Behavior-Change Procedures
Behavior-Change Procedures
Ethics
Responsibility as a Professional
Act in the best interest of clients, maintain competence through continued education,
avoid multiple relationships and conflicts of interest.
Follow the law and all professional standards.
Responsibility in Practice
Deliver high-quality, evidence-based services.
Obtain informed consent.
Individualize treatment plans based on client needs.
Use least restrictive procedures and ensure client dignity
Responsibility to Clients and Stakeholders
Protect confidentiality and privacy.
Communicate effectively and truthfully.
Involve clients and caregivers in decision-making.
Terminate services appropriately when no longer needed
Responsibility to the Profession
Promote the values and reputation of behavior analysis. Accurately represent credentials and competencies. Report ethical violations appropriately. Support the professional growth of others.
Key-Concepts
G-1 Design and evaluate positive and negative reinforcement procedures
G-2 Design and evaluate differential reinforcement (e.g., DRA, DRO, DRL, DRH) procedures with and without extinction
G-3 Design and evaluate time-based reinforcement (e.g., fixed-time) schedules
G-4 Identify procedures to establish and use conditioned reinforcers (e.g., token economies)
G-5 Incorporate motivating operations and discriminative stimuli into behavior-change procedures
G-6 Design and evaluate procedures to produce simple and conditional discriminations
G-7 Select and evaluate stimulus and response prompting procedures (e.g., errorless, most-to-least, least-to-most)
G-8 Design and implement procedures to fade stimulus and response prompts (e.g., prompt delay, stimulus fading)
G-9 Design and evaluate modeling procedures
G-10 Design and evaluate instructions and rules
G-11 Shape dimensions of behavior
G-12 Select and implement chaining procedures
G-13 Design and evaluate trial-based and free-operant procedures
G-14 Design and evaluate group contingencies
G-15 Design and evaluate procedures to promote stimulus and response generalization
G-16 Design and evaluate procedures to maintain desired behavior change following intervention (e.g., schedule thinning, transferring to naturally occurring reinforcers)
G-17 Design and evaluate positive and negative punishment (e.g., time-out, response cost, overcorrection)
G-18 Evaluate emotional and elicited effects of behavior-change procedures
G-19 Design and evaluate procedures to promote emergent relations and generative performance
Reinforcement Procedures: strategies used to increase the likelihood that a desired behavior will occur again in the future.ย
reinforcement in abaย ๐
decision flowchart ๐
Differential Reinforcement (with or without Extinction): techniques used to increase desired behaviors while decreasing undesired behaviors by selectively reinforcing specific responses with or without extinction. Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior no longer receives reinforcement, leading to a decrease in that behavior.ย
Time-Based Reinforcement Schedules: non-contingent reinforcement (NCR) strategies where reinforcement is delivered independently of the target behavior after a fixed or variable time interval.
G.3 Design and Evaluate Time-Based Reinforcement Schedules ๐
Conditioned Reinforcer: a stimulus that becomes reinforcing by being paired with an unconditioned (primary) reinforcer or another conditioned reinforcer
B.7 Unconditioned, Conditioned, and Generalized Reinforcers๐
Motivating Operations/Discriminative Stimuli: A motivating operation is an environmental event or condition that alters the value of a reinforcer or punisher (value-altering effect), and changes the frequency of behaviors that have been reinforced or punished by that stimulus in the past (behavior-altering effect). A discriminative stimulus is a signal that indicates reinforcement is available for a specific behavior. A discriminative stimulus (SD) is a cue or signal that a specific behavior will be reinforced if it is performed.ย
Motivating Operations In Aba๐
B.16 Examples of Motivating Operations๐
B.13 Examples of Stimulus Discrimination ๐
Simple and Conditional Discriminations: A simple discrimination occurs when a learner makes a response in the presence of one stimulus (SD) but not in its absence. A conditional discrimination occurs when the correct response depends on the context or a second stimulusโmore than one stimulus controls the behavior.
Stimulus Prompts/Response Prompts/Prompt Delay, Stimulus Fading:Stimulus prompts are modifications to the materials or cues used to make the correct response more obvious and easier to identify. Response prompts are aids added to the learnerโs response, helping them produce the correct behavior. Prompt delay is a procedure where a delay is inserted between the presentation of the discriminative stimulus (SD) and the delivery of a prompt, to increase the likelihood of independent responding. Stimulus fading is the gradual removal or modification of added features to a stimulus (e.g., color, size, position) that were initially used to make the correct response more likely.
