access period: period of time during which a youth record is open for viewing by authorized persons
custody: youth criminal sentence that confines a youth within a controlled facility
extrajudicial sanctions: when a young offender participates in community-based programs instead of court to make amends for a crime
incapacity of children: the legal presumption that a child under 12 cannot form mens rea to commit a crime
juvenile delinquent: historical definition (from Juvenile Delinquents Act - 1908) of child between 6-18 years old who committed crimes, were unmanageable, or sexually immoral
open custody: youth criminal sentence requiring youth to spend certain amount of time in a group home or wilderness camp
secure custody: youth criminal sentence where youth are incarcerated in a youth detention facility
training schools: historical custody facilities (from Juvenile Delinquents Act - 1908) that provide discipline and vocational instruction for juvenile offenders
young offender: historical definition (from Young Offenders Act - 1984) of someone between 12-18 years of age who breaks a criminal law
youth criminal record: any document that connects a youth to a criminal case under the YCJA
youth sentence: criminal sentence imposed on a young person that takes into consideration the principles involved in sentencing a person under 18
youth worker: person appointed to keep track of a youth’s progress in the community following a criminal matter
Blair, A., Costiniuk, W., Moles, G., O’Malley, L., & Wasserman, A. (2009). Law in Action - Understanding Canadian Law (2nd Ed.). Pearson.
Canadian Youth Justice Legislation - A Chronology. August 5, 2024. Department of Justice Canada. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/cj-jp/yj-jj/tools-outils/sheets-feuillets/pdf/yjc-jaac.pdf
Gibson , D.L., Murphy, T.G., Jarman, F.E., & Grant, D. (2003). All About Law (5th Ed.). Thomson Nelson.
The Youth Criminal Justice Act Summary & Background. August 5, 2024. Department of Justice Canada. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/cj-jp/yj-jj/tools-outils/back-hist.html
Youth Criminal Justice Act. August 5, 2024. Justice Education Society. https://ycja.ca/youth-justice/youth-criminal-justice-act
Youth Criminal Justice Act. August 9, 2023. Justice Laws Website. Government of Canada. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/Y-1.5/index.html
Youth Criminal Justice Act - Conferences. August 5, 2024. Department of Justice Canada. https://youtu.be/hD_BNFcW5cc
Youth Criminal Justice Act - Extrajudicial Measures. August 5, 2024. Department of Justice Canada. https://youtu.be/N1AINgZVvxg
Youth Criminal Justice Act - Principles. August 5, 2024. Department of Justice Canada. https://youtu.be/QIUeMgH0HrQ
Youth Criminal Justice Act - Publication Bans. August 5, 2024. Department of Justice Canada. https://youtu.be/LX2ZM8irnsU
Youth Criminal Justice Act - Reintegration. August 5, 2024. Department of Justice Canada. https://youtu.be/2giBQyNAweY
Youth Criminal Justice Act - Youth Court. August 5, 2024. Department of Justice Canada. https://youtu.be/x-od9S_q0Ks