Phonograms
26 Single-Letter Phonograms
Video: https://youtu.be/vVxP7jDqVJg
Notes: These are not in alphabetical order. Instead, they are listed in the order they are taught which is based on handwriting skills. When you are giving the sounds for consonants, be careful to not add any vowel sounds afterwards. For example, the letter 'd' is not pronounced "duh".
a Say: /a/, /ay/, /aw/ (at, table, water)
c Say: /k/, /s/ (cat, city)
d Say: /d/ (dog)
f Say: /f/ (fun)
g Say: /g/, /j/ (girl, change)
o Say: /aw/, /oh/, /oo/ (on, total, do)
s Say: /s/, /z/ (son, has)
qu Say: /kw/ (quiet)
b Say: /b/ (baby)
e Say: /eh/, /ee/ (let, be)
h Say: /h/ (hat)
i Say: /ih/, /eye/, /ee/ (it, find, ski)
j Say: /j/ (jump)
k Say: /k/ (kite)
l Say: /l/ (lamp)
m Say: /m/ (map)
n Say: /n/ (no)
p Say: /p/ (pony)
r Say: /r/ (run)
t Say: /t/ (top)
u Say: /uh/, /you/, /oo/, /ouh/ (hut, music, rule, put)
v Say: /v/ (vase)
w Say: /w/ (wait)
x Say: /ks/ (box)
y Say: /y/, /ih/, /eye/, /ee/ (yet, Egypt, my, funny)
z Say: /z/ (zoo)
43 Multiple-Letter Phonograms
Video: https://youtu.be/ZwyI2h0TfBU
er Say: /er/ the /er/ of her (person)
ir Say: /er/ the /er/ of first (stir)
ur Say: /er/ the /er/ of nurse (hurt)
wor Say: /er/ the /er/ of works [Note: We don't pronounce the 'w' with the phonogram, although you would in the word. "Or" only says /er/ when it comes right after the "bully w".] (worm)
ear Say: /er/ the /er of early (learn)
sh Say: /sh/ two-letter /sh/ (ship)
ee Say: /ee/ double-e always says /ee/ (seen)
th Say: /th/, /tthh/ (think, that)
ay Say: /ay/ two-letter /ay/ that we DO use at the end of English words (day)
ai Say: /ay/ two-letter /ay/ that we do NOT use at the end of English words (gain)
ow Say: /ow/, /oh/ cow, slow (cow, slow)
ou Say: /ow/, /oh/, /oo/, /uh/ (mouse, soul, soup, touch)
oy Say: /oy/ two-letter /oy/ that we DO use at the end of English words (toy)
oi Say: /oy/ two-letter /oy/ that we do NOT use at the end of English words (coin)
aw Say: /aw/ two-letter /aw/ that we DO use at the end of English words (saw)
au Say: /aw/ two-letter /aw/ that we do NOT use at the end of English words (haul)
ew Say: /ew/, /you/ (grew, few)
ui Say: /oo/, /you/ fruit in a suit (fruit, suit)
oo Say: /oo/, /uh/, oh/ (food, book, door)
ch Say: /ch/, /k/, /sh/ (child, school, chef)
ng Say: /ng/ (sing)
ea Say: /ee/, /eh/, /ay/ (eat, deaf, break)
ar Say: /ar/ me mateys! [We say it like pirates.] (car)
ck Say: /k/ two-letter /k/ used after a single vowel sound (back)
ed Say: /ed/, /d/, /t/, past tense ending (traded, hopped, baked)
or Say: /or/ (for)
wh Say: /w/ with a feather (when)
oa Say: /oh/ the /oh/ of boat (goal)
ey Say: /ay/ the /ay/ of they, /ee/ the /ee/ of key; They will get the key. (obey, money)
ei Say: /ee/ the /ee/ of ceiling, /ay/ the /ay/ of veil, /ih/ the /ih/ of forfeit (either, reign, foreign)
ie Say: /ee/ the /ee/ of field, /I/ the /I/ of pie (brownie, tie)
igh Say: /I/ three-letter /I/ (high)
eigh Say: /ay/ four-letter /ay/ (neighbor)
kn Say: /n/ two-letter /n/ that we only use at the beginning of English base words (know)
gn Say: /n/ two-letter /n/ that we use anywhere in English base words (sign)
wr Say: /r/ two-letter /r/ (write)
ph Say: /f/ two-letter /f/ (phone)
dge Say: /j/ three-letter /j/ (edge)
oe Say: /oh/ the /oh/ of toe (doe)
tch Say: /ch/ three-letter /ch/ (catch)
ti Say: /sh/ tall-letter /sh/ (motion)
si Say: /sh/, /zh/ (mansion, explosion)
ci Say: /sh/ short-letter /sh/ (social)
ough Say: /oh/, /oo/, /uff/, /off/ /aw/, /ow/ [We sing it as a conga.] (though, through, rough, cough, bought, bough)
21 Rare Phonograms
Video: https://youtu.be/EyYK0UmRmWA
eu Say: Rare /you/, two-letter /you/ spelled with an E-U as in Europe
pn Say: Rare /n/, two-letter /n/ spelled with a P-N as in pneumonia
rh Say: Rare /r/, two-letter /r/ spelled with an R-H as in rhinoceros
qu Say: Rare /k/, two-letter /k/ spelled with a Q-U as in mosquito
x Say: Rare /z/, one-letter /z/ spelled with an X as in xylophone
gh Say: Rare /g/, two-letter /g/ spelled with a G-H as in ghost, wooooo!
tu Say: Rare /ch/, one-letter /ch/ spelled with a T, also followed by a U as in virtue
ce Say: Rare /sh/, two-letter /sh/ spelled with a C-E as in ocean
gu Say: Rare /g/, /gw/, two-letter /g/, /gw/ spelled with a G-U as in Guinevere, I guess
augh Say: Rare /aw/, four-letter /aw/ spelled with an A-U-G-H; also the /aff/ in laugh
gi Say: Rare /j/, two-letter /j/ spelled with a G-I as in religion
our Say: Rare /er/, three-letter /er/ spelled with an O-U-R; /er/ the /er/ of journey
xi Say: Rare /ksh/, two-letter /ksh/ spelled with an X-I as in anxious
cu Say: Rare /k/, two-letter /k/ spelled with a C-U as in biscuit
aigh Say: Rare /ay/, four-letter /ay/ spelled with an A-I-G-H as in straight
su Say: Rare /sh/, /zh/, one-letter /sh/, /zh/ spelled with an S, also followed by a U as in sure, treasure!
sc Say: Rare /s/. two-letter /s/ spelled with an S-C as in science
ssu Say: Rare /sh/, two-letter /sh/ spelled with an S-S, also followed by a U as in (achoo!) tissue
ge Say: Rare /j/, two-letter /j/ spelled with a G-E as in pigeon
di Say: Rare /j/, two-letter /j/ spelled with a D-I as in soldier
ti Say: Rare /ch/, /zh/, two-letter /ch/, /zh/ spelled with a T-I as in question, equation?