For my CARS project, I chose to focus on classroom libraries. How can teachers build them, and why are they essential? As an early childhood/childhood education major, this is very important to me as soon I will have a classroom of my own, and I want to be informed on how to build one and make it the best it can be for my students. I looked at all grade levels and different types of research to get a well-rounded understanding of what a classroom library is. According to educator and curriculum specialist Carrie Santo-Thomas in “Curating a Classroom Library as the Heart of a Safe Space,” “If we approach our collection as opportunities to affirm the readers who are already in the space, we build far more than a library, we build a little home within a big school.” Research shows that classroom libraries are an essential part of a child’s experience in school and how they get exposed to books. In this panel discussion, I hope to showcase my work-in-progress project on how having these spaces in the classroom can help spark interest in reading and build reading confidence in students while creating a space in which students thrive.

keywords:  Education, Classrooms, Libraries

For my project, I am conducting research on how the inclusion of diverse children's literature has a powerful impact on students in kindergarten through second grade. From an early age children start to notice the things around them and the vast diversity of our world. In children’s literature they should have the same exposure to diversity. Children's literature has grown to become more diverse but there are still groups that are lacking representation. While conducting research I will be looking at a wide range of different sources, conducting interviews, and focusing on prime examples of diverse children’s literature. Some of the books that are being considered for this project are but not limited to All are Welcome, Ben's Great Adventure, The Name Jar, and The Last Stop on Market Street. These books are being considered for this project due to the wide range of diversity they represent and how they promote inclusion. The goal of this project is to help future educators, including myself, when they are building diverse libraries for young readers. Literature is a major stepping stone for children and something that will stick with them though life. I believe that when children see themselves represented they will be more interested in reading as they grow older. I am going to explore the ways that diverse literature can impact children and how we can add more representation in children’s literature. Through my research and presentation I hope to guide more schools and educators to have inclusive, representative, and diverse books in their libraries.

keywords:  Education, diversity, inclusion, and literature

Marginalized students face daily educational inequities within their classrooms. According to The Annie. E Casey Foundation, in the United States “stu­dents of col­or fall short of read­ing [...] pro­fi­cien­cy bench­marks at greater rates than their white peers.” The absence of a classroom library that truly reflects the diversity of the student body can be part of the blame. Research shows diverse classroom libraries positively impact students' critical thinking skills, empathy, and engagement. This is because making connections to a text, a mirror, through cultural context can affirm one’s own cultural identity. At the same time, according to Rudine Sims Bishop, books that serve as windows into other cultures help readers “understand the multicultural nature of the world they live in.” With both of these aspects, students will be further inclined to read, learn, and succeed. This investigation is critical to me, as I have observed in schools with diverse populations and those without, noting the uniformity of their libraries. Limited exposure to diverse cultures through books delayed my empathy and critical thinking, underscoring the need for inclusive literature. My presentation will include statistics relating student success and diverse libraries, the examination of the mirrors and windows concept, a “bookshelf” of diverse books for ages six to twelve years old, a teacher’s guide to choosing diverse literature for their classroom, and more.

keywords:  Windows, Mirrors, Diversity, and Classroom Library.

This paper presentation argues why diverse and reflective reading material deserves space in Early Childhood classrooms with their connection to increased visibility which benefits all students and fosters a more welcome classroom environment. This comes at a time when debates over DEI’s place in schools have been increasingly more prominent, more distinctly since the start of President Trump’s second term in office. In this vein, this paper will examine the rise of book bans across the United States whose implementation deprives students of critical narratives and perspectives which they may lack exposure to otherwise. It will seek to define diverse reading material as those which are reflective and insightful for all students consuming them, as well as some examples of these materials. Further, diverse materials offer context to real life experiences which can assist in aiding the literacy crisis which our nation faces today. In attempting to discover the impacts of diverse reading, I will demonstrate what students have to gain from inclusive reading. Ultimately, this presentation seeks to showcase to its audience why diverse reading material and culturally responsive classrooms are crucial to classrooms today and the benefits it can provide for students who consume it.

