In-text Citations

In-Text Citations

When?

-At the end of a direct quote

-At the end of a paragraph that contains paraphrased information

Where?

-In parentheses at the end of a sentence and before a period

-All citations must have a matching source in the Works Cited

How?

The name of the author can be used in the sentence or in the citation. 

Example from a book:

• Oliva stated that "tenth-grade Humanities is the most popular class at Le Jardin" (108). 

*If you state the  name of the author in the sentence, you only need to include the page number

OR

• "Tenth-grade Humanities is the most popular class at Le Jardin" (Oliva 108). 

OR 

• Le Jardin took a survey of students to determine the most popular classes in each grade. It was unanimous that Humanities was the first choice among all the students in tenth grade (Oliva 108). 

In-Text Citation Examples

• Website with Author:  

(Oliva).

• Website without Author: 

This is your paraphrased sentence ("Title of the Article").

When an article has no author, shorten the title of the article.
Shorten the article to a noun if possible, if you can't shorten it to a noun shorten it to the first phrase.
Example:  Full title "The Importance of Student Empowerment in Classes"
                      Shorten to: ("Importance of Student").

-Italicize the title of a whole source (e.g. a book, film, journal, or website).
-Use quotation marks around the title if it is part of a larger work (e.g. a chapter of a book, an article in a journal, or a page on a website).

• Book with Author: 

(Oliva, page number with the information).  Example: (Oliva 19).