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Unit 5: Water cycle
Unit 5: Water cycle
S4E3. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to demonstrate the water cycle.
Vocabulary:
- Water Cycle: The process by which water circulates through the oceans, atmosphere, and land. Another name for it is the hydrologic cycle.
- Evaporation: The process in which a liquid changes into a gas. It is the opposite of condensation (water rises from the ground)
- Transpiration: The process in which water evaporates from plants. Moisture is carried through plants from the roots to the leaves. The water changes to vapor (plants sweat the water out)
- Condensation: The process in which gas changes into liquid when it touches a cooler surface. It is the opposite of evaporation (water turns into a cloud)
- Precipitation: When water droplets from condensation become heavy enough to fall back to earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail (water falls down)
- Run off: When excess water flows over land because the soil is flooded. Run off water flows back into the lakes, oceans, and rivers. The amount of runoff depends on physical features of the land, the nature of the soil, and the amount of precipitation.
- Accumulation: The process is which water pools into larger bodies of water, like rivers, lakes, oceans. Similar to collection. (water gathers all around)
- Sublimation: When a solid turns DIRECTLY into a gas without turning into liquid.
- Solid: One of the four states of matter. In this state, the molecules are so close together that they can only vibrate.
- Liquid: One of the four states of matter. In this state, the molecules are can flow freely and take the shape of the container they are in.
- Gas: One of the four states of matter. In this state, the molecules move freely and are independent of each other.
- Water Vapor: One of the four states of matter. In this state, the molecules move freely and are independent of each other.
Unit 4: Force & Motion, Simple Machines
Unit 4: Force & Motion, Simple Machines
S4P3. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the relationship between balanced and unbalanced forces.
Vocabulary:
- Gravity: the natural force that causes things to fall toward the earth
- Acceleration: a change in speed (velocity) or direction
- Friction: a force that opposes motion between two objects that are in contact
- Force: a push or a pull an action that will change the motion of an object
- Push: exert force on (someone or something), typically with one's hand, in order to move them away from oneself
- Pull: exert force on (someone or something), typically by taking hold of them, in order to move or try to move them toward you
- Work: the result of a force moving an object
- Mass: a measure of the amount of matter in an object
- Speed: the rate of motion (distance ÷ time)
- Motion: an object’s change in position over time
- Inclined Plane: Straight, slanted surface; Makes work easier because it is easier to move something to a higher or lower place
- Wedge: Inclined plane that moves; Two inclined planes joined back to back; Wider or thicker at one end than at the other; Makes work easier because when moved, a wedge cuts, splits, or pries apart objects (including air and water)
- Screw: Inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder with a wedge at the tip; Makes work easier because it applies lots of force with little effort; Makes work easier because it is used to hold things together; More threads on a screw make it easier to turn, but it takes longer; A screw might be called a complex machine because it has both an inclined plane and a wedge at its tip
- Lever: Made up of a bar that pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrum; Force applied to a lever is called the effort; Object moved is the load; Three classes of levers
- Wheel & Axle: Consists of two circular objects of different sizes; A wheel is connected to a post (axle); Wheel is larger than the axle; Makes work easier because it applies more force or lifts a heavy load with less effort
- Pulley: Wheel and axle with a groove around the outside; A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt around the groove to make it do work; Pulley systems can consist of one or more fixed pulleys, one or more movable pulleys, or both fixed and movable pulleys; Makes work easier by changing the direction of the force or multiplying the effort used
Check this out!!:
Check this out!!:
Rube Goldberg Design Simulation Activity
UNIT 3: ECOSYSTEMS
UNIT 3: ECOSYSTEMS
S4L1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the roles of organisms and the flow of energy within an ecosystem.
Vocabulary:
- Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a large community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) that live in one area.
- Community: A natural group (as of kinds of plants and animals) living together and depending on one another for various necessities of life (as food or shelter).
- Habitat: An area in which an organism lives.
- Food Chain: How different organisms eat each other, starting out with a plant and ending with an animal.
- Food Web: In any ecosystem there are many food chains and, generally, most plants and animals are part of several chains. When you draw all the chains together you end up with a food web.
- Producer: An organism that makes its own food and serves as a source of food for other organisms.
- Consumer: An organism that eats other organisms in the food chain.
- Decomposer: A consumer that uses dead plants and animals for food.
- Carnivore: Meat eater
- Herbivore: Plant eater
- Omnivore: Eats both plants and animals
- Predator: A predator is an animal that eats other animals
- Prey: An animal that is eaten by another animal.
- Camouflage: The hiding or disguising of something by covering it up or changing the way it looks.
Unit 2: Light
Unit 2: Light
S4P1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the nature of light and how light interacts with objects.
Vocabulary:
- artificial light- light that is produced by electrical sources (light bulbs)
- natural light- light that is produced by natural sources (the sun)
- transparent- allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen
- translucent- allowing light, but not detailed shapes, to pass through
- opaque- not able to be seen through
- absorb- to soak something up or take something in.
- block-to place or be in the way so that people or things cannot pass through or enter.
- clear- clean, colorless and easy to see through.
- dark- with very little light or without light.
- dull- not shiny.
- shiny- smooth and bright; glossy.
- light- brightness from the sun, lamp or something similar; energy that makes seeing possible.
- reflect- to bounce off or throw back from.
- shadow- a dark shape formed when an object is between light and a surface.
Unit 1: Sound
Unit 1: Sound
S4P2. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about how sound is produced and changed and how sound and/or light can be used to communicate.
Check out this website for lessons, facts, and videos about sound!
Vocabulary:
- Amplitude-height of a sound wave
- Frequency-the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second)
- Sound-a form of energy that travels as waves through matter
- Vibrate (vibrations)-to move back and forth quickly
- Wave-a change that carries energy from one place to another
- Wave length-distance between one crest [top of a wave] to another or one trough [bottom of a wave] to another
Use these Quizlet flashcards to help you study the vocabulary for Unit 1!
https://quizlet.com/416918999/basic-sound-fourth-grade-flash-cards/
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