Poster

This video shows the general histology of the cerebellum and the various cell layers and cell types present in the structure. The tissue has been double stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Luxol fast Blue.

Key things to note:

• The purple blue is the white matter.

• The pink areas are mostly gray matter.

• Cerebellum is responsible for movement control and balance.

This video shows the cerebellum, this time stained with an antibody which reveals amyloid beta pathology. One of the hallmark or characteristic pathology of AD is amyloid beta plaques. This stain shows reveals their distribution and morphology or structure.

Key things to note:

• Amyloid plaques are the brown deposits seen everywhere in this tissue.

  • If this patient did not have AD, the tissue would have been clear and nothing would stain brown.

• The type of plaques seen here are called as diffuse plaques.

• The brown deposition in the arterial walls is called as amyloid angiopathy.

  • Dangerous because it compromises the integrity of the blood vessel making microinfarcts or hemorrhages more likely.

This video shows the cerebellum, this time stained with a fluorescent dye called as Thioflavin S. This reveals the plaque and tau tangle pathology if present.

Key things to note:

• The diffuse plaques do no fluoresce, other types of plaques typically do.

• The brain tissue naturally look green with this dye, the fluorescence is classified as bright bright green.

This video shows coronal sections again stained with 21F12 to show the amyloid beta pathology.

Key things to note:

• You can see several important structures such as the caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, and hippocampus.

• In normal brain this would have been completely clear.

• This tissue shows VERY VERY heavy plaque pathology.

• Also shows heavy tau positivity.

• Just because tau pathology is observed in a neuron does not mean it has a tangle. To be able to call as tangles need to use Thioflavin S.

• VIDEO CORRECTION: The perivascular plaque pathology is not atypical to see in AD brains.

This video shows the hippocampus, this time stained with a fluorescent dye called as Thioflavin S. This reveals the plaque and tau tangle pathology if present.

Key things to note:

• The brain tissue naturally look green with this dye, the fluorescence is classified as bright bright green.

• The little bundles of threads within the neurons are called as tangles!