor in Chief, Animal Sentience
Eva Jablonka
Emeritus Professor, History and Philosophy of Science
Tel Aviv University
Christof Koch
President and Chief Scientist
Allen Institute for Brain Science
Jon Mallatt
Clinical Professor, WWAMI Medical Education Program
University of Washington at the University of Idaho
Jennifer Mather
Professor of Psychology
University of Lethbridge
Noam Miller
Associate Professor of Psychology and Biology
Wilfrid Laurier University
Liad Mudrik
Professor, School Of Psychological Sciences
Tel Aviv University
Lucia Melloni
Research Professor of Neurology
New York University School of Medicine
Irene M. Pepperberg
Research Professor, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
Boston University
Diana Reiss
Professor of Psychology; Director of the Animal Behavior & Conservation MA Program
Hunter College
Alexandra Schnell
Research Fellow
University of Cambridge
Anil Seth
Professor of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience
University of Sussex
Anindya "Rana" Sinha
Professor of Animal Behaviour and Cognition
National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS)
MV (Srini) Srinivasan FRS
Emeritus Professor, Queensland Brain Institute
The University of Queensland
Narayanan Srinivasan
Professor, Department of Cognitive Science
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi
Scientist
Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysuru
Bruno van Swinderen
Professor, Queensland Brain Institute
The University of Queensland
Naotsugu Tsuchiya
Professor, School of Psychological Sciences
Monash University
Cleo Verkuijl
Scientist
Stockholm Environment Institute
Anna Wilkinson
Professor of Animal Cognition, Department of Life Sciences
University of Lincoln
Katrina Wyman
Wilf Family Professor of Property Law; Director of the Environmental and Energy Law LLM Program
New York University School of Law
Yossi Yovel
Associate Professor, School of Zoology, Sagol School of Neuroscience
Tel Aviv University
Peter Singer
Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics, University Center for Human Values
Princeton University
Meghan Barrett
Assistant Professor of Biology
Indiana University Indianapolis
Ralph Acampora
Associate Professor of Philosophy
Hofstra University
Gregory Tague
Former Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies
St. Francis College
Emma Curran
Postdoctoral Associate
Rutgers University
Maria José Hötzel
Professor, Department of Animal Science and Rural Development
Federal University of Santa Catarina
Kathie Jenni
Professor of Philosophy; Founding Director of Human-Animal Studies
University of Redlands
Oscar Horta
Associate Professor of Philosophy
University of Santiago de Compostela
Leonard Katz
Associate of the Department of Philosophy
Harvard University
Faraz Harsini
Chief Executive Officer
Allied Scholars for Animal Protection
Julio Penagos-Corzo
Professor, Department of Psychology
Universidad de las Américas Puebla
Andrew Knight
Veterinary Professor of Animal Welfare
Griffith University
François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont
Full Professor of Animal Behaviour
University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1
Manuel E. dos Santos
Associate Professor of Behavioral Biology
Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre-ISPA
Ana Cristina Ramírez Barreto
Professor, Philosophy of Culture
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Christiane Bailey
Researcher, Philosophy and Animal Ethics
Concordia University
Stacy Lopresti-Goodman
Professor of Psychology
Marymount University
Michael Pardo
Postdoctoral Fellow, K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics
Cornell Lab of Ornithology
Lucia Regolin
Full Professor, Animal Psychology and Animal Cognition, School of Psychology
University of Padova
Maristela Martins de Camargo
Associate Professor of Immunology
University of São Paulo
Jonathan Balcombe
Ethologist and Author
Former Director of Animal Sentience, Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy
Cynthia Schuck-Paim
Scientific Director
Center for Welfare Metrics
Simon Brown
Research Officer in Animal Sentience
London School of Economics and Political Science
Robert Biegler
Professor, Department of Psychology
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Ricardo Rozzi
Professor, Philosophy & Religion/Biological Sciences
University of North Texas
Amrita Narlikar
Honorary Fellow, Darwin College
University of Cambridge
Siiri Tarrikas
Junior Researcher in Semiotics and Culture Studies
University of Tartu
Irina Frasin
Senior Researcher in Anthrozoology
Gheorghe Zane Economic and Social Research Institute