keywords:  Diverse, reading material, DEI, classrooms, inclusive

The relationship between the horror genre and sexuality is complex. The vampire is arguably the most sensual and sexual monster. The anxieties over sexuality, especially female sexuality, have not faded over the years as “The Woman Question” has morphed into conversations around slut shaming and trad wives. Brom Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula and its film adaptations tackle this subject. As Jennifer A. Swartz-Levine writes, Stoker “draws from a heritage that long reveres the idea of chaste, modest, non-sexual beings as the standard […] and deviations from this norm are grotesque” or in this case vampiric. The movie adaptations mirror these Victorian-era anxieties while also using them to reflect those of its day. The 1931 version of Dracula is one of the first horror films. It was filmed when the rules and regulations of Hollywood were changing. Bram Stoker’s Dracula, released in 1992, may consider the more modern attitudes towards female sexuality. Had the way characters like the three vampire ladies, Lucy, and Mina, interpreted changed? The third season of Showtime’s Penny Dreadful has a storyline starring Dracula. Does it reflect more modern attitudes towards female sexuality? Reflection on the primary work and scholarly research will show how horror and sexuality interact concerning social norms and expectations.

keywords:  Literature, Cinema, Gender and Sexuality, Gothic Horror

My CARS project will be a presentation of the paper I completed in order to fulfill the requirements for the Core Milestone Experience. The Enduring Question I chose to explore for the CME was: What does it mean to become oneself? In order to address this question, I chose to compose a written assignment in the form of a paper that addresses various sub-questions that help break down aspects of my broader Enduring Question. These sub-questions are as follows: What is the self? What does it mean to become oneself in relation to education? How does personal experience relate to the idea of becoming oneself? How do we understand certain societal pressures in relation to becoming oneself? In my reflection and response to these questions, I integrated content and insight from various courses of study I have participated in in Philosophy and Religious Studies. These courses include: Philosophy of Mind, Thomas Merton: Mystic and Prophet, Philosophy Seminar: William James, and Political Philosophy: Plato through Machiavelli. I chose to explore this Enduring Question because of its relevance and particular importance within today’s world, especially as it relates to higher education. I chose to explore this question and respond to it in the form of a written paper in order to fully integrate course materials, personal reflection, and cultural context.

keywords:  Philosophy, Religious Studies, Self-discovery

My research project is presented as a historical analysis of the life of the Chinese Pirate Queen Zheng Yi Sao and how her life of piracy is not necessarily a reflection of someone rebelling against gendered expectations but rather accepting them. I specifically analyzed instances of Zheng Yi Sao conforming to expectations for gendered labor (marriage and sexuality, child-rearing, and labor), power, and the law in China during the Qing Dynasty. Through the use of primary and secondary sources, we discuss gender dynamics in Qing China and the life of Zheng Yi Sao and other male Chinese pirates. Through this analysis, I conclude that if Zheng Yi Sao is a reflection of anything, she is a reflection of how sometimes to rise, you need to conform to people’s expectations of you. Because there is nothing that men fear more than a woman who deviates from societal norms.

keywords:  History Gender Studies Pirates China

Spoken word gives power to those deemed powerless by their oppressors by fueling social movements against violent political agendas. My research proves that spoken word has been a significant tool in advocacy from the 1960s to now. I will present a timeline to bring us through the decades, focusing on influential women throughout historical movements, and concluding with an informative list of resources to use spoken word in today's political climate. I feel obligated to share stories of historically influential women like Pauli Murray, Colevia Carter, and others who used spoken word to speak up for the rights of all women, the LGBTQ+ community, Indigenous groups, the disabled, immigrants, racial and religious minorities, and children in the United States during times of political injustice. Malala Yousafzai reminds us "'The pen is mightier than sword' was true. The extremists are afraid of books and pens. The power of education frightens them. They are afraid of women. The power of the voice of women frightens them," (2013). As the world watches our politicians discriminate and destroy its people and land, it is important to look back on the women who spoke up for us and use their words to lift each other and move forward.

keywords:  Spoken Word, Advocacy, Social Movements, Women Empowerment

Now more than ever, readers can directly connect to the authors of their favorite works with a simple press of a “follow” button. Alongside their upcoming works, authors can share anything from their coffee orders to their political stances, elevating them from writers to celebrities and making it easier than ever before for them to fall from their pedestals when their true actions and beliefs are shared with the world. This presentation will dive into the responsibilities and agencies readers have when they decide they no longer want to support their once-favorite authors. I will explore the history of the reader’s relationship with the author to determine how and if we can ethically separate works from their authors today. I will also examine current examples of readers distancing themselves from authors they no longer support. This will include fans of Harry Potter and the culture around the world-famous series who reject J.K. Rowling’s transphobic views, as well as recent outcry from fans in response to allegations posed at English author Neil Gaiman. I hope to encourage readers to take agency in their reading and be mindful of the voices they listen to.

