In this unit, students will map out the ripples of life by identifying producers, consumers, and decomposers, comparing how energy flows through linear food chains versus complex food webs, and analyzing ecosystem models to ensure they perfectly show how energy transfers from one creature to the next. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, cartoon-animated introduction that distinguishes simple chains from complex webs while emphasizing arrow direction, watch Food Chains and Food Webs on YouTube.

• Crash Course Kids Video: To explore how energy transforms from physical sunlight into plant tissues and animal fuel, check out Fabulous Food Chains on YouTube.

• Annenberg Learner Interactive: To practice dragging and dropping species into their correct structural niches and balancing an unstable digital ecosystem, play the Annenberg Learner: Ecology Lab Simulator.

• Khan Academy Practice Module: To test your analytical skills reading diagrams and predicting what happens to a food web when a specific disease wipes out a primary consumer, complete the Khan Academy: Trophic Levels and Food Webs Review Study Guide.

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In this unit, students will become biological catalogers by mastering the Linnaean system of classification, discovering the major differences between domains and kingdoms, exploring the traits of microbes and larger organisms, and using physical clues to sort common species into their proper places on the tree of life. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For a highly engaging, cartoon-illustrated guide that walks through the Linnaean hierarchy, binomial nomenclature rules, and the 3-domain system, watch Classification of Living Things on YouTube.

• Crash Course Biology Video: To explore how modern evolutionary biology has adapted Linnaeus's original physical classification system to fit modern DNA analysis and cladistics, check out Taxonomy: Life's Filing System on YouTube.

• MooMooMath and Science Video: For a quick, concise structural breakdown focusing strictly on cellular differences (like cell walls, nuclei, and body plans) across the top groups, watch The 3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms of Life on YouTube.

• HHMI BioInteractive Sorting Lab: To step into the role of a taxonomist and actively sort virtual animal specimens based on structural similarities, anatomy, and DNA sequences, explore the HHMI BioInteractive: Exploring Phylogeny and Classification Resource.

In this unit, students will explore the power of energy by mastering the law of conservation of energy, tracing how energy morphs from one form to another, and diagramming its path through living and non-living environments. Along the way, students will design their own working energy models while discovering the strengths and limits of using models in science. 

• Crash Course Kids Video: For an excellent introduction to how energy shifts forms and cannot be lost, watch The Law of Conservation of Energy on YouTube.

• Generation Genius Lesson Video: To watch high-production lab demonstrations isolating electrical, chemical, and mechanical step-transformations, view Energy Transfer and Transformations Video Module.

• PhET Energy Forms Interactive Simulation: To construct your own virtual energy systems—such as hookup up a solar panel to a lightbulb, or running water over a turbine to heat a beaker—explore the PhET: Energy Forms and Changes Simulator. It features real-time symbols tracking how energy converts from chemical to mechanical to thermal states.

• Concord Consortium Modeling Tool: To practice analyzing the strengths and structural limitations of scientific diagrams, use the Concord Consortium: In-Depth Scientific Models Learning Module.

In this unit, students will explore the unchanging nature of energy by discovering how it morphs from one type to another without ever being created or destroyed, and learning how to gather and cite real-world evidence that proves this rule in action. 

• Crash Course Kids Video: For a highly accessible, visual breakdown of how energy constantly changes shirts without ever leaving the stadium, watch The Law of Conservation of Energy on YouTube.

• Bozeman Science Video: To look at the rigorous physics equations and laboratory evidence proving that energy maps out perfectly before and after a physical event, check out Conservation of Energy on YouTube.

• PhET Skate Park Interactive Simulator: To actively test the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy with zero friction versus high friction settings, launch the PhET: Energy Skate Park Virtual Physics Lab. It includes real-time bar graphs showing that even when friction stops the skater, the total energy line remains perfectly flat and unchanged.

• The Physics Classroom Learning Tutorial: For guided practice math problems tracing potential and kinetic conversions across roller coasters and falling objects, complete the Physics Classroom: Work, Energy, and Power Module.

In this unit, students will look at heat from the inside out by discovering the predictable rules of how heat moves, connecting an object's temperature to how fast its particles are jiggling, and realizing that internal thermal energy is actually the total, random motion of invisible atoms and molecules. 

