A single host will only need a single microphone to record their audio.
In a double-host or interview format, two microphones are used to better balance the audio. Stereo microphones can also be used to record both podcast participants.
Groups can be recorded with one microphone per person or using an omnidirectional microphone to record the entire conversation.
Editing software is also capable of recording audio captured by a USB microphone or the onboard microphone. Recording directly to a computer reduces the number of devices required but can also limit the number and types of compatible microphones.
Using an audio recorder often enables the use of higher quality and a greater number of microphones. Some audio recorders have integrated microphones which eliminate the need for external microphones altogether.
Making a decision on where to record can be as important, if not more so, then the equipment used for the recording. Factors such as ambient noise, proximity to populated areas or traffic, and the possibility of interruption should all be taken into account when selecting a location and setting up equipment. Many institutions have facilities that are insulated against sound specifically for recording purposes.
While the episode length is usually determined in the planning phase, it's important to plan the recording session with this in mind. There needs to be ample time for setup, recording, and tear-down. If guests are invited, there needs to be time set aside to ensure they are comfortable and ready.
Having notes or an episode schedule keeps the participants focused and on topic for the recording. Off-topic conversations or neglected topics can necessitate additional recording sessions or extensive editing to correct. Excellent content can result from following a conversation's natural flow and direction, but extraneous material could require substantial time to edit.