RESOURCES

Peer-reviewed Journal Publications

1. Long, M. R., Dayan, N., A., Xu, M., Liao, W., Gilad, A., DeLano, M.C. 2025. Gadolinium pollution - A future forward perspective on human and environment impact. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (In press)

2. Valenti, F., Bustamante, M., Mancuso, G., Toscano, A., Zhuang, J., Zilberman, D., Liao, W. 2026. Exploring a food-energy-water nexus solution towards a sustainable and resilient Europe. Journal of Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 225, 108618

3. Marks, A., Li, C., Cai, S., Liao, W. 2026. High-efficiency carbon dioxide capture using macroporous hydrogel infused with microalgal amino acid salt solution. Fuel 405, 136648

4. Smerigan, B., Monson, C., Tomas, B.D., Uludag-Demirer, S., Dusenbury, J. S., Liao, W. 2025. An electrochemical strategy for decentralized treatment and ammonia recovery from high-strength wastewater. Journal of Water Processing Engineering 77, 108388

5.  Long, F., Xu, M., Liao, W., Liu, H. 2025. Machine learning for predicting and optimizing the performance of a commercial-scale anaerobic digester with diverse feedstocks and operating conditions. Bioresource Technology, 132940

6. Uludag-Demirer, S., Xu, M., Marks, A., Xu, M., Liu, Y., Saffron, C., Liao, W. 2025. Influence of biochar on microbial communities and anaerobic digestion of aqueous pyrolysis liquid (APL). Biomass and Bioenergy 198, 107891

7. Xu, M., Uludag-Demirer, S., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2025. Improving anaerobic digestion efficiency of animal manure through ball milling pretreatment. Agronomy 15(2), 305

8. Thomas, B., Marks, A., Smerigan, B., Aburto-Vazquez, G., Uludag-Demirer, S., Dusenbury, J., Liao, W. 2024. Life cycle impact and economic assessment of decentralized strategies to treat source-separated wastewater. Journal of Water Processing Engineering 64, 105550.

9. Jadidi, Y., Frost, H., Das, S., Liao, W., Draths, K., Saffron, C. 2023. Comparative life cycle assessment and techoeconomic analysis of biomass-derived shikimic acid production. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 11, 12218-12229.

10. Cutshaw, A., Frost, H., Uludag-Demirer, S., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2023. Protein extraction, precipitation, and recovery from Chlorella sorokiniana using mechanochemical methods. Energies 16(12), 4809.

11. Zheng, Y., Czajka, J., Daiek, C., Yang, Z., Sun, L., Tang, Y.J., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2023. An algal-bacterial symbiotic system of carbon fixation using formate as a carbon source. Algal Research 72, 103103. 

12. Uludag-Demirer, S., Smerigan, A., Hsiao, P., Marks, A., Milton, S., Liao. W. 2023. Enhanced carbon dioxide capture using mixed amino acid salt solution. ACS Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 62(9), 4064-4072.

13. Smerigan, A., Uludag-Demirer, S., Cutshaw, A., Marks, A., Liao, W. 2023. High-efficiency carbon dioxide capture using an algal amino acid salt solution. Journal of CO2 Utilization 69, 102394.

14. Murillo-Roos, M., Uribe-Lorio, L, Fuentes-Schweizer, P., Vidaurre-Barahona, D., Brenes-Guillen, L., Jimenez, I., Arguedas, T., Liao, W., Uribe, L. 2022. Biogas production and microbial communities of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of animal manures and food wastes in Costa Rica. Energies 15(9) 3252.

15. Valenti, F., Rojas-Sossa, J. P., Porto, S.M.C., Toscano, A., Marsh, T., Dale, B., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2022. Effects of Mediterranean agricultural residues on microbial community and digestion performance. Journal of Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining 16(2), 523-536.

16. Daiek, C., Liao, W., Liu, Y. 2022. Effects of water recirculation on microalgae and corresponding sustainability of the photobioreactor cultivation system. Biomass and Bioenergy 157, 106326.