• Crash Course Kids Video: For an excellent, student-friendly visual tour through the physics of thermal energy and equilibrium, watch A Guide to Energy Transformations on YouTube.

• MooMooMath and Science Video: To easily differentiate between conduction, convection, and radiation using clear everyday analogies, watch Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation on YouTube.

• PhET States of Matter Simulation: To actively watch how atoms slow down to a crawl when frozen or bounce violently around their container when heated, explore the PhET: States of Matter Basics Interactive Lab. This tool allows you to add or remove heat and instantly see the real-time effect on molecular velocity.

• UCAR Center for Science Education: To interactively experiment with how thermal radiation from the Sun warms up different planetary surfaces, utilize the UCAR: Thermodynamics and Climate Systems Resource Module.

As you prepare for the module exam, make sure you're using the study tools right on our class resource page! Start by reviewing your guided notes (available in each lesson on the first and last pages or in the "Notes" tab at the top of the lesson window). A great trick is to cover up the main terms or answers and see if you can explain the concepts out loud in your own words.

Next, take the sample quizzes for each lesson without looking at your notes. When you finish, check your answers to see what you've already mastered and exactly which topics need a quick second review before you take your test!

In this unit, students will explore how living things connect by comparing different ecosystem relationships—like teamwork (mutualism), freeloading (commensalism), pests (parasitism), hunting (predation), and battling for resources (competition)—and analyzing how adding or removing a single species can disrupt the whole balance. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, cartoon-illustrated breakdown of ecological pairings filled with memorable visual examples, watch Ecological Relationships on YouTube.

• Crash Course Ecology Video: To explore how competition shapes an animal's niche and drives evolutionary adaptations, check out Community Ecology: Feel the Love on YouTube.

• HHMI BioInteractive Virtual Lab: To actively simulate the addition or removal of apex predators (like wolves in Yellowstone or sea otters in kelp forests) and watch the real-time mathematical impact on populations, explore the HHMI BioInteractive: Exploring Trophic Cascades Click and Learn.

• The Concord Consortium Ecosystem Simulator: To practice adjusting population bars for plants, herbivores, and carnivores to observe how competitive pressures change over generations, utilize the Concord Consortium: Ecosystems and Interdependence Model.

In this unit, students will investigate the natural limits of nature by identifying the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) factors that keep populations in check, exploring how these limiting factors interact and influence each other, and predicting how changes in these boundaries will shape the long-term future of our local ecosystems. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, cartoon-illustrated breakdown of how density-dependent and density-independent variables work together to establish an ecosystem's carrying capacity, watch Population Ecology: Limiting Factors on YouTube.

• Crash Course Ecology Video: To explore the mathematical concepts behind how populations grow, overshoot their resources, and crash due to environmental resistance, check out Population Ecology: The Texas Mosquito Mystery on YouTube.

• Annenberg Learner Interactive Lab: To practice adjusting variable sliders for water availability, disease, and predator numbers to observe the long-term carrying capacity shifts over generations, play the Annenberg Learner: Ecosystem Habitats and Population Dynamics Simulator.

• Khan Academy Practice Suite: To test your analytical skills reading population graphs and predicting how changing resource limitations alter competitive balances, complete the Khan Academy: Environmental Limiting Factors and Carrying Capacity Study Guide.

In this unit, students will travel through deep time by mastering the concept of geologic time, learning how to read the stories written in changing rock layers, and uncovering the physical evidence left behind in the earth that proves how life has evolved over millions of years. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, student-friendly exploration of fossilization, embryology, and anatomical homologies, watch Evidence of Evolution on YouTube.

• Stated Clearly Video: To look at the biochemical and physical evidence linking whale evolution directly to land mammals, watch What is the Evidence for Evolution? on YouTube.

• Bozeman Science Video: For a great structural breakdown of how to read geological cross-sections and calculate relative dating using tectonic faults, watch Geologic Time on YouTube.

• HHMI BioInteractive Virtual Lab: To practice actively digging through digital rock strata, measuring radioactive isotopes, and mapping out the relative and absolute ages of ancient biological events, explore the HHMI BioInteractive: EarthViewer Interactive Simulator.

