In-Text Citations

Every time you use someone else's idea or thought, you must cite them in the text of your paper, this is called an IN-TEXT CITATION.

General Format: Use if your source does NOT have page numbers

• Author's last name enclosed in parentheses. Put the period after the in-text citation.

  • Example: (Smith).

  • No Author:

    • Use 1st important word of article title and put into quotation marks

      • Example: ("First").

• REMINDER: In-text citations are included as a part of your sentence, the period goes AFTER the in-text citation

Examples:

Direct Quote: enclose the quote in quotation marks "   " and then add the in-text citation followed by a period.

• • "Most babies are not being vaccinated and this is resulting in more cases of whooping cough" (Stein).

Paraphrase

• • Last winter was very mild, people are worried that this will be the worst one winter in years (Turtle).

No Author Given

• • "Instead of candidates spreading lies about each other, perhaps they should be more focused on the issues at hand" ("Presidents").

2 Authors

• (Smith and Barkley).

3 or more Authors - List the first author followed by et al.

• (Smith et al.).

Information from a person or organization referenced in an article

• "'quoted sentence'"(qtd. in Last name).

  • Use your source in the in-text citation - add qtd. in beforehand

  • You must also introduce the original author in the beginning of your sentence

    • EXAMPLE:

    • According to a study conducted by Susan Smith "'quoted sentence'"(qtd. in Andrews).

• when using a quoted sentence in your paper do the quotes the following away:

  • "'quoted sentence'" big quotes, then single quotes  - single quotes, the big quotes 

Personal Interview

• Put the last name of the person being interviewed in the in-text citation

• Example: (Madison).

General Format: Use if your source DOES have page numbers

• Author's last name followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. Separate author and page or paragraph number with a space.  Put the period after the in-text citation.

  • • Example: (Hubbard par. 5).

• If there is no author listed, use the first word (or words) of the article title.  Put the title in quotation marks. Put the period after the in-text citation.

  • • Example with page number: ("School" 5).