17. Thomas, B. D., Uludag-Demirer, S., Frost, H., Liu, Y., Dusenbury, J.S., Liao, W. 2022. Decentralized high-strength wastewater treatment using a compact aerobic baffled bioreactor. Environmental Management 305, 114281.

18. Xiao, Z., Zheng, Y., Gudi, C. R., Liu, Y., Liao, W., Tang, Y. J. 2021. Development of a kinetic model to describe six types of symbiotic interactions in a formate utilizing microalgae-bacteria cultivation system. Algal Research 58, 102372

19. Bustamante, M., Engeda, A., Liao, W. 2021. Small-scale solar-bio-hybrid power generation using Brayton and Rankine cycles. Energies 14, 472

20. Xu, M., Uludag-Demirer, S., Fang, D., Zhou, L., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2021. Effects of pyrogenic carbonaceous materials on anaerobic digestion of a nitrogen-rich organic waste – Swine manure. Energy and Fuels 35(3), 2282-2292 

21. Cutshaw, A., Daiek, C., Zheng, Y., Frost, H., Marks A., Clements, D., Uludag-Demirer S., Verhanovitz, N., Pavlik, D., Clary, W., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2020. A long-term pilot-scale algal cultivation on power plant flue gas – Cultivation stability and biomass accumulation. Algal Research 52, 102115   

22. Francesca, V., Liao, W., Simona, P. 2020. Life cycle assessment of agro-industrial by-products reuse: a comparison between anaerobic digestion and conventional disposal treatments. Green Chemistry 22(20) 7729-7139.

23. Hussain, J., Wang, X., Sousa, L., Ali, R., Rittmann, B. E., Liao, W. 2020. Using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis and multi-objective optimization to evaluate green algae for production of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and simultaneously fix carbon dioxide. Biomass and Bioenergy 141, 105711.

24. Uludag-Demirer, S., Olson, N., Ives, R., Nshimyimana, J. P., Rusinek, C.A., Rose, J. B., Liao, W. 2020. Techno-economic analysis of electrocoagulation on water reclamation and bacterial/viral indicator reductions of a high-strength organic wastewater – Anaerobic digestion effluent. Sustainability 12, 2697.

25. Zhong, Y., Frost, H., Bustamante, M., Li, S., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2020. A mechano-biocatalytic one-pot approach to release sugars from lignocellulosic materials. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 121, 109675.

26. Wang, L., Long, F., Liao, W., Hong, L. 2020. Prediction of anaerobic digestion performance and identification of critical operational parameters using machine learning algorithms. Bioresource Technology 298, 122495.

27. Zhong, Y., Chen, R., Rojas-Sossa, J., Isaguirre, C., Mashburn, A., Marsh, T., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2020. Anaerobic co-digestion of energy crop and agricultural wastes to prepare uniform-format cellulosic feedstock for biorefining. Renewable Energy 147, 1358-1370.

28. Rojas-Sossa, J., Zhong, Y., Valenti, F., Blackhurst, J., Marsh, T., Kirk, D., Fang, D., Dale, B., Liao, W. 2019. Effect of ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) treated corn stover on anaerobic microbes and corresponding digestion performance. Biomass and Bioenergy 127, 105263.

29. Valenti, F., Porto, S.M.C., Dale, B.E., Liao, W. 2018. Spatial analysis of feedstock supply and logistics to establish regional biogas power generation: A case study in Sicilian region. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 97, 50-63.

30. Paritosh, K., Yadav, M., Mathur, S., Balan, V., Liao, W., Pareek, N., Vivekanand, V.3 2018. Organic fraction of municipal solid waste: overview of treatment methodologies to enhance anaerobic biodegradability. Frontiers in Energy Research 6, 75.

31. Valenti, F., Zhong, Y., Sun, M., Porto, S. M. C., Toscano, A., Dale, B.E., Sibilla, F., Liao, W. 2018. Anaerobic co-digestion of multiple agricultural residues to enhance biogas production in Southern Italy. Journal of Waste Management 78, 151-157.

