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SS5H3 The student will describe how life changed in America at the turn of the century.
SS5H3 The student will describe how life changed in America at the turn of the century.
a. Describe the role of the cattle trails in the late 19th century; include the Black Cowboys of Texas, the Great Western Cattle Trail, and the Chisholm Trail.
a. Describe the role of the cattle trails in the late 19th century; include the Black Cowboys of Texas, the Great Western Cattle Trail, and the Chisholm Trail.
Vocabulary: cattle trails, cowboys, railroads, territories, 19th century
Vocabulary: cattle trails, cowboys, railroads, territories, 19th century
S5E1 Use the basic economic concepts of trade, opportunity cost, specialization, productivity, and price incentives to illustrate historical events.
S5E1 Use the basic economic concepts of trade, opportunity cost, specialization, productivity, and price incentives to illustrate historical events.
b. Explain how price incentives affect people’s behavior and choices (e.g., decisions to participate in cattle trails because of increased beef prices).
b. Explain how price incentives affect people’s behavior and choices (e.g., decisions to participate in cattle trails because of increased beef prices).
Turn of Century Kahoot Challenge
Turn of Century Kahoot Challenge
Old West Cattle Trails
Old West Cattle Trails
Cattle trails were very important to the growth of the Western territories and states. This growth was due to the development of the railroads. As rail lines and railheads developed, cattle were shipped quickly over long distances where larger profits were possible in urban areas. Two specific cattle trails are The Chisholm Trail and the Great Western Cattle Trail.
Cattle trails were very important to the growth of the Western territories and states. This growth was due to the development of the railroads. As rail lines and railheads developed, cattle were shipped quickly over long distances where larger profits were possible in urban areas. Two specific cattle trails are The Chisholm Trail and the Great Western Cattle Trail.
There were lots of cows in Texas and Oklahoma after the Civil War. During the war the herds were left unsupervised and grew to large numbers. In the east, there was a huge need for beef. The cowboys in the west used the trails to get their cattle to the railroads in Kansas where they could ship them to the east. The people in the east were willing to pay a very high price for cattle because they didn't have any.
There were lots of cows in Texas and Oklahoma after the Civil War. During the war the herds were left unsupervised and grew to large numbers. In the east, there was a huge need for beef. The cowboys in the west used the trails to get their cattle to the railroads in Kansas where they could ship them to the east. The people in the east were willing to pay a very high price for cattle because they didn't have any.
Over time, the expansion of the railroad across Texas and as farmers began using barb wire fence, cattle drives became less necessary.
Over time, the expansion of the railroad across Texas and as farmers began using barb wire fence, cattle drives became less necessary.
Chisholm Trail: During the height of cattle drives, the Chisholm Trail provided a means by which ranchers could move cattle from ranches to railroad lines. This allowed ranchers to sell cattle in markets in the east where they could make greater profits. This trail stretched from southern Texas to railroad hubs in Abilene, Kansas. This trail passed through numerous smaller cities and towns in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas on its way to Abilene.
S5E1 Use the basic economic concepts of trade, opportunity cost, specialization, productivity, and price incentives to illustrate historical events.
S5E1 Use the basic economic concepts of trade, opportunity cost, specialization, productivity, and price incentives to illustrate historical events.
b. Explain how price incentives affect people’s behavior and choices (e.g., decisions to participate in cattle trails because of increased beef prices).
b. Explain how price incentives affect people’s behavior and choices (e.g., decisions to participate in cattle trails because of increased beef prices).
Increased demand for beef and beef products along the Eastern coast and in the growing cities of the Midwest, made large-scale cattle ranching profitable. Despite the cost of moving large numbers of cattle, ranchers and their employees still made a profit. Their price incentive was the high price of beef in the urban areas where cattle were shipped. If local beef prices had been competitive, then ranchers would have lacked the incentive to move cattle across Texas to get to railway hubs for shipping.
Vocabulary: price incentives, profitable, competitive, railway hubs
Black Cowboys
Black Cowboys
Black cowboys have been part of Texas history since the early nineteenth century, when they first worked on ranches throughout the state. A good many of the first black cowboys were born into slavery but later found a better life on the open range, where they experienced less open discrimination than in the city. Significant numbers of African Americans went on the great cattle drives originating in the Southwest in the late 1800s. Black cowboys predominated in ranching sections of the Coastal Plain between the Sabine and Guadalupe rivers.
