During The Spanish Rule 

Spanish Era

When the Spaniards arrived, they introduced European technologies that merged with indigenous practices. The plow drawn by carabao revolutionized local agriculture by increasing farming efficiency in lowland rice fields.

In architecture, the Spaniards built grand stone churches, forts, schools, bridges, and government buildings, introducing masonry, brick-making, and lime cement construction. Local workers blended this with indigenous bamboo scaffolding and nipa thatching in rural areas.

Spanish colonial rule also initiated galleon shipbuilding, adapting indigenous boatbuilding knowledge to create large vessels for the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade, connecting the Philippines with Mexico and Spain, boosting global trade for over 250 years.

In weaving, Spanish techniques of loom weaving merged with native backstrap weaving methods, expanding textile production for clothing, blankets, and trade goods. Formal education was also introduced, focusing on Spanish language and religion, but access was mostly limited to Spanish families and Filipino elites.