32. Valenti, F., Liao, W., Porto, S.M.C. 2018. A GIS-based spatial index of feedstock-mixture availability for anaerobic co-digestion of Mediterranean by-products and agricultural residues. Journal of Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining 12(3), 362-378.

33. Rojas-Sossa, J. P., Murillo, M., Marsh, T., Larsen, N., Uribe, L., Uribe-Lorio, L., Miranda, A., Solis, K., Rodriguez, W., Kirk, D., Liao, W. 2017. Effects of coffee processing residues on anaerobic microorganisms and corresponding digestion performance. Bioresource Technology 245, 714-723

34. Pavlik, D., Zhong, Y., Elizabeth, C., Liao, W., Morgan, R., Clary, W., Liu, Y. 2017 Microalgae cultivation of carbon dioxide sequestration and protein production using a high-efficiency photobioreactor system. Algal Research 25, 413-420

35. Li, Q., Liu, Y., Liao, W., Powers, W. 2017. Microalgal cultivation using animal production exhaust air: technical and economic feasibility. CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 45(4) 1500309

36. MacLellan, J., Chen, R., Yue, Z.B., Kraemer, R., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2017. Effects of protein and lignin on cellulose and xylan analyses of lignocellulosic biomass. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16(6), 1268-1275

37. Bustamante-Roman, M., Liao, W. 2017. A self-sustaining high-strength wastewater treatment system using solar-bio-hybrid power generation. Bioresource Technology 234, 415-423

38. Pelaez-Samaniego, M. R., Hummel, R. L., Liao, W., Ma, J., Jensen, J., Kruger, C., Frear, C. 2017. Approaches for adding value to anaerobically digested dairy fiber. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Review 72, 254-268

39. Liu, Z., Liu, Y., Oyetunde, T., Hollinshead, W. D., Hermanns, A., Tang, Y., Liao, W. 2017. Exploring eukaryotic formate metabolisms to enhance microbial growth and lipid accumulation. Biotechnology for Biofuels 10, 22

40. Zhong Y., Liu, Z., Isaguirre, C., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2016. Fungal fermentation on anaerobic digestate for lipid-based biofuel production. Biotechnology for Biofuels 9, 253

41.  Aguilar, R., Bustamante, M., Kirk, D., Miranda, J., Baudrit, D., Aguilar, J., Rodriguez, W., Reinhold, D., Liao, W. 2016. Technical and economic feasibility of an on-site solar-bio-powered organic wastes utilization system in Central America. Journal of Environmental Management 184, 371-379

42. Yang, F., Chen, R., Yue, Z.B., Liao, W., Marsh, T. L. 2016. Phylogenetic analysis of anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure and corn stover reveals linkages between bacterial communities and digestion performance. Advances in Microbiology 6, 879-897

43. Liu, Z., Liao, W., Liu, Y. 2016. A sustainable bioreifinery concept to convert agricultural residues into value-added chemicals. Biotechnology for Biofuels 9, 197.

44. Zanotti, M., Ruan, Z., Bustamante-Roman, M., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2016. A sustainable lignocellulosic biodiesel production integrating solar- and bio-power generation. Green Chemistry 18, 5059-5068.

45. Li, Q., Powers, W., Rozeboom, D., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2016. An integrated curtain-microalgal culture system (WCMC) to recover nutrients and mitigate air emissions from animal feeding operations. Algal Research 18, 166-174.

46. Sanyal, O., Liu, Z., Yu, J., Meharg, B. M., Hong, J. S., Liao, W., Lee, I. 2016. Designing fouling-resistant clay-embedded polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes for wastewater effluent treatment. Journal of Membrane Science 512, 21-28.

47. Chen, R., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2016. Using an environmentally friendly process combining electrocoagulation and algal cultivation to treat high strength wastewater. Algal Research 16, 330-337.

48. Chen, R., Roos, M., Zhong, Y., Marsh T., Bustamante-Roman, M., Ascencio, W., Uribe, L., Lorio, L., Kirk, D., Reinhold D., Miranda, J., Baudrit, D., Aguilar, J., Rodriguez, W., Srivastava, A., Liao, W. 2016. Response of anaerobic microorganisms to different culture conditions and corresponding effects on biogas production a solid digestate quality. Biomass and Bioenergy 85, 84-93.

