5 Components of Reading Instruction
Beginning with the National Reading Panel report in 2000, there is clear evidence that points to five essential components of reading instruction: phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension.
Phonemic awareness is a subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes.
Phonics is correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system.
Vocabulary refers to the words we must understand to communicate effectively.
Fluency is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with expression.
Reading comprehension is the ability to process text, understand its meaning, and to integrate it with what the reader already knows.