Teaching

Fall 2018

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Teaching Philosophy

My role as a “progressive” teacher is not only that of teaching mathematics or biology but also of helping the students to recognize themselves as the architects of their own cognition process.

-Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of Freedom

The shaping of my teaching philosophy started to evolve during the time that I was a student at the University of São Paulo. I had, then, the privilege of attending a seminar with Prof. Paulo Freire. He is arguably one of the most influential academics in the area of pedagogy; he was a prolific writer on how to approach pedagogy as a mechanism for social change. Freire’s work of 1998, Pedagogy of Freedom; Ethics, Democracy, and Civic Courage proposes an insightful approach of the critical perspective of the pedagogical activity.

There is No Teaching without Learning

The first idea in Freire’s framework is that teaching and learning should happen concurrently. As such, students should be allowed autonomy and ownership over the learning experience. In addition, I adhere to the perspective that different learning styles and preferences demand different teaching techniques and tools. Variety in delivery methods and assessment techniques are examples of approaches that I use, which may allow students to succeed based on their individualized conditions.

In addition to that, some recent academic work on the neurobiology of learning (e.g., the extensive work of Prof. Ivan Izquierdo) shows that the ability of students to learn is influenced by their emotional states. In other words, motivated students, who enjoy an emotional connection to the learning context (e. g., subject matter, classroom environment, and etc) will apprehend more information. Not only that, emotional states help form more elaborated and retrievable cognitive processes in one’s brain.

These understandings of the neurobiology of learning are reflected in my teaching in a few different ways. The first one is the motivational framework that I employ, known as the expectancy theory of motivation. That approach suggests that students need to understand how to connect their effort to the expected level of performance; next, students need to value what would be the benefits (personal and societal) of attaining such level of performance. Accordingly, I work towards, having the students instilled with self-confidence, providing them with the tools to succeed, and in dialoguing about the benefits of them attaining the objectives of their courses.

In addition, I bring much enthusiasm and emotion to the teaching environment. As I introduced above, when one faces new information, emotions will generate deeper levels of learning; on the other hand, apathy and distractions prevent students from acquiring new information, and transforming that into new learning. The alternative is surface learning, based on memorization, repetition and quick forgetting, as explained by the neurobiology of learning.

Freire also suggests that learning is the most important activity of the teacher. In other words, teaching does not happen without the teacher’s own learnings. The classroom is the primary teachers’ learning environment about the educational process. Constant improvement and questioning of my own approaches is the most important avenue for my learning. Second, my research activities become one with my teaching efforts, that is, the main ability of a researcher and a teacher is to be a student. Different than sometimes proclaimed, I see teaching and research as one phenomena altogether. I believe that good teaching leads to better research and vice versa. In summary, before being a professor I see myself as a student of the educational phenomena and the subject area of my discipline, the studies of organizations.

Teaching is Not Transferring of Knowledge

For Freire, teaching is about understanding how one can empower students to learn how to learn. This process happens first, when students are empowered to critically understand reality. In its essence, teaching is about triggering the process of curiosity in the students. Next, the learning environment is one in which the student's knowledge and perspectives are fully respected.

Therefore, the work of education should never be finished when the course ends. Students should be empowered to develop their own independent learning abilities. In my courses, the ability to find, identify and critically assess information is a constant approach. Moreover, I constantly incorporate experiential and knowledge application activities in my courses, as a way of helping the students to connect academic information to their realities.

Consequently, I see that teaching is also a form of new-knowledge creation - e.g. research in the administrative sciences.

In business education, it is particularly critical that learning becomes a form o the co-creation of knowledge, within a community of practice. Shared learning experiences, working in teams and, whenever possible, linked to the business communities are all part of such an approach, in my courses.

Teaching is a Human Act

Teaching is a mechanism of social change. Its main goal is the betterment of the human condition. Accordingly, I see that as a teacher I should exercise my own critical rationales, supported by an appreciation of the ethical dimensions of teaching, especially as I strive to enact such critical and ethical behaviours. “Walking the talk” is probably the most powerful teaching technique there is. As such, humane teaching includes a deep care for students and being able to have an open and genuine dialogue with them.

Still, an unresolved challenge is to reconcile the ideological aspects of education. As acutely pointed by the work of Freire, education is always ideological. This dimension gets even more pressing in a business education program. I surely intend to expose the students to the possibility of being future managers who embrace ethics, values, respect for diversity, and concern for the community and the natural environment. This is a demanding task, given the paradoxical realities of, profits vs. respect for the stakeholders, economic growth vs. respect for the natural environment, globalization vs. exploitation of indigenous communities and resources, among others. These conflicting pressures on organizations are inherent to the activities of firms trying to compete in the market economy. Maybe, the students in my classroom and I will find a way to sort this out.