Stimulus Prompts, Response Prompts, and Fading - Section G-4๐ย
Modeling Procedures: Modeling is an instructional strategy where a therapist, teacher, peer, or video demonstrates a target behavior, and the learner is expected to imitate that behavior.ย
Instructions/Rules: Creating clear, behaviorally specific directions or guidelines,
ensuring they are understandable, relevant, and effective for the intended audience,
measuring whether the instructions or rules result in the desired behavior and revising them based on data and performance outcomes
Shaping/ Chaining: Shaping is the differential reinforcement of successively closer forms of a desired behavior until the full, correct behavior is displayed. Chaining is a sequence of behaviors, where each behavior in the chain is linked to the next one, and the reinforcement is provided either for the last behavior in the chain or for the entire chain.
ย
Shaping Vs Chaining in ABA Therapy -๐ย
Trial-Based Procedures/ Free-Operant Procedures: Trial-Based Procedures involve presenting a discrete trial or set of trials during which a learner is given a specific instruction or stimulus and is expected to respond. After the response, the behavior is either reinforced or corrected, and then the trial is repeated. Free-operant procedures allow the learner to engage with the environment and respond at their own pace without being restricted to a set number of trials. This method is often used for measuring preferences, behavioral assessments, and continuous, natural behavior observation.
G13ย trial-based and free-operant procedures | BehaviorPRE๐ย
Group Contingencies: A group contingency involves reinforcement or consequences being delivered to a group of individuals based on the behavior of an individual within the group, the entire group or a subset of the group
Stimulus/Response Generalization:Stimulus generalization occurs when a learner exhibits the same behavior in response to a different but similar stimulus. Response generalization occurs when a learner exhibits new behaviors or responses that may not have been specifically taught, but are functionally similar to the trained behavior.
B.14 Stimulus and Response Generalization๐
Break Down a Mock BCBAยฎ Exam Question: Identify the Best Example of Response Generalization๐
Maintenance: A behavior continues to be performed consistently, even after the intervention or reinforcement schedule has been reduced or removed. The behavior remains stable over time and occurs in the natural environment.
What about maintenance programs? - Association for Science in Autism Treatment๐
Positive/Negative Punishment (Time-out, Response Cost, Overcorrection): Positive punishment involves adding an aversive stimulus (something unpleasant or unwanted) after a behavior to reduce the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. Negative punishment involves removing a preferred stimulus (something pleasant or reinforcing) following a behavior to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.
What Is Overcorrection in ABA Therapy?๐
Response Cost In ABA Therapy: Complete Guide๐
Behavioral Interventions and Strategies Series: Time-Out๐
Emotional and Elicited Effects: Emotional effects refer to how certain behaviors or events can produce emotional responses, such as fear, happiness, frustration, or anxiety, in an individual. These emotional responses are often a result of reinforcement, punishment, or the emotional consequences of the behaviors being addressed. Elicited effects refer to the automatic or involuntary responses that occur due to specific stimuli in the environment. These responses are often reflexive, meaning they happen without conscious thought or effort, and are typically triggered by specific, often conditioned, stimuli.
G.18 Evaluate Emotional and Elicited Effects๐
ย ย ย ย ย ย
https://learningbehavioranalysis.com/emotional-response-to-behavior/๐
Emergent Relations/Generative Performance: Emergent relations refer to untrained or unlearned relations between stimuli that arise due to prior learning experiences. These relationships emerge spontaneously without the need for direct teaching. Generative Performance refers to the application of learned behavior to new situations.
B.21 Emergent Relations and Generative Performance๐
Test Items/Practice Questions
Professional Resourcesย
Board Certified Behavior Analyst๐
BCBA Job Openings (USA Only) | Facebook๐
BCBA & RBT Jobs | ABA Job Board๐
ABAI Career Center - Behavior Analysis Jobs๐
https://behaviorlive.com/jobs/search๐
Continuing Education Courses | ABA Technologies๐
https://www.1722behavior.com/professional-development๐
https://www.casproviders.org/ceu-center๐
All CE Courses๐
Affordable CEU Resources for BCBAsยฎ | Master ABA Academy๐
https://www.shelbysbehaviorsolutions.com/bacb-ace-provider/๐
Behavior Analyst Exam Review๐
ABA Skill Share | Facebook๐
BCBAs + Autistics toward a reformed ABA | Facebook๐
ABA Tools/Templatesย
https://ww.iloveaba.com/p/free-resources.html๐
ABA Assessment Tools, Cards and More | ABA Materials๐
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/browse/free?search=aba+data+sheets๐
ABA Materials - Data Sheets - Page 1 - Able2learn Inc.๐
ABA Behavior Intervention Plans & Templates๐
ABA Graphs & Visual Analysis: Types, Examples & Template๐