• USGS Geology Learning Portal: To examine high-resolution cross-sections of the Grand Canyon tracking millions of years of structural shifts, erosion cycles, and unconformities, navigate the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Geology of the Grand Canyon Resource Guide.

In this unit, students will explore the dynamic story of life and science by discovering how genetic traits, the environment, and natural selection work together to drive evolution. Through hands-on experimentation, students will test how specific traits help populations survive, while also exploring how scientists use evidence to build laws, adapt theories, and grow our understanding of the natural world. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Natural Selection Video: For an excellent, student-friendly exploration of how environmental selective pressures filter genetic variations, watch Natural Selection on YouTube.

• Stated Clearly Video: To look at the absolute foundational evidence separating random genetic drift from directed environmental selection, watch What is Natural Selection? on YouTube.

• TED-Ed Philosophy of Science Video: For a clear, conceptual look at the structural vocabulary of science, watch What's the Difference Between a Scientific Law and a Theory? on YouTube.

• PhET Natural Selection Interactive Lab: To actively test evolutionary variables virtually—such as introducing wolves into an ecosystem to see how fast brown rabbits outlive white rabbits—explore the comprehensive PhET: Natural Selection Simulation Tool. This simulator charts population numbers in real time as mutations emerge.

• HHMI BioInteractive Pocket Mouse Film: To view a phenomenal real-world case study tracking how a single nucleotide mutation changed the coat color of pocket mice living on dark volcanic rock fields in New Mexico, watch the HHMI: Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation Video Module.

In this unit, students will uncover the rules of survival in the natural world by exploring the exact conditions needed for natural selection to happen, and investigating how the overproduction of offspring, genetic variety, and the daily struggle to survive shape the evolution of a species. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, student-friendly exploration of how overproduction, variation, and environmental selective pressures interact to filter populations, watch Natural Selection on YouTube.

• Stated Clearly Video: To look at a clear, real-world breakdown of how these three conditions operate without any conscious "choice" by the organisms, watch What is Natural Selection? on YouTube.

• Crash Course Biology Video: To explore the mathematical concepts of how allele frequencies shift within a population gene pool when selection conditions are met, check out Population Genetics: When Darwin Met Mendel on YouTube.

• PhET Selection Interactive Lab: To actively manipulate these three exact conditions—such as increasing offspring mutation rates (variation), introducing wolves (struggle to survive), or limiting food—explore the comprehensive PhET: Natural Selection Virtual Physics and Biology Simulator.

• HHMI BioInteractive Pocket Mouse Film: To view a phenomenal real-world case study tracking how dark-furred mutant mice survived a predatory struggle on dark lava rocks while light-furred mice were systematically eliminated, watch the HHMI: Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation Video Module.

In this unit, students will unlock the history of our planet by discovering the modern tools scientists use to measure the age of Earth and its rocks. Students will explore how relative and radioactive dating helped build the ultimate geologic calendar, and investigate how real-world scientists apply these age-analysis methods in the field today 

• Bozeman Science Video: For an excellent, step-by-step structural breakdown of how to calculate a rock's age using half-life math, watch Radiometric Dating on YouTube.

• PBS Eons Video: To explore the dramatic history of how early scientists tried to guess the planet's age and how meteorites finally solved the mystery, watch How We Figured Out the Age of the Earth on YouTube.

• PhET Radioactive Dating Game: To actively practice utilizing virtual mass spectrometers to measure isotope percentages and determine the absolute age of buried rocks and fossils, explore the PhET: Radioactive Dating Game Interactive Simulator.

• HHMI BioInteractive Interactive Timeline: To interactively click through geological strata, observe index fossils, and see how volcanic ash layers are dated to establish biological timelines, explore the HHMI BioInteractive: EarthViewer Geologic Time Tool.

• USGS Absolute Age Portal: For detailed technical fact sheets outlining how geologists utilize potassium-argon and rubidium-strontium systems to date volcanic eruptions and map earthquake fault line risks, navigate the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Monitoring and Dating Techniques Guide.

In this unit, students will journey to the center of the Earth by exploring its unique layers and how they interact, discovering how massive convection currents churn deep underground, and investigating how extreme temperature, crushing pressure, and intense density shape the planet's core. 

