(56) Lumazine Synthase Nanoparticles as a Versatile Platform for Multivalent Antigen Presentation and Cross-Protective Coronavirus Vaccines

Jeswin Joseph, Kavitha Modenkattil Sethumadhavan, Priyanca Ahlawat, Malavika Prakash, Gayatri Kandpal, Gowtham Raj, Harshal Srivastava, Packirisamy Charulekha, Aswin K Dev, Akshaya Radhakrishnan, Virendra Singh, Rahul Yadav, Purnima Chandramohanan, Reji Varghese, Zaigham Abbas Rizvi, Amit Awasthi, and V. Stalin Raj 

ACS Nano 2025 

(55) Self-assembly of antisense DNA-camptothecin amphiphile into glutathione-responsive nanoparticles for combination cancer therapy

A. Krishna, A. Babulal, M. Sajeev, N. Ravi,G. Raj, A. Antony, N. D. Narendradev, S. M. Srinivasula and R. Varghese*

Chem. Eur. J. 2025

(54) DNAsome with self-boosting ROS generation via tumour acidosis for enhanced and targeted chemodynamic cancer therapy

G. Raj, J. Prasad, T. Ghosh, Vasudev D. S., Athul V. B., J. Kalita, D. B. Kumar and Reji Varghese*

Mater. Adv., 2024 

(53) Esterase-responsive floxuridine tethered multifunctional nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy

A. Krishna, G. Raj, P. Sandhya; G. Mohan, B. Aliyas, D. Perumal , R. Varghese*

ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2024, 7, 6276–6285

(52) G4-Hemin-loaded 2D nanosheets for combined and targeted chemo-photodynamic cancer therapy

G. Raj, T. Ghosh, V. D. S., P. Harsha , D. B. Kumar, J. Prasad, V. B. Athul, S. M. Abhimanyu, R. Varghese*

Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 16195-16203

(51) Self-Assembly of DNA–Porphyrin Supramolecular Amphiphile into Biocompatible Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging 

J. Kalathil, A. Antony, Sandhya P,  P. M. A. Sekhar, S. Christopher, D. Perumal, S. Paul, D. Samanta, M. S. Singh, R. Varghese*

ACS Appl. Opt. Mater. 2024, DOI: org/10.1021/acsaom.4c00096     

(50) Bimetallic DNAsome Decorated with G4-DNA as a Nanozyme for Targeted and Enhanced Chemo/Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy

G. Raj, A. P. Vasantha, V. D. Sreekumar, A. V. Beena, V. K. K. Dommeti, H. Perozhy, A. T. B. Jose, S. Khurana,* R. Varghese*

Adv. Healthcare Mat. 2024, 13, 2400256.         

(49) Multifunctional siRNA/ferrocene/cyclodextrin nanoparticles for enhanced chemodynamic cancer therapy

G. Raj, D. S. Vasudev, S. Christopher, A. Babulal, P. Harsha, S. Ram, M. Tiwari, M. Sauer, R. Varghese*

Nanoscale  2024, 16, 3755. 

(48) Antisense DNA loaded 2D nanosheets for combined photodynamic and antisense cancer therapy

G. Raj, J. Prasad, E. Anbu, S. Ram, G. B. Daniel, N. D. Narendradev, S. M. Srinivasula, R. Varghese* 

Mat. Chem. Front. 2024, 8, 553.

(47) Adamantoid scaffolds for multiple cargo loading and cellular delivery as  β-cyclodextrin  inclusion complexes

A. Ravi, A. Pathigoolla, H. Balan, R. Gupta, G. Raj, R. Varghese, K. M Sureshan*

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, 135, e202307324.

(46) 19F NMR ON/OFF nanoparticles: a universal approach for the specific detection of DNA-binding cancer biomarkers

D. Perumal, J. Krishna, K. S. Harikrishnan, G. Raj, J. Kalathil, M. Saji, Kavyasree M., R. Varghese*  

Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 8972.

(45) Tumor microenviornment responsive nanocarriers for efficient antisense DNA delivery and enhanced chemodynamic therapy 

G. Raj, D. S. Vasudev, N. D. Narendradev, V. K.  K. Dommeti, S. Shriwas, P. M. A. Sekhar, L. S. Jacob, S M. Srinivasula, R. Varghese*

Mat. Chem. Front. 2023, 7, 1821. 

(44) Supramolecular grafting of stimuli-responsive, carrier-free, self-deliverable nanoparticles of camptothecin and antisense DNA for combination cancer therapy

D. Perumal, J. Kalathil, J. Krishna, G. Raj, K. S. Harikrishnan, M. L. Uthpala, R. Gupta, R. Varghese*

New. J. Chem. 2022, 46, 16813.

