LGBTQ+ Political History
LGBTQ+ Political History
Equal Protections Lewiston: Arguments on Who Belongs
Portsmouth, N.H , native Charlie Howard, circa the late 1970s, at Portsmouth High School, where he was a student. Courtesy photo of Boston Spirit magazine
Charlie Howard was a 23-year-old man who attended a potluck event, as part of an inclusion event for LGBTQ people at a Unitarian Church in 1984. Afterward, his boyfriend and he were walking across a bridge when 3 juvenile boys took chase of the couple. Howard wasn’t able to escape the three teens and he “was beaten and thrown from a bridge in Bangor” (Sun Journal,08.Nov.1984, pg. 17). The boys who committed the murder were tried and convicted but ultimately maintained their lives and citizenship status while Howard was buried in an unmarked grave and his brutal death was used over and over again by newspapers who seemed to relish in the gory details. This type of treatment was common for members of the LGBTQ community throughout Maine. Even the perception of queerness could be the reason someone was fired, evicted, shunned, or murdered without any legal resources. Being LGBTQ meant your human rights didn’t apply. This would serve as a social flash point in Maine. A time when people would ask themselves what kind of future they wanted to live in.
Picture Courtice of Annette Dragon, ACT UP photo documentary, USM Special Collections
The Fight over Equal Rights or, rather the battle of defining difference between equal protections and special privleges, came into the spotlight in the early nineteen-nineties when citizens of Lewiston, Portland, and Maine rit-large urged legislators to pass the equal protections for all Maine citizens. A seemingly routine city ordinance set forth by Lewiston police Chief Laurent F. Gilbert, Sr pushed for city ordinance that ensure people who identified as LGBTQ AI+ would be treated equally in regards to housing, banking; ensuring equal access to the private and public space of Lewiston Maine. Shortly after the ordinance was sent ou,t in flock protests against the Lewiston ordinance supported by the Equal Protections Lewiston. Following five hours of heated debate, the Lewiston City Council approved a queer-inclusive non-discrimination ordinance., but was soon overturned in a citywide referendum the following November, losing 2 to 1. The loss is attributed to the influence of the Catholic Church in this largely Franco-American city. Protesters against the ordinance hold signs saying "No special right!", "Pope John Paul votes no!", "Protect our Children, and "The twin cities- Sodom & Gomorrah"
Gilbert's plea to community members: “This ordinance will truly be reflective of our voice as a community which provides for A Living Bill of Rights...moving this proposed ordinance forward is simply a means of caring and helping. President Bush called upon us to become a kinder, gentler nation. President-elect Clinton, in his campaign called for an end to discrimination in our military.” The ordinance was chiefly about adding sexual orientation to the group of people protected by the bill or rights. This article, however, seems the be prevenatively placating an audience who will be reading it closely. Which leads to another question. How did the opposition organize a message that had staying power and shifted to conversation among the people? For that, we will need to rewind just a little
The year 1992, an up-and-coming key player in this campaign, creator of the right-wing Christian Nationalist mass media group, Focus on the Family, fraudulent Doctor James Dobson was reaching “Nearly 1,800 radio stations” and “often offers [itself] as a platform for other Christian Conservatives”. This gave the anti-gay protections campaign access to much of Maine’s working-class conservatives who were already listening to conservative radio to hear the opposition team The Christian Civic League of Maine echoes Reed’s sentiment. A part of their messaging included obfuscating the goal of the ordinance.
“This new law isn’t about discrimination. Again, there has been no widespread discrimination against gays in this state in the areas of housing, and employment…there are many instances when people have [a] good reason for not wanting to expose themselves or their families to homosexuality. That is not discrimination and the law should not decree that it is!”
Ultimately, Mainers would see this campaign for the lie that it was. However, the organized opposition to the ordinance displayed the lengths some Christian Nationalist Mainers went to present how deeply Maine wanted to remain a sanctioned state where hate crime fueled acts of violence against LGBTQ people with no recourse for the victims. The goal was to legislate queer people out of the city. In the case of Charlie Howard,his offenders spent less than two years in custody. Two of them were not able to be contacted by journalists. “Only one convicted murderer was tracked down, but he was still unwilling to talk to investigators” (Bangor Daily, 2009). Which is what the Christian CIvic League was truly against–the protection of LGBTQ+ individuals.
Because at its core, LGBTQ+ individuals have no place in the nationalized Christian Agenda. “They intend to take their Bible-based religious beliefs and make them our civil laws” which is why the Christian Civic League went so hard against Equal Protection Lewiston. There is no room for homosexuals in the ideal world of highly influential thought leaders of organizations like Focus on the Family After more than a decade of a grueling fight, the Equal Protection Ordinance officially passed, unopposed, in 1997. Enough community members were able to see that, between Charlie Howard and escalating attacks on the vulnerable, it was time to include LGBTQ folks in the language for Maine’s bill of rights. This allowed people who faced harassment in the workplace, in public, or worse, such as physical assaults, to have a place to report the crimes. In 2011, Maine became one of the first states to include same-sex marriage to their legislation and LGBTQ+ Mainers are identified in the same protected status as other marginalized groups. Today, Maine stands relatively high on civil rights for and inclusion of LGBTQ Mainers both legislative and socially.
