Evaluating information is a key part of media literacy because it helps you make smart, informed decisions about what to believe and share, what to spend your time on, and what to trust when you need reliable information.
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SIFT by Mike Caulfield is licensed under CC BY 4.0
Using the SIFT method to evaluate information helps us to decide what to do next with a piece of information and determine whether it is accurate, reliable, and relevant. It can be used when evaluating all kinds of media, from research materials to social media posts and everything in between.
SIFT is a quick process that can help you avoid spending too much time on a source that is not worth your time or doesn't meet your needs. Once you identify a quality source, you can make an informed decision about letting it continue to impact your thoughts and emotions or relying on it for information.
S
(Stop)
Before you go further or share the content, STOP and check your emotions.
How does it make you feel?
The way a piece of media makes you feel can help you answer important questions as you evaluate the information.
Then, ask these questions:
Are you already familiar with the source of the information (author, publisher, content creator, website, etc.)?
What do you know about them?
What is the reputation of the source?
What kind of content is this?
Is it news, advertising, entertainment, opinion, propaganda, or raw information?
The answers to these questions will lead you to the next step.
I
(Investigate the source)
Begin investigating the source by using Lateral Reading. This will help you to better understand the author's purpose and credibility.
Part of your Lateral Reading should include using your search engine or Wikipedia to investigate the author and/or publisher to help you determine more about them, whether they are reputable, and whether they have any obvious bias.
Watch this video to find out how.
Helpful questions to ask:
When was the information published?
Is it outdated information? Is it something that circulated on the Internet years ago but is making the rounds again?
Who created or published the information, and what is its purpose?
Is it there to inform, persuade, entertain, sell something, provoke, or document?
What does the author gain by publishing this information?
What can you find out about the author, publisher, or content creator?
Are they an expert in their field?
Are they reputable within their industry?
Who funds their work, or who funded the work of the original content producer?
F
(Find better coverage)
Use fact-checking skills to verify or find better coverage.
What do others say about the information, article, or image?
Are other reputable sources reporting on it? If they're not, what does that tell you?
If one of the other sources you come across offers better, more reputable coverage than your original piece, you can let go of the original piece and focus on the better information instead.
T
(Trace to the original context)
Caulfield, M. (2019, June 27). SIFT (The four moves). Hapgood. https://hapgood.us/2019/06/19/sift-the-four-moves/
CTRL-F. (2024a). Investigate the source [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/7Ld-0IDe85U?si=n2V2XBeP_2CVwvgw
CTRL-F. (2024b). Skill: Just add Wikipedia [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/1k3zr_vNRXM
Digital Inquiry Group. (2020). Sort fact from fiction online with lateral reading [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHNprb2hgzU
CTRL-F. (2020, May 14). Skill: Find better coverage with Mike Caulfield [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/zvkZSemR_UU?si=A_jjMYhHJoKw1rOi
Icivics. (2024, August 26). Intro to lateral reading - teaching online fact-checking [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/as1IzVljNAw?si=RmAOwAS0A1_RfII-