Operating System Related

NOOBS:

NOOBS is a way to make setting up a Raspberry Pi for the first time much, much easier. You won’t need network access, and you won’t need to download any special imaging software.

Raspbian:

Raspbian is the Raspberry Pi Foundation’s official supported operating system. You can install it with NOOBS or download the image and follow the installation guide.

Etcher:

Etcher is a graphical SD card writing tool that works on Mac OS, Linux and Windows.

Win32diskimager:

Kind of like Etcher but also gives you the ability to read or back up your SD card. This is important because SD cards have a limited number of write cycles (you can find info here about SD card endurance or lifespan).

7-Zip:

If you donwload just about anything on the web you need some way to extract compressed zip files. Windows does provide a basic zip extracting tool but 7-Zip is better.

Python/Coding

Anaconda:

An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and package manager.

Circuit Design/Analysis

Fritzing:

Fritzing is an open source initiative to develop amateur or hobby CAD software for the design of electronics hardware, to support designers and artists ready to move from experimenting with a prototype to building a more permanent circuit.

TinkerCAD:

Tinkercad is a free, easy-to-use app for 3D design, electronics, and coding. It's used by teachers, kids, hobbyists, and designers to imagine, design, and make anything! One cool thing you can do is simulate how your code runs on an Arduino device.

Circuit Sandbox & falstad

Simulate AC and DC circuits