Risk Factors for Seasonal Depression:

1. Individual Level:

   • Limited coping skills or poor stress management​​.

   • Negative self-image and lack of self-confidence​​.

   • Biological vulnerabilities, such as predisposition to mood disorders​.

2. Family Level:

   • Family conflict or dysfunction​​.

   • Lack of emotional support from caregivers​.

3. Peer and Community Level:

   • Social isolation or weak peer connections​.

   • Community environments with limited mental health resources​.

4. Societal Level:

   • Stigma associated with mental health issues, preventing youth from seeking help​​.

Protective Factors Against Seasonal Depression:

1. Individual Level:

   • Development of self-control, resilience, and positive self-esteem​​.

   • Regular physical activity and engagement in hobbies​.

2. Family Level:

   • Supportive family relationships and open communication​​.

   • Positive role models within the household​.

3. Peer and Community Level:

   • Active participation in school extracurriculars to foster social connections​.

   • Access to after-school programs or counseling resources​.

4. Societal Level:

   • Awareness campaigns to reduce stigma and normalize discussions about mental health​.