Processes and structures in the world can be abstract or invisible to the naked eye. As these cannot be observed directly, we construct models as representations to understand them. These models are developed or modified based on evidence and can help us develop explanations and make reasonable predictions of the phenomena. Technological advancements and the discovery of new evidence mean models of phenomena constantly evolve. The new knowledge contributes to advancement in Science and technology, which in turn allows us to improve life around us.

● Why is the construction and use of models important?

● How do we know that the models used are appropriate representations of the real phenomena?

● Models are simplified representations of phenomena that provide a physical, conceptual or mathematical perception of reality.

● Models are constructed to explain phenomena.

● Models can be used to make predictions.

Chapter 5: Ray Model of Light

Chapter 6: Model of Cells - The Basic Unit of Life

Chapter 7: Model of Matter - The Particulate Nature of Matter

Chapter 8: Model of Matter - Atoms and Molecules