Danielle Free
Animal Behaviourist
Marwell Wildlife
Gerard de Melo
Professor of Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems
Hasso Plattner Institute / University of Potsdam
Juliana Dániel-Ferreira
Researcher, Ecology
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Elodie F. Briefer
Associate Professor, Ecology and Evolution
University of Copenhagen
Ulrich Pfeffer
Head of the Functional Genomics Lab
San Martino Hospital, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa
Maarten Reesink
Senior lecturer in Animal Studies
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Patrizia d'Ettorre
Exceptional-Class Professor in Ethology
University Sorbonne Paris Nord
Sarah Skeels-Jungius
Postdoctoral Research Assistant, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
Guiomar Rotllant
Senior Researcher, Physiology and Reproduction of Crustaceans
Institut de Ciències del Mar
Per Jensen
Professor of Ethology
Linköping University
G. William Farthing
Emeritus Professor of Psychology
University of Maine
Kendra Coulter
Professor of Management and Organizational Studies; Coordinator of Animal Ethics and Sustainability Leadership
Huron University College at Western University
Eva Bernet Kempers
Postdoctoral Researcher, Faculty of Law
University of Antwerp
Israel Gannot
Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Tel-Aviv University
Serrin Rutledge-Prior
Research Fellow, Crawford School of Public Policy
Australian National University
Paul J.E. Dekker
Universitair Docent, Department of Philosophy
University of Amsterdam
Guy Baldwin
Lecturer in Public Law and Human Rights
University of Manchester
Geraldine Werhahn
Research Associate, Wildlife Conservation Research Unit
University of Oxford
Eze Paez
Professor of Philosophy of Law
Pompeu Fabra University
Martijn Egas
Associate Professor Evolution and Behaviour, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences
University of Groningen
Simon Fitzpatrick
Associate Professor of Philosophy
John Carroll University
Wolfgang Slany
Professor of Computer Science
Graz University of Technology
Marie Genevieve Guiraud
Post-Doctoral Fellow in Neuro-Cognition
Macquarie University
Orlando Arguello-Miranda
Assistant Professor, Plant and Microbial Biology Department, Miranda Lab
North Carolina State University
Annabelle Dufourcq
Associate Professor of Metaphysics and Philosophical Anthropology
Radboud University
David J. Menor-Campos
Veterinary Behaviourist, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery
University of Cordoba
Sacha Vignieri
Deputy Editor
Science
Michael Mendl
Professor of Animal Behaviour and Welfare; Senior Vice Lead of the BBSRC Animal Welfare Research Network
University of Bristol
Shereen Chang
Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Philosophy
York University
Matthew Liebman
Associate Professor and Chair of the Justice for Animals Program
University of San Francisco School of Law
Allan Leslie Combs
Professor Emeritus of Psychology
University of North Carolina- Asheville
Matthew W. Perry
Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Ethics and Social & Political Philosophy
University of British Columbia
Fay Clark
Lecturer in Psychological Science
University of Bristol
Geoffrey Barstow
Associate Professor
Oregon State University
Luís A. Nunes Amaral
Erastus Otis Haven Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Northwestern University
Joshua Russell
Professor of Animal Behavior, Ecology, Conservation, & Anthrozoology
Canisius University
Andrej Elzanowski
Professor of Liberal Arts
University of Warsaw
Inbal Ben-Ami Bartal
Assistant Professor of Psychobiology and Neuroscience
Tel-Aviv University
Charles Beasley
Postdoctoral Research Fellow
LUISS in Rome
Dorna Behdadi
Lecturer of Philosophy, Linguistics & Theory of Science
University of Gothenburg
Heather Browning
Lecturer in Philosophy
University of Southampton
Lucius Caviola
Senior Research Fellow
University of Oxford
Stephen R. L. Clark
Emeritus Professor of Philosophy
University of Liverpool
Andrew Crump
Lecturer in Animal Cognition & Welfare
Royal Veterinary College
Mike Dacey
Associate Professor and Chair of Philosophy
Bates College
Nicolas Delon
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
College of Charleston
Leonard Dung
Postdoctoral Researcher at the Centre for Philosophy and AI Research
University Erlangen-Nürnberg
Nathan Faivre
Research Director, National Centre for Scientific Research
Université Grenoble Alpes
Andrew Fenton
Associate Professor of Philosophy
Dalhousie University
Josh A. Firth
Associate Professor of Behavioural Ecology
University of Leeds, UK
Bob Fischer