Handbook of Texas Online, Teresa Palomo Acosta, "BLACK COWBOYS," accessed August 19, 2018, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/arb01. Black cowboys have been part of Texas history since the early nineteenth century, when they first worked on ranches throughout the state. A good many of the first black cowboys were born into slavery but later found a better life on the open range, where they experienced less open discrimination than in the city. Significant numbers of African Americans went on the great cattle drives originating in the Southwest in the late 1800s. Black cowboys predominated in ranching sections of the Coastal Plain between the Sabine and Guadalupe rivers.
Learn more about a few famous black cowboys from PBS at the Texas Ranch House
Learn more about a few famous black cowboys from PBS at the Texas Ranch House
SS5H3 The student will describe how life changed in America at the turn of the century.
SS5H3 The student will describe how life changed in America at the turn of the century.
b. Describe the impact on American life of the Wright brothers (flight), George Washington Carver (science), Alexander Graham Bell (communication) and Thomas Edison (electricity).
b. Describe the impact on American life of the Wright brothers (flight), George Washington Carver (science), Alexander Graham Bell (communication) and Thomas Edison (electricity).
Wilbur & Orville Wright - Flight
Wilbur & Orville Wright - Flight
The Wright Brothers (Orville and Wilbur) went into business as bicycle salesmen in Ohio in the late 19th century. Like many scientifically minded people of their era, they were fascinated by the possibility of machines that would allow humans to fly. In 1903, their glider survived a 12-second flight from the dunes at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Others were working simultaneously toward this achievement, and the Wright Brothers’ flight ignited a national passion for aviation. Within two decades, airplanes could fly distances previously thought to be impossible. In a few short decades, airplanes would develop to the point that they began to be used for military purposes as well.
The Wright Brothers (Orville and Wilbur) went into business as bicycle salesmen in Ohio in the late 19th century. Like many scientifically minded people of their era, they were fascinated by the possibility of machines that would allow humans to fly. In 1903, their glider survived a 12-second flight from the dunes at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Others were working simultaneously toward this achievement, and the Wright Brothers’ flight ignited a national passion for aviation. Within two decades, airplanes could fly distances previously thought to be impossible. In a few short decades, airplanes would develop to the point that they began to be used for military purposes as well.
Vocabulary: flight, scientific, inventor, contribution, aviation
Vocabulary: flight, scientific, inventor, contribution, aviation
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina: Located on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, the tiny town of Kitty Hawk became famous following the Wright brothers’ successful powered, sustained, and controlled flight of an airplane in 1903. Taking advantage of the swift winds on the dunes of Kitty Hawk’s beaches, the Wright brothers successfully kept their craft in the air for a matter of seconds. Those seconds changed the world, as airplanes went from fantastical ideas to practical inventions.
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina: Located on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, the tiny town of Kitty Hawk became famous following the Wright brothers’ successful powered, sustained, and controlled flight of an airplane in 1903. Taking advantage of the swift winds on the dunes of Kitty Hawk’s beaches, the Wright brothers successfully kept their craft in the air for a matter of seconds. Those seconds changed the world, as airplanes went from fantastical ideas to practical inventions.
George Washington Carver - Science
George Washington Carver - Science
George Washington Carver was born a slave, but rose to become one of our nation’s most famous agricultural scientists. He was invited to teach at the Tuskegee Institute in 1896 by Booker T. Washington. It was there that he researched methods to improve agricultural production. Carver is most known for his research on peanuts and his commitment to helping struggling Southern African American farmers. Most notably, he has been credited with teaching southern farmers to rotate crops to replenish nutrient depleted soil. In fact, Carver introduced Georgian farmers to the benefits of rotating cotton crops with peanut crops to replenish the soil with nutrients. Thus, he helped establish peanuts as an important agricultural crop in Georgia. Carver developed more than 300 uses for peanuts including peanut milk, peanut paper, and peanut soap.
George Washington Carver was born a slave, but rose to become one of our nation’s most famous agricultural scientists. He was invited to teach at the Tuskegee Institute in 1896 by Booker T. Washington. It was there that he researched methods to improve agricultural production. Carver is most known for his research on peanuts and his commitment to helping struggling Southern African American farmers. Most notably, he has been credited with teaching southern farmers to rotate crops to replenish nutrient depleted soil. In fact, Carver introduced Georgian farmers to the benefits of rotating cotton crops with peanut crops to replenish the soil with nutrients. Thus, he helped establish peanuts as an important agricultural crop in Georgia. Carver developed more than 300 uses for peanuts including peanut milk, peanut paper, and peanut soap.