• Crash Course Geography Video: For an excellent, highly visual breakdown of Earth's internal anatomy and how composition dictates geological activity, watch Earth's Interior Layers on YouTube.

• MooMooMath and Science Video: To easily visualize how density differences generate the convection loops moving through the mantle, watch Convection Currents in the Earth on YouTube.

• IRIS Earthquake Science Portal: To explore how scientists use seismic waves ($P$-waves and $S$-waves) from real earthquakes to map out the liquid and solid states of the core, utilize the IRIS: Seismographs and Earth's Inner Structure Interactive Resource.

• PhET Plate Tectonics Simulator: To actively test how modifying crust density and temperature controls whether a tectonic plate floats or sinks into the asthenosphere, experiment with the PhET: Plate Tectonics Virtual Earth Science Lab.

• USGS Deep Earth Guide: For detailed reference sheets mapping out the specific chemical composition, pressure gradients, and density variations of our planet's interior, read the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Inside the Earth Informational Index.

In this unit, students will explore the theory of plate tectonics to discover how Earth's giant crustal plates move, and learn to distinguish between the slow, gradual shifts and the sudden, rapid changes that reshape our planet's surface. 

• Crash Course Geography Video: For an excellent, highly visual history of how scientists evolved from Alfred Wegener's early "Continental Drift" hypothesis to the modern theory of plate tectonics, watch Plate Tectonics on YouTube.

• The Amoeba Sisters Video (Geology Edition): For a student-friendly, animated breakdown summarizing divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries with memorable icons, watch Plate Boundaries and Tectonic Activity on YouTube.

• Bozeman Science Video: For a great deep dive into the difference between slow mountain building and the rapid, sudden release of energy during earthquakes, watch Plate Tectonics and Earth Systems on YouTube.

• PhET Plate Tectonics Simulator: To step into the role of a planetary architect and actively change crust thickness, temperature, and density to see exactly how boundaries interact and create faults virtually, explore the PhET: Plate Tectonics Virtual Interactive Lab.

• IRIS Earthquake Science Portal: To view a real-time global map tracking every earthquake and volcanic tremor occurring across the planet's plate boundaries right now, utilize the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS): Seismic Monitor Tool.

In this unit, students will dive into the theory of plate tectonics to analyze how our planet's outer shell is broken into moving pieces, and identify the massive geological processes—like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building—that happen when these plates collide, separate, or slide past one another. 

• Crash Course Geography Video: For an excellent, comprehensive look at the history of the plate tectonics revolution and the specific magnetic stripe discoveries that proved the theory, watch Plate Tectonics on YouTube.

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an engaging, student-friendly animation detailing how the interaction of convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries creates specific landforms, watch Plate Boundaries and Tectonic Activity on YouTube.

• Bozeman Science Video: To explore the deep thermal engine driving these processes and how subduction fuels the global rock cycle, watch Plate Tectonics and Earth Systems on YouTube.

• PhET Tectonic Plate Simulator: To manipulate real-world tectonic variables—such as adjusting crust density, changing boundary directions, and watching mountains and trenches form in real time—experiment with the PhET: Plate Tectonics Virtual Interactive Lab.

• USGS Earthquake Hazards Tracker: To view a live-updating map tracking real-world earthquake processes, magnitudes, and depths along global plate boundaries right now, utilize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Real-Time Latest Earthquakes Map.

As you prepare for the module exam, make sure you're using the study tools right on our class resource page! Start by reviewing your guided notes (available in each lesson on the first and last pages or in the "Notes" tab at the top of the lesson window). A great trick is to cover up the main terms or answers and see if you can explain the concepts out loud in your own words.

Next, take the sample quizzes for each lesson without looking at your notes. When you finish, check your answers to see what you've already mastered and exactly which topics need a quick second review before you take your test!

As you prepare for the module exam, make sure you're using the study tools right on our class resource page! Start by reviewing your guided notes (available in each lesson on the first and last pages or in the "Notes" tab at the top of the lesson window). A great trick is to cover up the main terms or answers and see if you can explain the concepts out loud in your own words.

Next, take the sample quizzes for each lesson without looking at your notes. When you finish, check your answers to see what you've already mastered and exactly which topics need a quick second review before you take your test!