49. Wang, D., Zhu, Z., Wang, X., Bustamante, M., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2015. Improving mycelium-bound lipase production by aggregating Rhizopus chinensis on a draft tube in a modified stirred tank fermentor. Process Biochemistry 50, 2019-2028

50. Sanyal, O., Liu, Z., Meharg, B. M., Liao, W., Lee, I. 2015. Development of polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes to reduce the COD removal of electrocoagulation treated high-strength wastewater. Journal of Membrane Science 496, 259-266

51. Wang, X. Q., Ruan, Z. H., Sears, B. B., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2015. Transgenic expression of a bacterial thermophilic amylase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast. BioEnergy Research 8(2), 527-536

52. Zhong, Y., Bustamante-Roman, M., Zhong, Y., Archer, S., Chen, R., Deitz, L., Hochhalter, D., Balaze, K., Sperry M., Werner, E., Kirk, D., Liao, W. 2015. Using anaerobic digestion of organic wastes to biochemically store solar thermal energy. Journal of Energy 83, 638-646

53. Ruan, Z., Hollinshead, W., Isaguirre, C., Tang, Y. J., Liao, W., Liu, Y. 2015. Effects of inhibitory compounds in lignocellulosic hydrolysates on Mortierella isabellina growth and carbon utilization. Bioresource Technology 183, 18-24

54. Chen, R., Rojas-Downing, M., Zhong, Y., Saffron, C., Liao, W. 2015. Life cycle assessment of anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and food waste. Journal of Industrial Biotechnology 11(2), 127-139

55. Hussain J., Liu, Y., Araujo-Lopes, W., de-Souze, C. O., de-Carvalho, G. C., Nascimento, I. A., Liao, W. 2015. Effects of different lipid extraction methods on algal lipid yield, fatty acid profile and biodiesel quality. Journal of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 175(6), 3048-3057

56. Wang, X., Ruan, Z., Sheridan, P., Boileaud, D., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2015. Two-stage photautotrophic cultivation to improve carbohydrate production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biomass and Bioenergy 74, 280-287

57. Liu, Z., Stromberg, D., Liu, X., Liao, W., Liu, Y. 2015. A new multiple-stage electrocoagulation process on anaerobic digestion effluent to simultaneously reclaim water and clean up biogas. Journal of Hazardous Materials 285, 483-490

58. Zhong, Y., Ruan, Z., Zhong, Y., Archer, S., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2015. A self-sustaining advanced lignocellulosic biofuel production by integration of anaerobic digestion and aerobic fungal fermentation. Bioresource Technology 179, 173-179

59. Hussain, J., Ruan, Z., Nascimento, I. A., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2014. Lipid profiling and corresponding biodiesel quality of Mortierella isabellina using different drying and extraction methods. Bioresource Technology 169, 768-772

60. Nascimento, I. A., Izabel-Marques, S. S., de-Carvalho, G. C., Druzian, J. I., de-Souza, C. O., Nascimento, M. A., Hussain, J., Liao, W. 2014. Microalgae versus land-crops as feedstock for biodiesel: productivity, quality and compliance to standards. BioEnergy Research 7,1002-1013

61. Chen, R., Thomas, B. D., Liu, Y., Mulbry, W., Liao, W. 2014. Effects of algal hydrolysate as reaction medium on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses. Biomass and Bioenergy 67,72-78

62. Ruan, Z., Zanotti, M., Archer, S., Liao, W., Liu, Y. 2014. Oleaginous fungal lipid fermentation on combined acid- and alkali-pretreated corn stover hydrolysate for advanced biofuel production. Bioresource Technology 163,12-17

63. Zhang, L., Wang, X. Q., Ruan, Z. H., Liu, Y., Niu, X. R., Yue, Z. B., Liao, W., Liu, Y. 2014. Fungal cellulase/xylanase production and corresponding hydrolysis using pretreated corn stover as substrates. Journal of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 172(2), 1045-1054

64. Yue, Z. B., MacLellan, J., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2013. Effects of corn stover as carbon supplement on an integrated anaerobic digestion and ethanol fermentation process. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 5, 063116

65. Liu, Z. G., Ruan, Z. H., Xiao, Y., Yi, Y., Tang, Y., Liao, W., Liu, Y. 2013. Integration of sewage sludge digestion with advanced fuel synthesis. Bioresource Technology 132, 166-170.

