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The slides below have enlarged versions of a revised phonemic inventory (that also includes syntax and morphology) inclusive of most Latin American varieties of Españoles. Also tables on how indigenous and Black varieties have influenced some Spanishes are included. A pdf version of the table can be found HERE
Phonology
Phonology
INFLUENCE OF BLACK and TAINO LANGUAGING ON CARIBBEAN SPANISHES:
Dominican Spanish is a Caribbean variety of Spanish, is based on the Andalusian and Canarian Spanish dialects of southern Spain, and has influences from English, African languages, Taíno and other Arawakan languages.
Note: “à” indicates “X substitutes Y.” “Ø” suggests omission. “h” suggests aspiration
Important - do not assume everyone who identifies as 'first generation' Dominican or Puerto Rican is going to have these features in their languaging. Use the phonetic inventory approach to gather data about what their productions are via an independent analysis whereby you gather a phonetic/phonotactic sample of the individuals' production without comparing to a target that is standardized
Syntax
Syntax
Morphology
Morphology
semantics
semantics
Resource: Alba, O. (2004). Cómo Hablamos los Dominicanos? Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Grupo León Jimenes
Additional Helpful Resources
Older version of Phonemic inventory
Website w/ recorded pronunciations of phonemes in Spanish
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