In this unit, students will explore Earth's recycling system by mastering the three main types of rock and using their unique traits to identify them. Students will track the step-by-step processes of the rock cycle to discover how existing rocks are constantly transformed into entirely new types, and how these continuous shifts build up and tear down our planet's surface. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, student-friendly animation detailing how the rock cycle pathways work in a highly interconnected loop, watch The Rock Cycle: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic on YouTube.

• Crash Course Geography Video: To explore how weathering and erosion interact with tectonic uplift to reshape whole continents over millions of years, check out The Rock Cycle and Earth's Surface on YouTube.

• MooMooMath and Science Video: For a quick, concise visual guide summarizing how to use rock traits—like foliation, crystals, and grain sizes—to instantly sort rocks, watch How to Identify the 3 Types of Rocks on YouTube.

• PhET Interactions Simulation Lab: To virtually test how melting rates and compaction variables alter the resulting rock output in real time, explore the comprehensive PhET: Earth Science Rock Cycle and Material Dynamics Lab.

• Annenberg Learner Interactive: To step into the role of a geologist and actively test your skills by identifying unknown rock samples through virtual acid tests, hardness tests, and structural observations, complete the Annenberg Learner: Interactives Rock Cycle Lab.

In this unit, students will decode the story of Earth's landscapes by identifying diverse features like dunes, lakes, sinkholes, and aquifers. Students will connect these distinct surface features to the powerful natural forces that built them, and explore how changing sea levels over time have carved and reshaped the world we see today. 

• Crash Course Geography Video: For an excellent introduction to how wind and water actively carve out distinct surface features across the planet, watch Erosion and Deposition on YouTube.

• MooMooMath and Science Video: To explore the hidden anatomy of subterranean water systems and how aquifers store water, watch What is an Aquifer and How Does It Work? on YouTube.

• PBS Eons Video: To look at the dramatic historical timeline of how changing ice sheets and fluctuating sea levels completely reshaped global maps over the last several million years, watch When the Sahara Was Green (and Oceans Were Lower) on YouTube.

• National Geographic Education Portal: For high-resolution photo encyclopedias detailing the physical traits and distribution of karst systems, sinkholes, and dunes, navigate the National Geographic Society: Landforms Resource Directory.

• USGS Groundwater Interactive: To interactively model how water infiltrates the soil to recharge aquifers or triggers localized sinkhole collapses based on the local water table level, utilize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Groundwater School and Karst Topography Resource Guide.

Students will explain how internal heat flow and molten layers drive tectonic plate movements that recycle Earth's crust and cause earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain building, and ocean basin formation. 

• Crash Course Geography Video: For an excellent, highly visual history of how internal thermal currents drive continental movement, watch Plate Tectonics on YouTube.

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For a student-friendly, animated breakdown summarizing how the interactions of divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries create specific landforms, watch Plate Boundaries and Tectonic Activity on YouTube.

• Bozeman Science Video: To explore the deep thermal engine driving these processes and how subduction fuels the planetary recycling loop, watch Plate Tectonics and Earth Systems on YouTube.

• PhET Tectonic Plate Simulator: To manipulate real-world tectonic variables—such as adjusting crust density, changing boundary directions, and watching mountains, volcanoes, and trenches form in real time—experiment with the PhET: Plate Tectonics Virtual Interactive Lab.

• IRIS Earthquake Hazards Tracker: To view a live-updating global map tracking real-world earthquake processes, magnitudes, and depths along global plate boundaries right now, utilize the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS): Seismic Monitor Tool.

In this unit, students will investigate our footprint on the planet by comparing renewable and nonrenewable resources, and analyzing how human choices cause large-scale changes like deforestation, desertification, and urbanization. Students will explore the difference between local and global environmental issues to truly understand how human activity shapes the future of the Earth. 

• Crash Course Geography Video: For an excellent introduction to how human populations rely on natural resources and the differences between renewable and finite reserves, watch What are Natural Resources? on YouTube.

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For a highly engaging, student-friendly animation detailing how local human activities scale up to trigger sweeping global ecological consequences, watch Human Impact on Ecosystems on YouTube.