66. MacLellan, J., Chen, R., Kraemer, R., Zhong, Y., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2013. Anaerobic treatment of lignocellulosic material to co-produce methane and digested fiber for ethanol biorefining. Bioresource Technology 130, 418-423.

67. Ruan, Z. H., Zanotti, M., Ducey, C., Liao, W., Liu, Y. 2013. Co-hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for microbial lipid accumulation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 110(4), 1039-1049. (Spotlight of the journal)

68. Yue, Z. B., Chen, R., Yang, F., MacLellan, J., Marsh, T., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2013. Effects of dairy manure and corn stover co-digestion on anaerobic microbes and corresponding digestion performance. Bioresource Technology 128, 65-71.

69. Mulbry, W., Reeves, J., Liu, Y., Ruan, Z., Liao, W. 2012. Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopic determination of algal composition. Journal of Applied Phycology 24(5), 1261-1267.

70. Chen, R., Yue, Z., Dietz L., Liu, Y., Mulbry, W., Liao. W. 2012. Use of an algal hydrolysate to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Bioresource Technology 108, 149-154.

71. Chen, R., Li, R., Dietz, L., Liu, Y., Stevenson, J., Liao, W. 2012. Freshwater algal cultivation with animal waste for nutrient removal and biomass accumulation. Journal of Biomass and Bioenergy 39, 128-138.

72. Zhang, L., Liu, Y., Niu, X., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2012. Effects of acid and alkali treated lignocellulosic materials on cellulase/xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 and corresponding enzymatic hydrolysis. Journal of Biomass and Bioenergy 37, 16-24.

73. Yue, Z., Teater, C., MacLellan, J., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2011. Development of a new bioethanol feedstock – anaerobically digested fiber from confined dairy operations using different digestion configurations. Journal of Biomass and Bioenergy 35, 1946-1953.

74. Li, Z., Liu, Y., Liao, W., Chen, S., Zemetra, R. S. 2011. Bioethanol production using genetically modified and mutant wheat and barley straws. Journal of Biomass and Bioenergy 35, 542-548.

75. Teater, C., Yue, Z., MacLellan, J., Liu, Y., Liao, W. 2011. Assessing solid digestate from anaerobic digestion as feedstock for ethanol production. Bioresource Technology 102, 1856-1862.

76. Liao, W., Frear, C., Oakley, K., Chen, S. 2010. Leaching-bed reactor for producing stabilized plant growing media from dairy manure. Biosystems Engineering 106, 278-285.

77. Yue, Z., Teater, C., Liu, Y., MacLellan, J., Liao, W. 2010. A sustainable pathway of cellulosic ethanol production integrating anaerobic digestion with biorefining. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 105(6) 1031-1039.

78. Safferman, S., Liao, W., Saffron, C. 2009. Engineering the Bioeconomy. Journal of Environmental Engineering – ASCE 135(11), 1085-1085.

79. Liao, W., Liu, Y., Wen, Z., Frear, C., Chen, S. 2008. Kinetic modeling of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in differently pretreated fibers from a nitrogen-rich lignocellulosic material – dairy manure. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 101(3), 441-451.

80. Wu, B., Liu, Y., Liao, W., Chen, S. 2008. A numerical model for predicting diffusivity in a biocatalyst particle with heterogeneous reactions. Journal of AiChE 54(8), 2182-2189.

81. Liu, Y., Liao, W., Chen, S. 2008. Co-production of L-(+)-lactic acid and chitin using a pelletized filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 395 cultured on cull potatoes and glucose. Journal of Applied Microbiology 105, 1521-1528.