Vocabulary: scientist, agriculture, research, crop rotation, nutrient, depletion, replenish
Vocabulary: scientist, agriculture, research, crop rotation, nutrient, depletion, replenish
Alexander Graham Bell - Communication
Alexander Graham Bell - Communication
Alexander Graham Bell is famous for his invention of the telephone. He was also an audiologist, speech therapist and teacher of the deaf. The telephone, invented in 1876 was a device that was almost immediately popular, and became so affordable that over time nearly every American household contains at least one telephone. The telephone dramatically changed communication throughout the country. Students might be very interested to see how telephones have changed over the years, and could explore early telephone development with party lines, telephone operators, and other aspects of this transformational tool of communication.
Alexander Graham Bell is famous for his invention of the telephone. He was also an audiologist, speech therapist and teacher of the deaf. The telephone, invented in 1876 was a device that was almost immediately popular, and became so affordable that over time nearly every American household contains at least one telephone. The telephone dramatically changed communication throughout the country. Students might be very interested to see how telephones have changed over the years, and could explore early telephone development with party lines, telephone operators, and other aspects of this transformational tool of communication.
Vocabulary: telephone, device, affordable, communication, telephone operator, design
Vocabulary: telephone, device, affordable, communication, telephone operator, design
Thomas Edison - Electricity
Thomas Edison - Electricity
Thomas Edison, the wizard of Menlo Park was an inventor who has been credited with creating over a 1000 inventions.
Thomas Edison, the wizard of Menlo Park was an inventor who has been credited with creating over a 1000 inventions.
One invention he is credited with is a long-lasting filament for the electric light bulb. He is also known for developing the phonograph or record player as well as developing motion pictures. His inventions very much relied on electricity and creating machines that used electricity to solve problems for and enhancing everyday life. He was not only an inventor but also was a successful businessman, marketer, and manufacturer.
One invention he is credited with is a long-lasting filament for the electric light bulb. He is also known for developing the phonograph or record player as well as developing motion pictures. His inventions very much relied on electricity and creating machines that used electricity to solve problems for and enhancing everyday life. He was not only an inventor but also was a successful businessman, marketer, and manufacturer.
Vocabulary: inventions, credited, filament, phonograph, motion pictures, enhancing, businessman, marketer, manufacturer, genius, creation.
Vocabulary: inventions, credited, filament, phonograph, motion pictures, enhancing, businessman, marketer, manufacturer, genius, creation.
Chicago, Illinois: Chicago was first established as a city in 1837 and grew rapidly as a transportation and communication hub. It was a railroad and telegraph and telephone center, and grew rapidly as an industrial center at the turn of the century. The city had numerous stockyards, meatpacking plants, and railroad related factories, all of which needed laborers. It became a center of labor unrest too, since workers began demanding safer work conditions and fairer working hours and salaries, and owners resisted making such improvements. Department stores and catalog centers developed here, like Sears and Montgomery Ward, and sports stadiums were built to accommodate local teams. Because of huge numbers of immigrant laborers working in harsh conditions, many social problems arose related to the rapid population growth of the area. Jane Addams helped start the settlement house movement in the U.S. when sh
SS5H1 Describe how life changed in America at the turn of the century.
SS5H1 Describe how life changed in America at the turn of the century.
c. Explain how William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt expanded America’s role in the world; include the Spanish-American War and the building of the Panama Canal.
c. Explain how William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt expanded America’s role in the world; include the Spanish-American War and the building of the Panama Canal.
William McKinley
William McKinley
William McKinley signed the Open Door Policy for China, which sought to safeguard U.S. trading rights in China and asserted American interests in Asia.
William McKinley signed the Open Door Policy for China, which sought to safeguard U.S. trading rights in China and asserted American interests in Asia.