Associate Professor of Philosophy
Texas State University
Brian Glenney
Associate Professor of Philosophy
Norwich University
Cleo Grieve
Postgraduate Researcher, Institute of Aquaculture
University of Stirling
Jes Lynning Harfeld
Associate Professor, Department of Culture and Learning, Centre for Applied Philosophy
Aalborg University
Avram Hiller
Associate Professor of Philosophy
Portland State University
Kristina M. Horback
Associate Professor, Applied Ethology
University of California, Davis
Colin Jerolmack
Professor of Environmental Studies and Sociology
New York University
L. Syd M Johnson
Associate Professor, Center for Bioethics & Humanities
Upstate Medical University
Angelica Kaufmann
Post Doctoral Researcher, Department of Philosophy
University of Milan
Barbara J. King
Professor Emerita of Anthropology
William & Mary
Johannes Kleiner
Postdoctoral Researcher, Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
Mirjam Knörnschild
Professor of Evolutionary Ethology
Humboldt University of Berlin
Michael J. Kuba
Assistant Professor of Zoology
Department of Biology
University of Naples Federico II
Lori Marino
Adjunct Professor, Animal Studies
New York University
Antonio J. Osuna Mascaró
Postdoctoral Biologist, Goffin Lab, Messerli Research Institute
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
Georgia Mason
Professor of Integrative Biology, Col. K. L. Campbell University Chair in Animal Welfare,
Director of the Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare
University of Guelph
Josh Milburn
Lecturer in Political Philosophy, Department of International Relations, Politics and History
Loughborough University
Albert Newen
Full professor of Philosophy
Institut für Philosophie II Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Leanne Proops
Associate Professor in Animal Behaviour and Welfare
University of Portsmouth
Michael J. Renner
Professor of Biology, Psychology, and Environmental Science
Drake University
Luke Roelofs
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
University of Texas, Arlington
Nissa Rudh
Fish Biologist, NOAA Fisheries
U.S. Department of Commerce
Carl Sachs
Associate Professor of Philosophy
Marymount University
Mark Sainsbury
Jesse H. Jones Professor in Liberal Arts
University of Texas at Austin
Murray Shanahan
Professor of Cognitive Robotics
Imperial College London
Henry Shevlin
Associate Director, Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence
University of Cambridge
Adam Shriver
The Harkin Institute for Public Policy and Citizen Engagement
Drake University
Toni Sims
Researcher in Mind, Ethics, and Policy
New York University
Martyna Stachaczyk
Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Philosophy Logic and Scientific Method
London School of Economics
Morten Tønnessen
Professor of Philosophy
University of Stavanger, Norway
Antonella Tramacere
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
RomaTre University
Cameron Rouse Turner
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Computational Cognitive Science Lab
Princeton University
Walter Veit
Lecturer in Philosophy
University of Reading
Elly Vintiadis
Associate Lecturer, Philosophy
The American College of Greece
Paul A. Locke
Professor, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
João Luís Vargas de Almeida Saraiva
Researcher, Center of Marine Sciences
University of Algarve
Luc Delannoy
Director
Instituto de Neuroartes
Sérgio Henrique Faria
Ikerbasque Research Professor, Director of the IzotzaLab
Basque Centre for Climate Change
Amy Dickman
Director of the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit
University of Oxford
William Wood
Staff Scientist, Helen Wills Neuroscience Department
University of California, Berkeley
Wladimir J. Alonso
Executive Director and Researcher
Center for Welfare Metrics
John M. Jermier
Professor of Organizational Behavior, Muma College of Business
University of South Florida
Ali Boyle
Assistant Professor Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method
The London School of Economics and Political Science
Rafael Ruiz de Lira
PhD Candidate, Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method
The London School of Economics and Political Science
Daniel S. Mills
Professor of Veterinary Behavioural Medicine
University of Lincoln
David N. Fisher
Lecturer, The School of Biological Sciences
University of Aberdeen
Beth Ventura
Senior Lecturer, Department of Life Sciences
University of Lincoln
Brigitte Baptiste
President
Universidad EAN
Robin L. Zebrowski
Professor of Cognitive Science
Beloit College
Heide Island
Professor, Comparative Animal Behavior and Neuroscience
Pacific University
Robert Kentridge