• National Geographic Short Film: To easily visualize the physical mechanics of soil degradation and desertification across fragile ecosystems, check out Desertification Explained on YouTube.

• The Concord Consortium Interactive Land Lab: To actively model how paving over open fields with impermeable urban surfaces changes a landscape's flash flood risk and groundwater recharge rates, experiment with the Concord Consortium: Land Consumption and Hydrology Simulator.

• NASA Global Climate Change Portal: To analyze real-time satellite data tracking global human impacts—including high-resolution time-lapse graphics of deforestation in the Amazon and changing global temperature maps—explore NASA's Eyes on the Earth Interactive Tool.

As you prepare for the module exam, make sure you're using the study tools right on our class resource page! Start by reviewing your guided notes (available in each lesson on the first and last pages or in the "Notes" tab at the top of the lesson window). A great trick is to cover up the main terms or answers and see if you can explain the concepts out loud in your own words.

Next, take the sample quizzes for each lesson without looking at your notes. When you finish, check your answers to see what you've already mastered and exactly which topics need a quick second review before you take your test!

In this unit, students will explore the invisible forces of radiation by mastering how wavelength and frequency change across the electromagnetic spectrum. Students will discover how visible light is actually a beautiful spectrum of hidden colors, and investigate how we use different types of electromagnetic waves every single day in technology and medicine. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, highly engaging introduction to wave anatomy and the inverse relationship between wavelength and frequency, watch Properties of Waves on YouTube.

• Crash Course Physics Video: To explore the deep mathematical and historical discoveries behind how the full electromagnetic spectrum works, check out The Electromagnetic Spectrum on YouTube.

• NASA Science Video Series: For a highly accurate, deep dive into how astronomers use different invisible wavelengths (like X-rays and infrared) to look at deep-space galaxies, watch Tour of the EMS on YouTube.

• PhET Wave Interference Simulator: To actively experiment with waves virtually—adjusting sliders to watch how changing frequency shifts a wave's color or physical wavelength in real time—explore the PhET: Wave Interference Interactive Simulator.

• The Physics Classroom Learning Tutorial: For guided practice problems, conceptual quizzes, and animations tracing light refraction through prisms, complete the Physics Classroom: Light Waves and Color Module.

In this unit, students will explore the unique behavior of light by discovering how it travels in straight lines until it hits a transparent medium and bends, and investigating how light waves reflect, refract, or absorb. Students will also learn to tell the difference between light waves and the matter waves that travel through physical objects. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, student-friendly visual tour of wave anatomy and how transverse waves behave when striking obstacles, watch Properties of Waves on YouTube.

• Crash Course Physics Video: To explore the deep mathematical concepts of refraction, index of refraction, and Snell's Law, check out Light: Reflection and Refraction on YouTube.

• MooMooMath and Science Video: For a quick, highly concise guide breaking down the structural differences separating mechanical waves from electromagnetic radiation, watch Mechanical vs Electromagnetic Waves on YouTube.

• PhET Bending Light Simulator: To actively experiment with lasers virtually—changing mediums from air to water or glass to watch exactly how the angle of incidence controls the angle of refraction in real time—explore the PhET: Bending Light Interactive Simulator.

• The Physics Classroom Tutorial Portal: For guided physics practice modules, ray diagram builders, and quizzes mapping how light behaves through flat and curved mirrors, utilize the Physics Classroom: Reflection and Refraction Learning Modules.

In this unit, students will explore the world of matter and heat by defining the differences between solids, liquids, and gases, and investigating how thermal energy alters different materials. Students will discover the predictable ways heat moves and learn how adding or removing heat can cause matter to change its state entirely.

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, student-friendly visual breakdown tracking particle motion, arrangement, and attraction levels across solid, liquid, and gas phases, watch States of Matter on YouTube.

• Crash Course Chemistry Video: To explore the deep kinetic molecular theory explaining how heat flows and why temperature stalls during a phase change graph, watch States of Matter and Phase Changes on YouTube.

• MooMooMath and Science Video: For a highly concise guide summarizing the practical everyday applications of conduction, convection, and radiation, watch Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation on YouTube.

