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South Asian surrounded on all sides, except the north, by the Indian Ocean making it a relatively insulated peninsula with the extremely high elevations of the Himalayan mountain range protecting the North.
The region is very densely populated, considering it has the second most populous country of India, and being surrounded mostly by water this allows for limited expansion into unsettled lands. Demonstrably with some of the oldest archaeological sites this region has an extensive history and cultural traditions, including Hinduism and Buddhism, and Islam.
As part of Asia, South Asia refers to the mass of land that rests on the Indian tectonic plate that began colliding with the Eurasian plate about 50 million years ago, and continues today further elevating the Himalayan mountain range (more info). Generally, the region includes the countries of: Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; Bangladesh; India; and the island nations of Sri Lanka; and the Maldives.