(Johnson et al., 2017)
When looking at one of the southern states being analysed, South Carolina, we can see that the five cities (Barnwell, Charleston, Greensville, Spartanburg, York) have the highest convection rates, with all of the convictions being Juvenile African-Americans.
The cities of Charleston, Greensville, Spartanburg, and York had rapid growth periods between the 1860s and 1970s, while Barnwell remained a smaller rural town. The geographical conditions of the cities, along with political policies of the time, led to higher race biases.
(Johnson et al., 2017)