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Books/Resources with one author

Author's last name, first initial middle initial. (Year of publication). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.

Henly, P. (1999). The hummingbird house. Denver: MacMurray.

Book with multiple authors

When a source has up to (an including) 6 authors, cite all their names. If the source has more than 6 authors, list the 6 followed by "et al."

Author's last name, first initial middle initial & 2nd Author's last name, first initial. (Year of publication).

Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.

Gillespie, P. & Lerner, N. (2000). The guide to peer tutoring. Boston: Ally.

Elliot, C., Harvey, K., Silverman, E., West, S.G., Sander, A. & Kate dunk, S., et al. (2000). Fighting winter blues. Philadelphia: Best Press.

Book with corporate author

Name of Organization. (Year of Publication). Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher.

American Allergy Association (1998). Allergies in children. New York: Random.

Books with no author or editor named

Title of book. (Year of publication). Place of publication: Publisher.

Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

Encyclopedia or Dictionary

Author's last name, first initial/Lead editor, et al. (Date) Name of Encyclopedia (edition, volume numbers). Place of publication: Publisher.

Kobasa, Paul, et al. (2006). The world book encyclopedia. (2006 ed., Vols. 1-22). Chicago: World Book, Inc.

Entry in an encyclopedia

Author's last name, first initial. (Year of publication). Title of Article. In Title of Encyclopedia (Volume, page number). Place of publication: Publisher.

Bergmann, P.G. (1993). Physics. In The world book encyclopedia (Vol. 26, 501-508). Chicago: World Book.

A brochure with corporate author

Name of Organization. (Year of publication). Title of brochure. (ec. Number). [Brochure]. Place of publication: Author's name if any / Author if organization is the author.

Child Care of Hawaii. (1005). Determining our childrens' future. {Brochure}. Honolulu: Author.

Article in a magazine

Author's last name, first initial. (Year Month Day) Title of Article. Name of Magazine, Volume, page numbers.

Pontz, J. (2000 November 20). TV makes a too-close call. Time. 135, 70-71.

Article in a newspaper

Author's last name, first initial. (Year, Month day) Title of Article. Name of Newspaper, page numbers.

Harada, W. (2006, December 23). Holiday happenings. The Honolulu Advertiser, pp. D1, D5.

Report from the Government Printing Office

Report Authors/Government Agency. (Date). Title of Report. (Report number if available). Place of publication: U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Report from a private organization

Author's last name, first initial. (Date). Title of Report (Report number if available). Place of publication: Author.

Blood Bank of Hawaii. (2007). Annual report (Vol. 25). Honolulu, HI: Author.

Proceedings of Meetings and Conferences

Unpublished paper presented at a meeting

Author's last name, first initial. (Date). Paper title. Paper presented at the meeting of the Name of Conference, Place of Conference.

Fong, N. (2007, June). Early data on the effects of mentoring in children ages 5-15. Paper presented at the meeting of the U.S. Social Workers Association, San Francisco, CA.

Unpublished raw data from study, untitled work

Author's last name, first initial. (Date). [Description of material content]. Unpublished raw data.

Jones, A. (2006). [Leeward Coast arrests demographics]. Unpublished raw data.

ELECTRONIC

Web Site

Author's last name, first initial (if given). (Date) Name of web site. Retrieved date you looked at site, URL.

Kirio, C. & Nakasone, V. (2007). Kapolei High School. Retrieved February 28, 2003, from http://www.k12.hi.us/~khshome/

Section in an internet document

Author, A. (Date). Title of Section. In Title of Web Site. Retrieved date you accessed page, from URL.

Jones, A. (2000, May). Using APA bibliography format. In APA Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/may00/cs.html

Internet articles based on a print source

Author's last name, first initial. (Date of Publication). Article Title. [Electronic version]. Title of journal, volume number (issue number if available), page numbers. Retrieved month day, year, from URL.

Fandangos, G., & Knapp, S. (2001). Role of reference elements. [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved October 31, 2001, from http://jbr.org/articles.

Online Encyclopedias and Dictionaries

Author's last name, first initial (if available). (Publication dates). In Name of Encyclopedia. Retrieved Date, from URL

Jackson, K. (2008). In Encyclopedia Britannica online. Retrieved May 9, 2008, from http://www.britannica.com

An article or publication retrieved from an electronic database

Author's last name, first initial. (Publication Date) Title of article. Article's original source, volume (page numbers). Retrieved date visited site, from name of electronic database.

Smith, M. (2009). World domination for dummies. Journal of Despotry. 38, 66-72. Retrieved November 1, 2002, from Academic Search Elite.

Online Lecture Notes and Presentation Slides

Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Title of lecture [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from URL

Kirio, C. (2007) Kapolei High School Library Media Center Orientation [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from: http://kapoleihs.k12.hi.us/ckirio/ppt/liborient.htm

Blogs and Video Blog Post

Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Title of message. Message/Video posted to URL.

Dean, J. (2008, May 8). Psychology Video Blog #3 [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwH830

Podcasts

Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Title of podcast. Podcast retrieved from: URL

Slavens, Kerry-lyn. (2018). Brains on! Podcast retrieved from: https://www.brainson.org/

Email, newsgroups, online/discussion forums and electronic mailing lists

Personal communications, which are not archived, shouldn't be included in a reference list and cited within the text only: C. Lee (personal communication, July 14, 2018)

Lee, C. (2018, July 14). Act 51. Message posted to Google Drive, archived at https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzyI3z285R14VGxWbHNmeEdWb00/view?usp=sharing

PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS

Making reference to words of others within your text

Information to gather:

• Author's last name

• Year of publication

• Page number(s) from which you took the quotation

If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference.

example:

Jones (1998) compared student performance...

In a recent study of student performance (Jones, 1998), ....

In 1998, Jones compared student performance...

When quoting directly from a work, you will need the authors, year of publication, and the page number for the reference.

example:

It was caused by the "irrational fear of losing status as an independent body of peace." (Peele, 1998, p.104)

If there is no author and no date for the source, use the first few words of the title, then the abbreviation n.d. (for "no date").

example:

A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers ("Using APA," n.d.).

Quotations of fewer than 40 words in your text

example:

She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style," (Jones, 1998, p.199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

Quotations of 40 or words

example:

Jones's 1993 study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the face that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p.199)

Personal communications (e.g., email)

example:

G.K. Doi also stated that many students had difficulty with APA style (personal communication, January 14, 2005).