Further Reading

Here are some more sources that might be of interest to you.

Web Articles

• People are using Facebook and Instagram as search engines. During a pandemic, that's dangerous.

• How Search Engines Spread Misinformation

• Teal Swan & The Craziest Wellness Cult Conspiracy You’ve Never Heard Of

• How the 'Stop the Steal' movement outwitted Facebook ahead of the Jan. 6 insurrection

• The conspiracy and disinformation challenge on e-commerce platforms

• Finding content you want when the algorithm doesn't

• AI Bias Could Put Women’s Lives At Risk - A Challenge For Regulators

• Ethical Google Alternatives: 2021 Update - ethical.net

Journal Articles/Studies

• The Impact of Search Engine Selection and Sorting Criteria on Vaccination Beliefs and Attitudes

• Google Data Collection

• COVID-19 Vaccine Disinformation on YouTube: Analysis of a Viewing Network

• Where the Earth is flat and 9/11 is an inside job: A comparative algorithm audit of conspiratorial information in web search results

• Structure-Adaptive Neighborhood Preserving Hashing for Scalable Video Search

• When Algorithms Shape Collective Action: Social Media and the Dynamics of Cloud Protesting

• Constructing Research, Constructing the Platform: Algorithms and the Rhetoricity of Social Media Research

• Reinscribing gender: social media, algorithms, bias

Books

• (Dis)Obedience in Digital Societies: Perspectives on the Power of Algorithms and Data edited by Sven Quadflieg, Klaus Neuburg, and Simon Nestler

• Algorithms of Oppression by Safiya Umjoa Noble

• All Data are Local by Yanni Alexander Louikissas

Platform-specific sources

Snapchat

• Mullery, S. (2021, April 7). How does the Snapchat algorithm work in 2021? Tinuiti. Retrieved May 6, 2022, from https://tinuiti.com/blog/paid-social/snapchat-algorithm/#:~:text=Snapchat%20Lenses%20use%20the%20Viola-Jones%20algorithm%20to%20apply,Active%20Shape%20Model%20to%20fully%20detect%20your%20features.

• Polny, J. M., & Wihbey, J. P. (2021, June 5). Snapchat (snap inc..). The Ethics Institute. Retrieved May 6, 2022, from https://cssh.northeastern.edu/ethics/snapchat-snap-inc/.

Twitter

• Chowdhury, R. (2021, May 19). Sharing learnings about our image cropping algorithm [web log]. https://blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/insights/2021/sharing-learnings-about-our-image-cropping-algorithm.

• Chowdhury, R., & Belli, L. (2021, October 21). Examining algorithmic amplification of political content on Twitter [web log]. https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2021/rml-politicalcontent.

• Chowdhury, R., & Belli, L. (2021, October 21). Examining algorithmic amplification of political content on Twitter [web log]. https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2021/rml-politicalcontent.

• The Engineering Behind Twitter’s New Search Experience. (2021, May 31). [web log]. https://blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/a/2011/the-engineering-behind-twitter-s-new-search-experience.

• Williams, J., & Chowdhury, R. (2021, April 14). Introducing our Responsible Machine Learning Initiative [web log]. https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2021/introducing-responsible-machine-learning-initiative.