Pantelleria is a volcanic island, and as of such is home to a great deal of igneous volcanic rocks. In particular it is the home of a particular form of peralkin rhyolitic rock known as pantellerite. All of this follows expected trends as Pantelleria is an island formed by volcanic processes. Beyond rhyolite Pantelleria is also home to basalt, trachyte, and trachybasalt. (31)

The island of Pantelleria is situated right along the boundary between the Eurasian and African plates. Although the African plate around Pantelleria is subducting under the Eurasian plate, the island presents a strange anomaly. The island of Sicily is rotating clockwise, which has stretched out the Sicily Channel. The stretching creates melting and as a result Pantelleria itself was created through volcanism(36). The defining feature of the island is the Cinque Denti caldera and other volcanic features such as pumice cones, lava domes, and lava flows (34). 

Volcanic activity on the island has been relatively calm in recent years, with a submarine eruption in 1891 being the only recorded historical event. However, the island itself is actively subsiding as a result of magma cooling beneath the island's calderas (35). 

Pantelleria being an volcanic island is located on the Sicily Channel and has three main tectonic depressions including: Pantelleria, Linosa and Malta Basins. Plate tectonics under an island can cause erosion because when they shift or uplift they cause deformation. On the island this has caused many of the cliffs to become very eroded (32).

• The plate tectonics shifting on the island has resulted in the southern and southern eastern shorelines of Pantelleria to have many landslides (32). 

Pantelleria being an island also gets weathering and erosion through the ocean as well. The coastlines of Pantelleria have changed and shifted throughout the years due to flooding caused by medicanes or high amounts of rain in which the water wears down the rock, soil and sand (33). 

Small islands, such as Pantelleria,  typically have some form of fresh water scarcity and in fact our island is one of them. Safe cooking and drinking water is a major concern for the local and national governments. Most of the tap drinking water comes from rainfall during the winter time. Although, when that reserve of rain water expires they turn to the islands desalinator. So, local officials request that citizens and tourists "drink with care" but bottled water is preferred (41). 

There are two lakes on the island. One is much larger and more attended than another and that one is named Lago di Venere.  This scenic lake in the northeast corner of the Island attracts swimmers and mud bath goers on hot summer afternoons (42). 

Pantelleria is an Island of Volcanic origin. Despite the fact that glaciers still exist in the mountains of southern Sicily, there is no substantial evidence that glaciers helped to form Pantelleria into the island that it is now(20).  

Due to Pantelleria being an island, it is constantly battered by wind and waves. Due to the island's location within the Mediterranean winds and waves are the biggest contributors to the islands shape in terms of coastline and mainland features.  The biggest example of this is the island's lack of beaches, as instead the island has rough rocky cliffs facing the sea. The affect wind has on the island can be seen through the vegetation, as scrubs dominate the land due to high winds uprooting taller trees(30).