McKinely & the Spanish-American War
McKinely & the Spanish-American War
Under President William McKinley, the United States military engaged with Spanish forces in the Philippines and Cuba. This war, the Spanish-American War, was fueled partly by American interests in the western hemisphere, as well as by public opinion. Newspapers created sensationalized news stories that outraged citizens about the unfair treatment of the Cuban people. In a desire to sell newspapers, articles and photographs about the sinking of the USS Maine were published, blaming its sinking on Spain. Some historians blame this war on the idea of yellow journalism or biased coverage, which helped fuel public support of the war. The short conflict led to the removal of Spain from Cuba, and increased American popular interest in obtaining colonies abroad. Thus, the United States gained control of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
Under President William McKinley, the United States military engaged with Spanish forces in the Philippines and Cuba. This war, the Spanish-American War, was fueled partly by American interests in the western hemisphere, as well as by public opinion. Newspapers created sensationalized news stories that outraged citizens about the unfair treatment of the Cuban people. In a desire to sell newspapers, articles and photographs about the sinking of the USS Maine were published, blaming its sinking on Spain. Some historians blame this war on the idea of yellow journalism or biased coverage, which helped fuel public support of the war. The short conflict led to the removal of Spain from Cuba, and increased American popular interest in obtaining colonies abroad. Thus, the United States gained control of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
Vocabulary: expansion, role, imperialism, colonization, overseas, empire, military, engaged, sensationalized, yellow journalism, biased
Vocabulary: expansion, role, imperialism, colonization, overseas, empire, military, engaged, sensationalized, yellow journalism, biased
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt emerged as a hero of the Spanish American War, and succeeded McKinley as President when McKinley was assassinated in 1901. During the war, Roosevelt led a group of volunteer cavalrymen known as Rough Riders on a famous charge at the Battle of San Juan Hill (also known as San Juan Heights). His heroism stood him in good stead when he became the youngest president in 1901. His policy choices as President included issuing Roosevelt’s Corollary, which confirmed the longstanding tradition created by the Monroe Doctrine in 1805, of American intervention in hemispheric affairs. President Roosevelt had a Big Stick Policy. This policy described when a country states its interest calmly and clearly - but backs it up with a warning of military action. During Roosevelt’s tenure as President, construction finally began on the Panama Canal.
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt emerged as a hero of the Spanish American War, and succeeded McKinley as President when McKinley was assassinated in 1901. During the war, Roosevelt led a group of volunteer cavalrymen known as Rough Riders on a famous charge at the Battle of San Juan Hill (also known as San Juan Heights). His heroism stood him in good stead when he became the youngest president in 1901. His policy choices as President included issuing Roosevelt’s Corollary, which confirmed the longstanding tradition created by the Monroe Doctrine in 1805, of American intervention in hemispheric affairs. President Roosevelt had a Big Stick Policy. This policy described when a country states its interest calmly and clearly - but backs it up with a warning of military action. During Roosevelt’s tenure as President, construction finally began on the Panama Canal.
Vocabulary: expansionism, canal, volunteer, cavalrymen, heroism, policy, intervention, construction, beneficial
Vocabulary: expansionism, canal, volunteer, cavalrymen, heroism, policy, intervention, construction, beneficial
S5E1 Use the basic economic concepts of trade, opportunity cost, specialization, productivity, and price incentives to illustrate historical events.
S5E1 Use the basic economic concepts of trade, opportunity cost, specialization, productivity, and price incentives to illustrate historical events.
d. Describe how trade and voluntary exchange promotes economic activity (e.g., how the Panama Canal increases trade among countries).
d. Describe how trade and voluntary exchange promotes economic activity (e.g., how the Panama Canal increases trade among countries).
When trade occurs in a truly voluntary exchange, both parties benefit. The buyer and the seller of the service or good both gain something from the exchange. Specifically, in a voluntary exchange, buyers receive a good or service that they want, while the seller receives a payment for that good or service. Once this exchange is replicated on a larger scale, you have a working economy. Thus, if both parties are acting in mutual self-interest, continued trade promotes additional economic activity. One example in historical context that illustrates this concept is the Panama Canal. This canal made trade between countries easier, as ships no longer had to make the treacherous journey around the southernmost tip of South America. It increased the speed in which goods could travel, and made shipping goods more lucrative. While the Canal itself took almost 40 years to turn a profit, demand for passing through the Canal continues to increase, so much so that shipping companies now pay an additional fee to move through it more quickly.
Vocabulary: trade, voluntary exchange, good, service, shipping
Panama Canal under construction
Panama Canal under construction
The Panama Canal
The Panama Canal
After gaining several new territories in the Spanish-American War, America needed a way to get from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean without having to go around South America. President Theodore Roosevelt believed that the solution was to build a canal in Central America. He believed that this would help America’s economic (trading) and military (Navy) interests.
After gaining several new territories in the Spanish-American War, America needed a way to get from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean without having to go around South America. President Theodore Roosevelt believed that the solution was to build a canal in Central America. He believed that this would help America’s economic (trading) and military (Navy) interests.
In 1882, a French company had started to build a canal in Central America. They soon stopped the project after yellow fever and malaria (carried by mosquitoes) killed many of the workers. The US bought the 10-mile stretch of land from Panama, and took over construction of the canal in 1904.
