Conclusions

Phylogenetic trees constructed from COII data demonstrated distinct clades corresponding to each species, and sequence differences were consistent with their current taxonomic classifications. These molecular findings support the hypothesis that D. carolina, D. pictipennis, D. longipennis, and D. spurcata represent genetically distinct lineages rather than regional variants of a single species. The results validated morphological classifications and demonstrated the usefulness of the COII gene as a molecular marker in resolving complex species relationships.

    Morphological analysis, based on the wing characteristics of each specimen, provides further evidence supporting species differentiation. The coloring, banding pattern, and markings of each specimen imaged aligned with specific morphological characteristics used for identification. 

    This study reinforces the importance of an integrative taxonomic approach using morphological and genetic analyses. Understanding species divergence within the Dissosteira species contributes to species identification and broader discussions on speciation, evolutionary history, and biodiversity conservation in North American grasshoppers.