Professor, Psychology Department
Durham University
Lindsey D. Goodman
Postdoctoral Associate, Duncan Neurological Research Institute
Baylor College of Medicine
Luigi Baciadonna
Research Fellow, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine
Sorbonne University
Catherine Hobaiter
Reader Origins of Mind, School of Psychology
University of St Andrews
Carrie Figdor
Professor, Department of Philosophy and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
University of Iowa
Susana Monsó
Associate Professor, Department of Logic, History, and Philosophy of Science
Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
Hugh R. Wilson
Professor Emeritus, Centre for Vision Research, Department of Biology, and Department of Psychology
York University
Francesco Ellia
Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Sciences for Quality of Life
University of Bologna
Efrén Álvarez Salvado
Scientist, Department of Integrative Biology
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Anastassia Depauld
Professor of Philosophy
Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf
Oliver H. P. Burman
Professor in Animal Behaviour, Cognition, and Welfare
University of Lincoln
Karen McComb
Emeritus Professor of Animal Behaviour & Cognition
University of Sussex
Holly Root-Gutteridge
Postdoctoral Research Fellow
University of Lincoln
Claudia Passos Ferreira
Assistant Professor of Bioethics
New York University
Elizabeth Paul
Senior Lecturer
University of Bristol
Helen Lambert
Animal Welfare Scientist
Animal Welfare Consultancy
Giorgio Vallortigara
Professor of Neuroscience and Animal Cognition, Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences
University of Trento
Kurt Sladky
Clinical Professor of Zoological Medicine
University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine
Eva Read
PhD Candidate, Foundations of Animal Sentience (ASENT) Project
London School of Economics
Kathrin Herrmann
Animal Welfare Scientist, Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
The Animal Protection Commissioner of Berlin, Senate Department for the Justice & Consumer Protection
David DeGrazia
Elton Professor of Philosophy
George Washington University
Kristina Zeljic
Neurobiologist and Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Queen Mary University of London
Thomas Metzinger
Professor Emeritus, Philosophy Department
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Vittoria Elliott
Science Director and Research Associate
Wild Animal Welfare Initiative and Smithsonian Institution
Kristy Ferraro
PhD candidate, School of the Environment
Yale University
Linda Keeling
Professor, Animal Welfare
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Ben Bradley
Sutton Professor of Philosophy
Syracuse University
Sergio Dellavalle
Professor of Public Law and State Theory
Department of Law, University of Turin
Ruth C. Newberry
Professor of Ethology
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Nico Blüthgen
Professor of Ecology
Technical University of Darmstadt
Mark Benecke
Director
International Forensic Research
Giorgio F. Gilestro
Senior Lecturer, Department of Life Sciences
Imperial College London
Anna Di Cosmo
Full Professor of Zoology and Ethology, Department of Biology
University of Naples Federico II
Serpil Oppermann
Professor of Environmental Humanities
Cappadocia University
Harald Schliemann
Professor Emeritus of Zoology
University of Hamburg
Ralf-Rainer Piesold
Professor, Administrative Informatics and Computer Sciences
Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences
Philippa Brakes
Research Fellow
Whale and Dolphin Conservation
Daniel Hui
PhD Candidate, Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology
University of Pennsylvania
Becky Hansis-O’Neill
PhD Candidate, Dunlap Lab, Biology Department
University of Missouri-St.Louis
Claudia Wascher
Associate Professor, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering
Anglia Ruskin University
Tony Cheng
Associate Professor, Waseda Institute of Advanced Study
Waseda University
Fabian Ritter
President; Director of Research
M.E.E.R. e.V. Berlin
Alfredo F. Ojanguren
Assistant Professor of Zoology
Universidad de Oviedo
Joanna Pijanowska
Full Professor in Biological Sciences
University of Warsaw
Lena Lindström
Postdoctoral Researcher
Umeå University
Aimee Dunlap
Associate Professor, Biology
University of Missouri, Saint Louis
Emilio Pagani-Núñez
Lecturer in Ecology and Conservation, Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science
Edinburgh Napier University
Véronique Servais
Professor of Anthropology
University of Liege
Caio Maximino
Assistant Professor of Behavioral Neuroscience
Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará
Xareni P. Pacheco
Research Professor, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
Andrzej Elzanowski
Professor of Vertebrate Zoology
University of Warsaw
Mark Solms
Director of Neuropsychology, Neuroscience Institute
University of Cape Town
Jeff Karp
Distinguished Chair
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Kathy Hessler
Asst. Dean, Animal Law
Director, Animal Legal Education Initiative
The George Washington University Law School
Anna Kathleen Garr
Ph.D. Candidate, Integrated Program of Neuroscience
McGill University
Frania Shelley-Grielen
MA Animal Behavior
Hunter College
Alex Putzer
UN Harmony with Nature Expert, Fulbright-Schuman Scholar in Rights of Urban Natures
New York University
Elisa Pasquini
PhD Student, Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences
University of Trento
Lisa Yon
Associate Professor in Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
University of Nottingham
Christopher Bryant
Director
Bryant Research
James Clark Ross
PhD Candidate, Philosophy
University of Southampton
Nitin Sekar
Conservation Scientist
IUCN Asian Elephant Specialist Group
Samuel Clark
Senior Lecturer in Philosophy
Lancaster University
Heather Bacon
Dean of School of Veterinary Medicine
University of Central Lancashire
Christopher Fields
Scientist, Allen Discovery Center
Tufts University
Yogi Hendlin
Assistant Professor
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Ignacio Cea
Research Associate
Temuco Catholic University - Chile
Friedrich Glauner
Permanent Fellow at the Global Ethic Institute
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
Léa Lansade
Senior Researcher
National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment
Christiane Bailey
Researcher in Philosophy and Animal Ethics; Coordinator of the Social Justice Centre
Concordia University
Michael Friedman
Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Math and Science
Pratt Institute
Cebuan Bliss
Postdoctoral researcher, Environmental Governance and Politics Chairgroup
Radboud University
Sonja Hillemacher
PhD Student, Institute of Agricultural Engineering
University of Bonn
Renee Ye
PhD Candidate, Philosophy
Ruhr-Universität, Bochum
Lisa (Skinher) Pytka
Research Assistant, MD Anderson Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research
The University of Texas
Jenny Lorraine Nielsen
Doctoral Candidate Philosophy of Science
University of Kansas
Anna Majury
Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences
Queen’s University
T. Erhan Cosan
Medical Faculty; Institute of Neurological Sciences
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir (Turkey)
Laura Scherer
Associate Professor, Institute of Environmental Sciences
Leiden University
Emma Vitikainen
Adjunct Professor, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology
University of Helsinki
Tobias Salden
PhD Candidate, ZFMK Bonn, Hymenoptera Section
Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change
Carlos Naranjo
Director
Colegio de Ciencias del Comportamiento
Bernice Bovenkerk
Associate Professor of Animal and Environmental Ethics
Wageningen University
Dale Jamieson
Director, Center for Environmental and Animal Protection; Emeritus Professor of Environmental Studies and Philosophy
New York University
Alexandra Horowitz
Senior Research Fellow and Adjunct Associate Professor
Barnard College
Vikas O'Reilly-Shah
Director, Center for Pain and Perioperative initiatives in Quality Safety and Outcomes
University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Hospital
Marcin Urbaniak
Associate Professor of Cognitive Science
University of the National Education Commission
Krzysztof Miler
Professor of the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals
Polish Academy of Sciences
Sibylle Wenzel
State Animal Welfare Officer; Specialist Veterinarian Animal Welfare
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
Roi Mandel (Mandel-Briefer)
Assistant Professor of Animal Welfare
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen
Dvija Mehta
Researcher, Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence
University of Cambridge
Enrique Font
Professor of Ethology
University of Valencia
Don Drake
Professor, School of Life Sciences
University of Hawaiʻi
Brenda de Groot
PhD student, Department of Anthropology
University of California, Los Angeles
Nicola Khan
Senior Lecturer in Animal Science; School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences
Nottingham Trent University
Walter Sanchez-Suarez
Animal Behavior and Welfare Scientist
Mercy For Animals
Signatures: 288