In 1882, a French company had started to build a canal in Central America. They soon stopped the project after yellow fever and malaria (carried by mosquitoes) killed many of the workers. The US bought the 10-mile stretch of land from Panama, and took over construction of the canal in 1904.
Doctors taught the workers how to combat the diseases. Workers drained swamps, covered supplies with tents, and put in new sewers to stop the spread of diseases. When the Panama Canal opened in 1914, in was a huge shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Doctors taught the workers how to combat the diseases. Workers drained swamps, covered supplies with tents, and put in new sewers to stop the spread of diseases. When the Panama Canal opened in 1914, in was a huge shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Americans now had access to world trade. The US Navy could defend the country’s interests all across the globe.
Americans now had access to world trade. The US Navy could defend the country’s interests all across the globe.
SS5H1 Describe how life changed in America at the turn of the century.
SS5H1 Describe how life changed in America at the turn of the century.
d. Describe the reasons people immigrated to the United States, from where they emigrated, and where they settled.
d. Describe the reasons people immigrated to the United States, from where they emigrated, and where they settled.
Emigration
Emigration
One of the largest human migrations in history happened at the turn of the century. Many people left their home countries to come to the United States.
One of the largest human migrations in history happened at the turn of the century. Many people left their home countries to come to the United States.
This is called emigration – leaving your homeland to make a long journey to a new country.
This is called emigration – leaving your homeland to make a long journey to a new country.
A person who moves to a new country is called an immigrant.
A person who moves to a new country is called an immigrant.
Push factors that led people to immigrate included religious and political upheaval, persecution, and economic instability. In contrast, people who left Europe were lured to America with promises of free, rich land for farming, jobs, and for opportunities to have a better life. These positive changes are often referred to as pull factors.
Push factors that led people to immigrate included religious and political upheaval, persecution, and economic instability. In contrast, people who left Europe were lured to America with promises of free, rich land for farming, jobs, and for opportunities to have a better life. These positive changes are often referred to as pull factors.
Upon arrival in the United States immigrants often encountered crowded cities, harsh living and working conditions, and discrimination. The initial wave of European immigrants consisted mostly of people from Ireland and Germany. They left behind countries that faced civil unrest, severe unemployment, famine, and inconceivable hardships.
Upon arrival in the United States immigrants often encountered crowded cities, harsh living and working conditions, and discrimination. The initial wave of European immigrants consisted mostly of people from Ireland and Germany. They left behind countries that faced civil unrest, severe unemployment, famine, and inconceivable hardships.
This stream slowed over time, and an increased number of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe arrived. While German and Irish immigrant groups congregated on the east coast, Chinese immigrants migrated to California and to western territories and states.
This stream slowed over time, and an increased number of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe arrived. While German and Irish immigrant groups congregated on the east coast, Chinese immigrants migrated to California and to western territories and states.
They were lured there by economic opportunities created through the development of the transcontinental railroad and other rail lines as well as the promise of gold discovered in California. During the late 1860’s increased immigration from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland occurred.
They were lured there by economic opportunities created through the development of the transcontinental railroad and other rail lines as well as the promise of gold discovered in California. During the late 1860’s increased immigration from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland occurred.
These immigrants left the eastern regions of the United States to farm and live in the communities in the mid-western and plains states, where a farming and small town lifestyle more nearly matched their experiences in their home country.
These immigrants left the eastern regions of the United States to farm and live in the communities in the mid-western and plains states, where a farming and small town lifestyle more nearly matched their experiences in their home country.
Vocabulary: emigration, immigration, settlement, ethnic group, factors, migration, upheaval, religious, political, persecution, economic instability, opportunities, “push” and “pull” factors, harsh, discrimination, civil unrest, unemployment, famine, transcontinental railroad.
Vocabulary: emigration, immigration, settlement, ethnic group, factors, migration, upheaval, religious, political, persecution, economic instability, opportunities, “push” and “pull” factors, harsh, discrimination, civil unrest, unemployment, famine, transcontinental railroad.
Take a virtual tour to Ellis Island: Explore Ellis Island, Meet the immigrants, and go on a virtual field trip!! Interactive Tour
Take a virtual tour to Ellis Island: Explore Ellis Island, Meet the immigrants, and go on a virtual field trip!! Interactive Tour
Complete an interactive journey. Choose your orgins and travel to Ellis Island and into New York City.
Complete an interactive journey. Choose your orgins and travel to Ellis Island and into New York City.
Immigration Project: Due: 10 October 2019
Immigration Project: Due: 10 October 2019
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