Drones: Today, there is a growing need for flying drones with diverse capabilities for both civilian and military applications. There is also a significant interest in the development of novel drones, which can autonomously fly in different environments and locations and can perform various missions. In the past decade, the broad spectrum of applications of these drones has received a great deal of attention, which led to the invention of a large variety of drones of different sizes and weights. Depending on the flight missions of the drones, the size and type of installed equipment are different. Considerable advantages afforded by the drones have led to a myriad of studies focusing on the optimization and enhancement of the drone’s performances. According to the mentioned characteristics, drones benefit from the potential to carry out the variety of operations, including reconnaissance, patrolling, protection, transportation of loads, and aerology. They can carry various sensors: visual, acoustic, chemical, and biological.
Drones often vary widely in their configurations depending on the platform and mission. Drones can perform both outdoor and indoor missions in very challenging environments. The applications of drones can be categorized into different ways. It can be based on the type of missions (military/civil), type of the flight zones (outdoor/indoor), and type of the environments (underwater/on the water/ground/air/space).