Introduction  

Introduction

Undeniably, there have always existed issues with racism, biases, and inequalities in humanity; these have persisted throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century in the United States. Under the analysis of American history, it can be observed that there has been higher prevalence in Southern regions of the country. Although these issues have existed in other facets of government and the criminal justice system, there are specific implications that emanate from judicial rulings, as they set local, state, and national precedents on many issues. This, in turn, influences the social, moral and political perspectives of the United States, resulting in a perpetual cycle. While there has been much progress made in reforms to deconstruct this cycle of racism, it thrived through the 1860s to the 1970s; it is important to reflect on this time to understand how to prevent regression and continue this progression.