Tissue Culture
These links and resources are useful for a number of standards offered within Innovative Horticulture.
We are fortunate to have a laminar flow unit and growing tents equipped with controlled temperature and lighting.
What is Tissue Culture?
Plant research often involves growing new plants in a controlled environment. These may be plants that we have genetically altered in some way or may be plants of which we need many copies all exactly alike. These things can be accomplished through tissue culture of small tissue pieces from the plant of interest. These small pieces may come from a single mother plant or they may be the result of genetic transformation of single plant cells which are then encouraged to grow and to ultimately develop into a whole plant. Tissue culture techniques are often used for commercial production of plants as well as for plant research.
Tissue culture involves the use of small pieces of plant tissue (explants) which are cultured in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. Using the appropriate growing conditions for each explant type, plants can be induced to rapidly produce new shoots, and, with the addition of suitable hormones new roots. These plantlets can also be divided, usually at the shoot stage, to produce large numbers of new plantlets. The new plants can then be placed in soil and grown in the normal manner.
Many types of plants are suitable for use in the classroom. Cauliflower, rose cuttings, African violet leaves and carnation stems will all easily produce clones (exact genetic copies) through tissue culture. Cauliflower florets in particular give excellent results since they can be grown into a complete plant in the basic tissue culture media, without the need for additional growth or root hormones. Green shoots are generally observable within three weeks, and roots develop within six weeks.
Essay # 1. Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture:
Plant tissue culture is the in vitro manipulation of plant cells and tissues, which is a keystone in the foundation of plant biotechnology. It is useful for plant propagation and the study of plant hormones, and is generally required to manipulate and regenerate transgenic plants.
Whole plants can be regenerated in vitro using tissues, cells, or a single cell to form whole plants by culturing them on a nutrient medium in a sterile environment. It will also look at the basic culture types used for plant transformation and cover some of the techniques that can be used to regenerate whole transformed plants from transformed cells or tissue.
Essay # 2. Driving Principle behind Plant-Tissue Culture:
Two concepts, plasticity and totipotency, are central to understanding plant cell culture and regeneration. Plants, due to their sessile (immobile) nature and long life span, have developed a greater ability to endure extreme conditions than have animals.
Many of the processes involved in plant growth and development adapt to environmental conditions. This plasticity allows plants to change their metabolism, growth, and development to best suit their environment.
Particularly important aspects of this adaptation, as far as plant tissue culture and regeneration are concerned, are the abilities to initiate cell division from almost any tissue of the plant and to regenerate lost organs or undergo different developmental pathways in response to particular stimuli.
When plant cells and tissues are cultured in vitro they generally exhibit a very high degree of plasticity, which-allows one type of tissue or organ to be initiated from another type. In this way, whole plants can be subsequently regenerated. This regeneration of whole organisms depends upon the concept that all plant cells can, given the correct stimuli, express the total genetic potential of the parent plant.
This maintenance of genetic potential is called totipotency. Plant cell culture and regeneration do, in fact, provide the most direct evidence for totipotency. Hence, if we provide suitable growth and nutrient conditions to a plant tissue in the laboratory, then it can regenerate into a whole new plant having a similar genome to that of the source plant.
For more like this go to http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/essay-on-plant-tissue-culture-botany/78741
edhortafgpurdueunitelesson6propagationtissuecultureppt (1).pdfPlant-Tissue-Culture-History-and-practical-applications-Matt-Hayes.pdf