keywords:  Authorship, Agency, Socially-Conscious

I created an e-book for my ethics and leadership class. I will share the process I used for creating a book on newly emerged thinking of the use of generative AI for university students and the ethical dilemmas that could arise. I will also share the development process I used to research, create graphics, and edit this book through an in-person presentation which will include the use of visuals from the book followed by a question-and-answer segment. I was given the opportunity to choose a medium for a final project and chose to create a book covering the ethical implications of using generative AI as a student.

keywords:  Business ethics, generative AI ethics, university student ethics

Chiaroscuro is used in classical singing to describe the desired tone quality. With origins in Italian art, the term translates to light and dark. It refers to the ideal balance of the bright and dark characteristics in the voice. Achieving chiaroscuro in singing can be a complicated process due to the detailed elements that influence sound production and perception. Despite its subjectiveness, the physics and mechanics of singing allowed me to assess the concept using physiology, mathematics, and science. From a STEM-oriented perspective, this research dissects the production factors and characteristics of chiaroscuro. It explores the mechanisms of the human body that result in phonation and its pleasing qualities using an acoustic and anatomical framework. My work contains a corresponding description of techniques singers can utilize to harness such physiological and mathematical principles. The following paper defines biological functions of the larynx and vocal tract within the context of singing. The consequent evaluation illuminates how the body’s resonant and vibratory properties affect singers’ sense and development of techniques. Areas of appraisal include the use of harmonic and Fourier series analysis alongside discussion of properties of sound waves. The goal is to inform singers and pedagogues on how to build and address such singing techniques. I also supplemented my research by analyzing the harmonic spectrum of renowned classical singers to highlight the aspects that contribute to their execution of chiaroscuro. The data output from the spectrograph software VoceVista revealed some commonalities among their prevalent harmonics on a given note within each of their corresponding registers. When presented, I will execute a live demonstration of a real-time spectrogram to expand on the methodology and harmonic components of tone quality. Replicating the assessment used on recorded singers in this paper, I will sing an excerpt of an aria and vocal exercises to form a spectrogram in VoceVista.

keywords:  Science-based vocal pedagogy, vocology, voice science, classical singing technique, mathematics in music.

This Oral Presentation/Slideshow will delve into the beginning of what I hope to be a career-long study combining both my Dance and Social Work degrees. The Volition Project:

Through exploring our own bodies we are able to acquire perceived autonomy over our bodies. Somatically, we are able to control how we feel, this can be especially useful in work with trauma survivors. Based on exploration I did during a movement intensive in Italy during the summer of 2024 I've been able to continue an auto-ethnographic choreographic study. Through this I have been able to experience a release of stored emotions that had been previously blocked. Rooted in scientific study of the body's reaction to trauma and the testimony of dance artists as well as dance movement therapists, my research process over the last 6 months has allowed for an exploration of not only my own lived experience, but consideration of dance as a powerful modality for addressing and trauma and facilitation of healing. Trauma exists within the body, artistic and therapeutic processes can combine effectively and transformatively. Trigger Warning: This presentation will include discussion of sexual trauma.

keywords:  Dance, Social Work, Research, Ethnographic Choreography, Trauma Healing Modalities.

A survey held by Lauren Brown found that more than half of young readers attribute their desire to read to Booktok, a sub-community of avid book readers on Tiktok. Since its rise in popularity in 2020, it has overseen a drastic influx of physical media sales. Authors with large BookTok followings have gained over $760 million in 2022, as reported by the Berkeley Economic Review. Booktok also skyrocketed the development of the subgenre Romantasy, especially with the novel Fourth Wing by Rebecca Yarros whose three book series managed to garner a dedicated fanbase to sell 1.1 million copies in 2024, according to an article written by Jim Milliot and John Maher for Publisher’s Weekly. Booktok inspires viewers to shop from brick-and-mortar bookstores, with stores having tables dedicated to what is trending. As someone who wants to go into the publishing industry, this is important research because it provides context for trends in popularity as well as knowing what kinds of books tend to sell versus what does not. Since no other social media platform has had the effect that Booktok has, I will explore the impact that this specific community has had on book sales as a whole as well as the way in which it is believed to have ‘saved’ bookstores. This project will compare the sales of a book that gained ‘hype’ on Tiktok with a book that did not to answer the question: does successfully marketing a book on Tiktok equate to real-life sales?