Picture Courtice of Annette Dragon, ACT UP photo documentary, USM Special Collections
Picture Courtice of Annette Dragon, ACT UP photo documentary, USM Special Collections
In 1992 Our Paper –a queer newsletter– published an article written by Malcom Smith: Playing the Victim, Religious Right Uses Family Values to Spread Hate. Smith highlights that “family values has become the politically correct term for gay bashing. The issue of family values was found, at the time of the Republican Convention- to be a major issue for only three percent of Americans, while the economy was a major concern for one-third of the nation, the republicans chose to use the former issue to help forget the latter and did so with a hate-filled vengeance” Instead of focusing on matter of the nation, the Republican Convention focused on a messaging platform to gay bash. George Bush the head of the Republican party at the time on LGBTQ marriage sets the tone for the local messaging battle in question. “... a lifestyle that in my view is not normal. I don’t, I’m not, I don’t favor that”. In that same year, the Sun Journal spotlighted Associated Press writer, John King’s segment called Religion and Politics. Featured is a young republican who has an insightful action-based plan for Christian Nationalist revival. “...This debate over the movement’s long-term course comes in a year in which the Christian right’s immediate agenda is packed with state efforts to limit homosexual rights, restrict abortion access and reshape America’s public schools…we can’t let a misguided army of liberals and homosexuals make a mockery of our country, a mockery of moral values, a mockery of God’s laws…Reed directs the [ Christian] coalition…to run campaigns and influence public policy”
The question of citizenship, of belonging, has always been dystopic for LGBTQ people in America. If their human status isn’t being questioned, their identity or their life would be. Dishonorable discharge for being identified as LGBTQ+, immigration blockades, or unmitigated violence against the marginalized people of a community. LGBTQ+ people for much of history and the present day risk losing protected status on the whim of those in power of legislation. A big warning light that is evident in Maine’s present legislative authority in the second district is of Senator Susan Collins, a resident of the very city Charlie Howard was murdered, in Bangor, Maine. In 2019, Susan Collins signed a promise to, “The Christian Civic League of Maine that she will oppose any bill that comes through the Senate calling for the inclusion of LGBTQ people as protected citizens.” The very notion that Collins, the people's representative, would go against is concerning for the citizens she is supposed to support. Or as a Maine journalist noted, “We had reason to celebrate when Sen. Collins signed on to co-sponsor the Equality Act in 2019. She stood out for her willingness to buck her party's hateful rhetoric and support legislation that would take away the uncertainty LGBTQ+ Americans face. Now, it feels her support was just an election year plot…the Christian Civic League of Maine, an anti-LGBTQ+ hate group, threw their full support behind Sen. Collins…The Christian Civic League led the opposition to…the Equality Act, calling the bill, “an attempt to eradicate the divinely designed differences between men and women” (Portland Press Herald, Mar. 6th, 2021). Even as the language for and acceptance of LGBTQ people is much higher than it was a few decades ago, we now see a more concerted effort to strip established rights away from United States citizens using extremist talking points, mass media, and division politics as a means to obtain a Maine that looks more like 1986 than 2026. Is this the future that you want to live in?
Resources:
LGBT Rights Legislation Collection, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer+ Collection, Jean Byers Sampson Center for Diversity in Maine, University of Southern Maine Libraries.
Community Pride Reporter, "Community Pride Reporter, 11/1997" (1997). Community Pride Reporter (1993-1999). 17.
https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/cpr/17, 10 https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=no-name-yet-newsletter
"EPA, Focus on the family religious right plan" Newspapers.com. Sun-Journal, September 5, 1993. https://www.newspapers.com/article/sun-journal-epa-focus-on-the-family-rel/13648892
Herald, Portland Press. n.d. “Collins' reversal on the Equality Act is a betrayal of our community Confirming anti-LGBTQ+ judges, embracing a hate group's support and flip-flopping on federal anti-bias protections aren't the actions of an ally.” Portland Press Herald.
“05 Sep 1993, 3 - Sun-Journal at Newspapers.Com.” Accessed December 12, 2023. https://www.newspapers.com/image/832843762/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjgzMjg0Mzc2MiwiaWF0IjoxNzAyMDY5NTAwLCJleHAiOjE3MDIxNTU5MDB9.S_-uUjzUtRD8IqPR_6BXBlqZvYZribJftYVQQVocph8.
Newspapers.com. “EPA, 1980, Christian Civic League, Voice of the People,” October 30, 1980.https://www.newspapers.com/article/morning-sentinel-epa-1980-christian-ci/136488055/.