Pantalleria is a small island, therefore it is home to only one biome and one ecoregion. Biome wise it is within the wider Mediterranean biome and can be called subtropical (17).

Ecoregion wise it can be described as a, "Thyrrenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and Mixed Forest". This ecoregion is characterized by hot summers and humid winters and 400 - 1200 mm of rainfall annually. Finally, the ecoregion has a great deal of plant diversity (18) .

Pantelleria is  a volcanic island at origin, in which elevation at the extinct crater of the Magna Grande volcano is 2,743 feet above sea level. The volcano has not erupted since 1891 (where it was underwater), although there is hot mineral springs that indicate the volcano is still active .The island is very fertile for agriculture, but lacks fresh water in a lot of areas (20).

The vegetation on the island is extremely unique due to the island going from sea level all the way to 250 mt high in altitude. It is described as being a Mediterranean scrubland on the sea level with mix of pine forests as you go up in altitude. There is over 640 species of  plant life  on the island, including 13 endemism, which means they original origin is specific only to Pantelleria(21).

Regarding animal life, Pantelleria plays a vital role in the migration for many different species of birds. Many birds stop at the island when they are traveling between the continents of Europe and Africa.  The species include the endangered nun seal, pilgrim falcon and the big beret(22).

For the majority of our Island, most of the vegetation and wildlife is only altered and characterized by the climate. Such as, the lack of rain causes hardships within the grape and caper industry; overall the island significantly lacks water/rain.  Although, apart from the present, the long history of Pantelleria's vegetation has be affected (apart from climate) by human activity. Human action such as fires and grazing has greatly influenced the landscape and the landscapes' ability to be cultivated. Grazing can lead to lands that cannot be developed, and controlled fires can obviously become uncontrolled via wildfires or roaring ash.

The wildlife on Pantelleria has unfortunately also be greatly effected by human action, such as, hunting. For example, despite the ban of hunting, animal population such as the seal still shrink. 

Fundamentally, this place is an Island and most wildlife and vegetation is significantly influenced by the climate. Although the human race does things out of connivence and it ultimately alters the land. 

As with every region of Earth, the island of Pantelleria is affected by climate change. Drought, wildfires, and flooding have all been listed as potential and current threats facing the island. The island has also been affected by tornadoes, earthquakes, and volcanic activity. Those threats are especially relevant for the danger they pose to the island's long standing history of agriculture and viticulture. However, the island itself does a fairly good job of limiting emissions and pollution. Pantelleria has been described by Italy's Smart Island Project as a "model of renewable energy production and management"(26). Wind, solar, and geothermal resources are readily available on the island. The Mediterranean Sea around the island is also heavily affected by various invasive species, such as the scyphozoan jellyfish which has affected both tourism and fishing on and near the island. Certain species of herbivorous rabbit fish have contributed to significant habitat loss and biodiversity loss as they reduce algal meadows to "barrens"(27).