keywords:  Booktok, Contemporary literature, social media

My research project is focusing on the sense of community and friendships formed within fandoms, especially in fanfiction spaces, where people from diverse backgrounds can connect through shared interests. Admirably, language barriers are often overcome, as many fanfiction authors, whose first language is not English, request leniency in grammar critiques while producing extensive, well-developed stories. My project explores the relationships within K-pop fandoms, specifically BTS’s, and the kinds of fanfictions that emerge from these communities. To examine the dynamics of these fan groups, I analyzed peer-reviewed journals and articles discussing fandom culture and online interactions. This paper presentation highlights how fandoms create spaces for friendship and support, showing how shared interests can create meaningful social connections, which is something I have personally experienced since middle school.

keywords:  Book Culture, Fandoms, Fanfiction

According to my SBTE teacher, book clubs are an important tool for getting students engaged. However, many elementary students struggle with reading comprehension, engagement, and motivation to learn. My research will show how the implementation of book clubs in elementary schools can be beneficial. This project aims to explore how participation in book clubs can benefit elementary students by improving reading skills, fostering social and emotional development, and engaging them in wanting to read. My project will explore the issue from two angles: (1.) to see if students at the secondary level have been in a book club while in elementary school and if so, what impact did it have on their overall success in school and (2.) the benefits of teachers having a book club as part of their classroom instruction. My research will include looking at articles, an interview with my field placement teacher who currently has a book club in her classroom. In addition, from my secondary sources on the topic I will conduct interviews with my placement teacher and students from her class to see what kind of benefit they are getting from being in the book club. Once I gather all of my data, I will present my project as a PowerPoint presentation. By having elementary students participate in book clubs again can improve their literacy skills, social development, and attitude when it comes to reading. My hope is through this research I will gain more knowledge on literary education and be able to show how engaging and impactful book clubs can be for elementary students.

keywords:  Education, learning and literacy

With the Internet, where near-constant exposure to social media is expected, it is essential for children to learn how to differentiate between trustworthy and untrustworthy sources. This presentation argues that identifying fake news involves a skill set similar to recognizing unreliable narrators in children’s picture books. The books are effective for teaching the importance of perspective to young kids since the visual format often highlights the irony of a narrator's account conflicting with true events, as seen in Dear Mrs. LaRue: Letters from Obedience School (Teagues). These books can also parody classic fairy tales, such as in The True Story of the Three Little Pigs (Scieszka), to further cement the idea that some personal accounts should be taken with a grain of salt. By closely examining why these work, we can better understand that children's literature should be seen not only inside the established system of education but also for its intellectual and creative worth as literature in its own right. The goal is to challenge adult assumptions that children's novels are inherently "easy" or "simple". I plan to show that children's literature is capable of far more than most people would allow for, as well as child-readers themselves.

keywords:  Literacy and Language, Child Development, Art Analysis, Literature Analysis, Children's Literature

This portfolio is a reflection on my understanding of what it means to be an eyewitness to genocide. How can we even begin to tie meaning to mass atrocity? What is the importance of studying genocide? In a world where genocide remains unabated, how can we work to prevent it? My understanding of genocide is informed by the lived experiences of people: their stories, their memories, their sacrifices, and their ability to survive in the face of terror. Resistance is a choice, and an unthinkably challenging one. In the face of the genocide, how do we continue to choose peace and justice? For survivors, victims, activists, and resisters, this question remains rooted in community and persistence. I emphasize the importance of engaging in community and resource-sharing as we mobilize ourselves for action against the hateful forces of genocide; the phrase “it takes a village” most certainly applies both to the study of and to action against genocidal ideology. If we are to be effective in our action, it will require a commitment to one another. In the face of genocide and the hateful evils that accompany it, we must remain steadfast in our commitment to choose justice, choose peace, and choose love.

keywords:  Social Justice, Genocide Studies, Peace, Social Movements, Eyewitness

An article from the National Endowment for the Arts reports that between 2012 and 2022, the percentage of adults who reported reading at least one book during the year dropped from 54.6 percent to 48.5 percent. Rates of extracurricular reading in the United States are on a steady and alarming decline amongst adults and children alike. Through the exploration of theses, research, and other studies, this essay will provide a thoughtful analysis of the detrimental effects of this decline on personal and societal levels. This essay will explore those negative effects as they take place throughout the timeline of life, assessing the situation as it exists among the current generations of adults, all the way down to the youngest generation– Generation Alpha. Suspected factors that exacerbate the abandonment of reading for pleasure will also be analyzed, such as technology use, lifestyle, and reading exposure. Solutions and methods for addressing literacy problems and promoting reading will be explored in this project that will, in turn, cultivate possible ways in which society needs to move to achieve higher rates of literacy and restore positive reading habits.

