I am interested in a broad variety of astrophysical phenomena, especially transient ones (...explosions!). Over the years, I have studied different objects including active galactic nuclei and supernovae, but I have mostly focused my attention on interacting binary stars that host a massive white dwarf.
This is a link to my professional articles
If you are not an astrophysicist (or not yet!), I will describe here the topics of my work in a few words. White dwarfs are "dead stars", the end product of the evolution of most stars (those with mass lower than approximately 8 solar masses). They are cores of stars that have undergone a series of nuclear burnings. Unable to ignite new burnings, they lose the outer layers, often in the wind of a "planetary nebula". Most white dwarfs are composed of carbon and oxygen, although also white dwarfs composed of helium, and more rarely of oxygen and neon, exist. The more massive a white dwarf is, the more compact and dense it is. This is because in a white dwarf there are no "atoms", but only ions, and electrons move freely like in a metal. It is a condition of matter, called "electron degenerate", that makes white dwarfs very dense, close to the solar mass, but with radii of only tens of thousands of km (by comparison, the Sun radius is almost 700,000 km). They cool, still emitting light as they become colder, and "crystallize".
While a total explosion of a white dwarf (a thermonuclear supernova) is rare, thermonuclear burning of hydrogen in a shell at the bottom of the accreted envelope leads to the more common nova phenomenon, the type of explosion that I most often study. These outbursts are due to the "CNO cycle", which easily becomes explosive, inflating the accreted envelope and later giving rise to a superwind at velocity of thousands km/s, enriching the interstellar medium of several elements and isotopes. In these binaries, there are also smaller flares - often due to instabilities of an accretion disk that forms from the material spiralling onto the white dwarf.
This spectacular image is of a symbiotic star at "only" ~260 pc (~850 light years). Symbiotics are wide binaries with one white dwarf components, that begin interacting when the secondary has expanded into a red giant. We are not sure whether this structure (imaged in darker colors by the Hubble Space telescope, in whitish color with Chandra) was formed by a "proper" nova explosion, but we do know that the white dwarf often ejects some of the accreted material in jets-like polar outflows. See , among others, ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A%26A...612A..77M/abstract
Usually, white dwarfs can only innescate nuclear reactions in their interior in a "pycnonuclear" regime that is only dependent on the density of the matter, not its temperature. A type Ia, or "thermonuclear" supernova is triggered by burning of carbon 12, which occurs at such high density, that it is very, very close to the "Chandrasekhar" limit at which a white dwarf can only collapse into an even denser form of matter, called a neutron star (the radius then is of only few km!). We think that this type of supernova happens only if there is unusually high mass accretion from a companion, or two white dwarfs merge. However, there are also investigations to examine how this may happen without involving two stars, for example ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MNRAS.448.2100C/abstract
See Media- INAF on Kepler's supernova remnant
This is what we observe in X-rays today in the exact position in the sky of the supernova observed by Johannes Kepler in 1604!
In my work, I utilize a variety of X-ray telescopes in space.Two of the prominent ones are the Chandra X-ray observatory of NASA and, pictured here on the left, the XMM-Newton one of ESA with NASA collaboration. Such telescopes explore "the hot and extreme universe".