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The framework of the Hogan is constructed using a collection of wooden poles, arranged in a circular pattern. The floor of the hogan typically consists of flattened earth, with animal hides and rugs occasionally added for extra comfort.
Once the framework is in place, the walls of the Hogan are built up with the use of mud and adobe bricks.
The roof of a hogan is typically made from wooden poles, which are laid across the top of the structure and covered with a layer of earth or other insulating materials. This creates a solid, weather-resistant surface that also regulates the temperature inside the hogan. The construction of Hogans requires methodical thought and religious knowledge. The absolute precision taken in hogan construction provides a further testament to the intricacy of Navajo culture.
We labored for several days. Each log had to be notched so it would fit and hold tightly to adjacent logs. At the center of the roof dome, a hole was left open for smoke.
-Chester Nez & Judith Avila, Code Talkers p. 64
Although construction methods generally remain the same, there are two types of Hogans, male and female. Barre Toelken, a prevalent folklorist and researcher, found that between the two, “‘female’ [Hogans have] a different architectural structure and purpose than … male [Hogans]. The ‘domed’ female Hogan is larger and houses families, while the ‘forked’ male Hogan serves as a center for communal, ceremonial, and religious purposes” (Toelken, 2000).
"Domed" Female Hogan
"Domed" Female Hogan
"Forked" Male Hogan
"Forked" Male Hogan
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