keywords:  Book culture, reading, literacy, reading habits

This research paper investigates and exposes the systemic racism that is so heavily present in the criminal justice system. It has resulted in an epidemic of unjust incarceration. The article represents a form of exploratory research in which I drew on secondary sources such as peer reviewed journal articles and descriptive statistics. Racist biases that are addressed in this paper are deeply embedded within the United States prison system with seemingly no change. This paper explores how racial differences and mistreatment appears in multiple incarceration related areas including socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and location. This project found that men of color are affected by patterns of racial discrimination at disproportionate levels which ultimately factor into their prevalence in state prisons as well as their ongoing societal injustices. This paper was written with the understanding that it is important to study both the United States prison system and the groups directly impacted by it. This paper also aims to add to the discourse pertaining to advocating for criminal justice and policy reform in order to promote equity.

keywords:  Criminal Justice and Racism

This project dives deeper into the literature canon within the high school curriculum in order to learn the problematic aspects and discrepancies within these “classic” pieces of literature. Decades of forcing students to read novels such as Lord of the Flies, Of Mice and Men, and To Kill a Mockingbird have maintained harmful stereotypes being taught within the classroom. Through my research and analysis of this canonical literature, I wish to highlight that these pieces of literature, although they hold literary merit within society, are inherently flawed, racist, and misogynistic. Along with that, I want my audience to recognize that there must be more representation and diversity within the high school curriculum and the literature canon itself. To encourage this recognition, I will take one piece of literature from each grade level canon listed on the curriculum and conduct an in depth analysis and theoretical reading of such. After having completed this analysis, I would give a more contemporary literature selection to replace the problematic piece in the curricula canon. This would culminate in a digital research guide for teachers, comparing classic literature with contemporary counterparts to teach in place of these traditional, canonical pieces. This panel presentation will discuss the work that I have completed to create this digital research guide.

keywords:  Literature, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Best Teaching Practice

This paper aims to discuss the conversation surrounding black authorship and its connection to storytelling while shedding light on the unique challenges that arise for POC authors, especially today with the frequent book bans across the country. This censorship of media has connections to the historical silencing of black voices. A phenomenon that ties directly into questions surrounding access to education, racial violence, and white supremacy. It is with this that we see POC authors such as critically acclaimed novelist Jesmyn Ward inadvertently placed in an anomalous position of authority, raising concerns when canonical literary scholars declare one spokesperson for an entire community of people. What message does that send to other aspiring writers? What modes of storytelling are deemed acceptable by readers and literary critics? Through a close reading of Ward’s acclaimed novel Salvage The Bones, this paper will emphasize the importance of continuing the conversation of diversity within literature.

keywords:  Book Banning, Social Justice, Diversity within Literature

Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home, is a graphic novel that offers a personal and accurate portrayal of a queer woman’s coming-of-age experience. This book not only challenges stereotypes but serves as a valuable example of how queer women’s experiences can be depicted with depth and nuance. While Fun Home is one of the few examples of accurate representation, the project will also highlight other media works that represent queer women authentically, offering a contrast to the harmful portrayals that are more common in mainstream media. Fun Home functions as a foundation for other pieces of accurate queer media to exist. As a queer person, seeing yourself represented in an honest, non-sexualized way in the media is crucial for creating a sense of safety and community. This project aims to spotlight media that accurately reflects the experiences of queer women and encourage others to seek out content that portrays the queer community with dignity and respect. In doing so, this project will help people critically assess the media they consume and support work that provides a positive and accurate representation of queer people, especially queer women.

keywords:  Queer, Representation

This paper aims to analyze the current financial state of the Monroe County Library System as a case study of the status of libraries across the country. Over the last several years, library funding has decreased on both a federal and local level. Coupled with the rising sentiment that libraries are becoming obsolete in the wake of the digital age, any decrease in funding critically injures the future of the library system and thus threatens the public's access to information, resources, and literacy. I would go so far as to argue that a decline in library funding is an indicator of overall governmental and social decay.