82. Liao, W., Liu, Y., Frear, C., Chen, S. 2008. Co-production of fumaric acid and chitin from a nitrogen-rich agricultural residue — dairy manure using fungal fermentation. Bioresource Technology 99(13), 5859-5866.

83.  Liu, Y., Liao, W., Chen, S. 2008. Study of pellet formation of filamentous fungi—Rhizopus oryzae using a multiple logistic regression model. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 99(1), 117-128.

84. Liao, W., Liu, Y., Chen, S. 2007. Studying pellet formation of a filamentous fungus – Rhizopus oryzae to enhance organic acid production. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 136-140, 689-701.

85. Liao, W., Liu, Y., Chen, S. 2007. A new approach of pellet formation of a filamentous fungus – Rhizopus oryzae. Bioresource Technology 98 (18), 3415-3423.

86. Liao, W., Liu, Y., Wen, Z., Frear, C., Chen, S. 2007. Studying the effects of acid treatment on components of dairy manure and cellulose accumulation using dilute acid treatment. Bioresource Technology 98(10), 1992-1999.

87. Liao, W., Liu, Y., Liu, C., Wen, Z., Chen, S. 2006. Acid hydrolysis of fiber from dairy manure. Bioresource Technology 97(14), 1687 - 1695.

88. Liu, Y., Liao, W., Chen, S. 2006. Optimization of L-(+)-lactic acid production using pellet-form Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 395. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 129-132, 844-853.

89. Wen, Z., Liao, W., Chen. S. 2005. Production of cellulose/β-glucosidase by the mixed fungi culture Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus phoenicis on dairy manure. Process Biochemistry. 40(9), 3087-3094.

90. Liao, W., Wen, Z., Hurley, S., Liu, Y., Liu, C., Chen, S. 2005. Effects of hemicellulose, lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from dairy manure. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 121-124, 1017-1030.

91. Liu, Y., Wen, Z., Liao, W., Liu, C., Chen, S. 2005. Optimization of L-(+)-lactic acid production process from cull potato by Rhizopus oryzae. Engineering in Life Sciences 5(4), 343 – 349.

92.  Chen, S., Wen, Z., Liao, W., Liu, C., Kincaid, R. L., Harrison, J. H., Elliott, D. C., Stevens, D. J. 2005. Studies into using manure for biorefinery. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 121-124, 999-1015.

93. Wen, Z., Liao, W., Chen, S. 2005. Production of cellulase by Trichoderma reesei from dairy manure. Bioresource Technology 96(4), 491-499.

94. Liao, W., Liu, Y., Liu, C., Chen, S. 2004. Optimizing dilute acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose in a nitrogen-rich cellulosic material—dairy manure. Bioresource Technology 94(1), 33 – 41.

95. Liu, C., Liu, Y., Liao, W., Wen, Z., Chen, S. 2004. Simultaneous production of nisin and lactic acid from cheese whey: optimization of fermentation conditions through statistically based experimental designs. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 114(1-3), 627-638.

96. Wen, Z., Liao, W., Chen, S., 2004. Hydrolysis of animal manure lignocellulosics for reducing sugar production. Bioresource Technology 91(1), 31-39.

97. Liu, C., Liu, Y., Liao, W., Wen, Z., Chen, S., 2003. Application of statistically-based experimental designs for the optimization of nisin production from whey. Biotechnology Letter 25(11), 877 – 882.

98. Liu, Y., Jiang, X., Liao, W., Guan, H., 2002. Analysis of oligoguluronic acids with NMR, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. J. Chromatography A. 968(1-2), 71-78.

99. Liao, W., Gu, G., Zhao, G. 1997. Further studies on peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, lipoxygenase, catalase during malting and mashing. Food and Fermentation Industry 136, 1-7. (In Chinese)

100. Liao, W., Gu, G., Zhao, G. 1996. Flavor staling in beer. Brewing 112, 1-15. (In Chinese)

101.  Liao, W., Gu, G., Zhao, G. 1996. The effect of rice on beer flavor staling. Brewing Technology 46, 16-20. (In Chinese)

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