• PhET States of Matter Virtual Lab: To actively step into a digital lab where you can pump thermal energy into neon, argon, or water molecules to watch them expand, accelerate, melt, or vaporize in real time, play with the PhET: States of Matter Basics Simulator.

• The Physics Classroom Tutorial Suite: For interactive calculation tools, concept checkpoints, and animations exploring how thermal expansion coefficient variables impact structural building materials, check out the Physics Classroom: Thermal Physics Learning Module.

In this unit, students will explore the rich variety of life on Earth by looking at biodiversity through three lenses: genetics, species, and entire ecosystems. Students will learn to spot the environmental changes that put wild populations at risk, and discover the scientific reasons why a species might face extinction if it can't adapt fast enough to a changing world. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, student-friendly exploration of genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity paired with memorable visual metaphors, watch Biodiversity on YouTube.

• Crash Course Ecology Video: To explore how human activities and environmental changes create fragmented habitats and threaten global biodiversity hot spots, check out Human Impact on Biodiversity on YouTube.

• Stated Clearly Video: For a clear, conceptual look at how a lack of variation prevents natural selection from functioning, leading down the evolutionary path to extinction, watch What is Extinction? on YouTube.

• HHMI BioInteractive Selection Simulator: To actively model how environmental changes (like changing volcanic rock color) alter survival rates and track whether a population successfully adapts or faces extinction based on its mutation rate, explore the HHMI BioInteractive: Selection and Adaptation Virtual Lab.

• The Concord Consortium Ecosystem Interactive: To practice adjusting slider bars for invasive species introductions and habitat sizes to watch the real-time cascading impacts on species richness and evenness, utilize the Concord Consortium: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability Model.

As you prepare for the module exam, make sure you're using the study tools right on our class resource page! Start by reviewing your guided notes (available in each lesson on the first and last pages or in the "Notes" tab at the top of the lesson window). A great trick is to cover up the main terms or answers and see if you can explain the concepts out loud in your own words.

Next, take the sample quizzes for each lesson without looking at your notes. When you finish, check your answers to see what you've already mastered and exactly which topics need a quick second review before you take your test!

In this unit, students will dive into the cutting-edge world of biotechnology to explore how breakthroughs in cloning, genetic engineering, and artificial selection affect our daily lives. Students will weigh the pros and cons of these powerful tools and debate their lasting impacts on individuals, human society, and the global environment. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Video: For an excellent, student-friendly exploration of how restriction enzymes insert foreign genes into bacterial plasmids, watch Genetic Engineering on YouTube.

• Crash Course Biology Video: To explore the historical evolution of artificial selection into modern CRISPR gene-editing tools, check out Biotechnology: Genetics & Tech on YouTube.

• Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell Video: For a phenomenal, beautifully animated look at the profound ethical pros and cons of rewriting human DNA, watch Genetic Engineering and CRISPR on YouTube.

• PBS LearningMedia Interactive: To practice stepping into a virtual laboratory to conduct a simulated DNA extraction and perform gel electrophoresis, complete the PBS Nova: Wonders of Biotechnology Virtual Lab Suite.

• HHMI BioInteractive Pocket Mouse Selection Lab: To view a real-world case study tracking how humans artificially selected specific agricultural traits in corn from its wild ancestor, teosinte, explore the HHMI BioInteractive: Evolution of Corn Resource Guide.

In this unit, students will unlock the secrets of living things by discovering how genetic information passes from parents to offspring to act as an instruction manual for physical traits. Students will learn to distinguish between dominant and recessive traits, read a genotype versus a phenotype, and explore how our unique DNA interacts with the environment around us to shape our personal health. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Alleles Video: For an excellent, student-friendly visual tour introducing how genes, alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes connect using clear cartoon examples, watch Alleles and Genes on YouTube.

• The Amoeba Sisters Monohybrid Video: To learn how to use a 4-square grid to mathematically predict how dominant and recessive traits pass to the next generation, watch Monohybrid Crosses (Punnett Squares) on YouTube.

• Crash Course Biology Video: To explore the historical experiments of Gregor Mendel and how he cracked the rules of dominant and recessive traits using pea plants, check out Heredity: Crash Course Biology on YouTube.