As a current library professional, I have observed how funding varies town to town in Monroe County and how it directly impacts the quality of the library itself as a structure and the variety of its collection. Through my research, I will conduct interviews with my colleagues about their experiences accommodating financial changes and how their budget is broken down. I will explore the purpose of various associations and their function within the greater library system, the variation between different library branches depending on their funding, and how different socioeconomic demographics influence the quality of their local library.

keywords:  Public Libraries, Local & Federal Funding

Citizenship in Italy is determined by ‘jus sanguinis’ meaning that citizenship is determined by your parents’ nationality rather than your place of birth. A person can be eligible for citizenship if they have Italian blood, no matter how far back as long as they can prove it. For this reason, many families who have lived in the country for years but do not have any Italian ancestry struggle to become recognized as Italians and reap the benefits that citizenship would provide. I will discuss Italian citizens' perspective on immigration through the lens of the newer generation’s acceptance of their peers of different ethnic backgrounds. I will also be looking at the experiences written about in the short story, Salsicce by Igiaba Scego, as well as the ideas brought forth in the documentary “18 Ius Soli: The Right of Being Italian.” The short story is written by a Somalian woman who is trying to acclimate to Italian society by eating sausages, a typical Italian food, despite this going against the traditions of her religion. The documentary, which is by Fred Kuwornu consists of interviews from several young second generation immigrants to Italy and investigates the debate around introducing ‘ius soli’ into Italian law.

keywords:  Italian, Citizenship, immigration, Italy

In the United States, we call ourselves the “melting pot,” in which the majority of citizens are descendants of immigrants, often from many generations past. As a result, having a sense of both ethnic and national identity has become commonplace. The complex history of migration patterns to Italy lends itself to many topics of discussion that are still relevant today. This essay presentation addresses the aspect of identity within the context of migration to Italy. Through the analysis of academic journals, news articles, and autobiographical stories, this essay explores the difficulties migrants to Italy from countries in Africa and the Middle East face in their development of their cultural identities. These obstacles exist in the religious and cultural differences between Italy and migrants’ countries of origin, the struggle to gain Italian citizenship as an immigrant, and the general complexity of maintaining a hybrid identity when one is considered a stranger in the country they now call home. It is important to recognize the voices of those who are an undeniable part of Italy, despite the fact that their ethnic origins are from elsewhere.

keywords:  Ethnic identity, Italy, Italian national identity, immigration to Italy

This paper, completed for HIS*365 Witchcraft in Fall 2024, focuses on the Irish banshee and the effect that colonialism has had on the Irish tradition. The paper examines how and why noble Irish surnames are a vital part of the banshee tradition. This paper is meant to focus on the lasting impact that colonialism has on Ireland but also around the world. The British deemed the Irish traditions as “uncivilized” and have almost caused the complete erosion of Irish tradition to the extent that historians can no longer determine what the Irish tradition is without British involvement. The historical methods used in this paper are post colonialism and social history. Exploring the effect of losing parts of the Irish tradition due to colonialism. The banshee tradition started to warn and mourn the dead. However, after British colonization, banshee lore morphed into a new tradition to mourn the resistance fighters who fought against British oppression.

keywords:  History, Irish traditions, banshees, colonialism

I will present a research paper analyzing why Germany and the United States remember World War II differently, immediately following the war. This is to provide a more concise analysis of why people remember or forget certain aspects of the war. This paper explores both sides by examining a country that won, and a country that lost, and how that impacted their respective memories. It explores this by focusing on specific topics such as denazification, the Nuremberg Trials, the atomic bomb, and the Tuskegee Airmen, to name a few. Numerous sources provide insight to these topics and come together to explain why they are remembered or forgotten. The presentation of this paper will include me reading it with appropriate inflections of tone, and a PowerPoint of relevant images to help keep the audience engaged. This subject is worth examining because the way wars are remembered provides insight to the way our society operates over time, looks closer at human nature, and provides explanations for why current and future historical or political events occur. Without understanding the memory of wars, one cannot understand current affairs.

keywords:  Denazification, Nuremberg Trials, World War II, Tuskegee Airmen, Memory

I wrote a paper about the way that museums explored African and British African history. I explored many different museums in the United Kingdom on a class trip about museums in the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, and Ireland). I also went to the Black History and Culture archives on our free day. While visiting the museums, I sought exhibits that talked about the Africans and British Africans. While writing this research paper, I used notes on exhibits that I saw and a few pictures that I found relevant from the museums to make my points stronger. The reason that I wrote this paper was for a class assignment about the class trip we took to the United Kingdom in order to explore museums.

keywords:  History, Museums, Diversity, United Kingdom