• PhET Gene Expression Simulator: To step into a virtual lab where you can manipulate a strand of digital DNA to generate proteins and observe how changing the genetic code alters an organism's visible traits in real time, play with the PhET: Gene Expression Essentials Interactive Simulator.

• Learn.Genetics (University of Utah) Health Portal: To explore highly engaging interactive modules showing exactly how lifestyle choices and environmental pollution alter how genes are turned on or off, utilize the University of Utah: Teach.Genetics Epigenetics and Inherited Health Insights Suite.

In this unit, students will crack the genetic code by exploring how diverse traits are inherited—from simple dominant and recessive genes to more complex codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple allele patterns. Students will learn to think like geneticists by using Punnett squares to predict the mathematical probability of specific genotypes and phenotypes, and tracing family histories using pedigrees 

• The Amoeba Sisters Non-Mendelian Video: For an excellent, student-friendly visual tour breaking down the exact differences between incomplete dominance, codominance, and multiple alleles, watch Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, and Polygenic Traits on YouTube.

• The Amoeba Sisters Sex-Linked Video: To easily visualize why males are at a higher statistical risk for X-linked recessive mutations, watch Sex-Linked Traits on YouTube.

• The Amoeba Sisters Pedigree Video: For a clear, step-by-step tutorial on how to work backward through a family tree to solve individual genotypes, watch Pedigrees on YouTube.

• Bozeman Science Punnett Practice: For a great deep dive into setting up complex monohybrid and dihybrid cross probability calculations, watch Punnett Squares on YouTube.

• PhET Interactive Expression Lab: To manipulate alleles virtually—crossing imaginary organisms with varied dominant, recessive, or codominant traits to graph phenotypic output percentages in real time—explore the PhET: Gene Expression and Inheritance Virtual Simulator.

• Learn.Genetics (University of Utah) Pedigree Interactive: To practice analyzing real historical pedigrees tracking hemophilia through royal lineages, complete the University of Utah: Teach.Genetics Tracking Traits Challenge Suite.

In this unit, students will explore how life perpetuates by comparing asexual and sexual reproduction, as well as the cellular processes of mitosis and meiosis that drive them. Students will weigh the biological pros and cons of each method and discover how genetic shake-ups—like crossing over, independent assortment, and mutations—alter DNA to create unique individuals. 

• The Amoeba Sisters Reproduction Video: For an excellent, student-friendly visual tour comparing asexual strategies with sexual reproduction cycles, watch Asexual and Sexual Reproduction on YouTube.

• The Amoeba Sisters Mitosis vs. Meiosis Video: For a highly engaging, clear side-by-side comparison tracking chromosome behavior and division counts, watch Mitosis vs. Meiosis Side-by-Side Comparison on YouTube.

• Crash Course Biology Video: To explore the deep structural details of Meiosis, crossing over, and how independent assortment creates variation, check out Meiosis: Where the Sex Starts on YouTube.

• PhET Cell Division Simulator: To step into a digital laboratory where you can manipulate cell cycles to watch how checkpoint failures impact cell replication rates, experiment with the PhET: Cell Division and Mutation Essentials Lab.

• HHMI BioInteractive Meiosis Animation: To view high-resolution, biologically accurate 3D rotations showing exactly how homologous chromosomes break and splice DNA segments during the crossing-over phase, interact with the HHMI BioInteractive: Mechanisms of Meiosis Interactive Tool.

As you prepare for the module exam, make sure you're using the study tools right on our class resource page! Start by reviewing your guided notes (available in each lesson on the first and last pages or in the "Notes" tab at the top of the lesson window). A great trick is to cover up the main terms or answers and see if you can explain the concepts out loud in your own words.

Next, take the sample quizzes for each lesson without looking at your notes. When you finish, check your answers to see what you've already mastered and exactly which topics need a quick second review before you take your test!

As you prepare for the module exam, make sure you're using the study tools right on our class resource page! Start by reviewing your guided notes (available in each lesson on the first and last pages or in the "Notes" tab at the top of the lesson window). A great trick is to cover up the main terms or answers and see if you can explain the concepts out loud in your own words.

Next, take the sample quizzes for each lesson without looking at your notes. When you finish, check your answers to see what you've already mastered and exactly which topics need a quick second review before you take your test!