(43) G4-Quartet hydrogel loaded with doxorubicin and hemin for cascade chemodynamic therapy

G. Raj, V. K. K. Dommeti, V. Pradeep, A. K. Veetil, R. Varghese*

Mat. Chem. Front. 2022, 6, 1533. 

(42) Biotin-decorated NIR-absorbing nanosheets for targeted photodynamic cancer therapy

D. Perumal, M. Golla, K. S. Pillai, G. Raj, A. Krishna, R. Varghese*

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 2804.

(41) Blue-emissive two-component supergelator with aggregation-induced enhanced emission

S. V. Chandrasekhar, N. Krishnan, S. Atchimnaidu, G. Raj, A P. Krishna, S. Sagar, S. Das, R. Varghese*

RSC Adv. 2021, 11,  19856.

(40) Galactose Grafted Two-Dimensional Nanosheets as a Scaffold for the In Situ Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Potential Catalyst for the Reduction of Nitroaromatics

K. S Harikrishnan, N. Krishnan, N. M. Kumar, A. Krishna, G. Raj, D. Perumal, J. Kalathil, J. Krishna, R. Varghese*

Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 27, 14100.

(39) Efficient Capturing of Polycyclic Aromatic Micropollutants From Water Using Physically Crosslinked DNA Nanoparticles

S. Atchimnaidu, HVP Thelu, D Perumal, KS Harikrishnan, R Varghese*

Front. Chem., 2020, 8, 2. 

(38) Galactose-Grafted 2D Nanosheets from the Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers for the Capture and Agglutination of Escherichia coli

N. Krishnan, D. Perumal, S. Atchimnaidu, K. S. Harikrishnan, M. Golla, N. M. Kumar, J. Kalathil, J. Krishna, D. K. Vijayan, R. Varghese*

Chem. Eur. J. 2020, 26, 1037.

(37) DNA-π Amphiphiles: A Unique Building Block for the Crafting of DNA-Decorated Unilamellar Nanostructures 

S. K. Albert, M. Golla, N. Krishnan, D. Perumal, R. Varghese*

Acc. Chem. Res. 2020, 53, 2668.

(36) Phototheranostic DNA micelles from the self-assembly of DNA-BODIPY amphiphiles for the thermal ablation of cancer cells

S. Atchimnaidu, D Perumal, KS Harikrishanan, HVP Thelu, R Varghese*

Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 11858. 

(35) DNA-Decorated, Helically Twisted Nanoribbons: A Scaffold for the Fabrication of One-Dimensional, Chiral, Plasmonic Nanostructures

M. Golla, S. K. Albert, S. Atchimnaidu, D. Perumal, N. Krishnan, R. Varghese*
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 3865.

(34) Self-assembly of tetraphenylethylene based dendron into blue fluorescent nanoparticles with aggregation induced enhanced emission

N. Krishnan, H. Ameena M. A., S. Atchimnaidu, D. Perumal, M. Golla, J. Krishna, R. Varghese*

J. Chem. Sci. 2018, 130, 141.

(33) Self-assembly of DNA–tetraphenylethylene amphiphiles into DNA-grafted nanosheets as a support for the immobilization of gold nanoparticles: a recyclable catalyst with enhanced activity

N. Krishnan, M. Golla, H. V. P. Thelu, S. K. Albert, S. Atchimnaidu, D. Perumal, R. Varghese*

Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 17174.

(32) Self-Assembly of Aptamer-Decorated, DNA−Protein Hybrid Nanogel: A Biocompatible Nanocarrier for Targeted Cancer Therapy

H. V. P. Thelu, S. Atchimnaidu, D. Perumal, K. S. Harikrishnan, S. Vijayan, R. Varghese*

ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2019, 2, 5227.

(31) Aptamer Decorated DNAsome for Targeted Cancer Therapy

M. Golla, S. P. Thaddi, D. Perumal, S. Atchimnaidu, R. Varghese*

ChemNanoMat 2018, 4, 1153.

(30) Self-assembly of DNA-tetraphenylethylene amphiphile into DNA grafted nanosheet as a support for the immobilization of gold nanoparticles: A recyclable catalyst with enhanced activity

N. Krishnan, M. Golla, H. V. P. Thelu, S. K. Albert, S. Atchimnaidu, D. Perumal, R. Varghese*

Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 17174. 

(29) Size controllable DNA nanogels from the self-assembly of DNA nanostructures through multivalent host–guest interactions

H. V. P. Thelu, S. K. Albert, M. Golla, N. Krishnan, D. Ram, S. M. Srinivasula, R. Varghese*

Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 222.

(28) DNA-Decorated Two-Dimensional Crystalline Nanosheets 

S. K. Albert, I. Sivakumar, M. Golla, H. V. P. Thelu, N. Krishnan, Joseph Libin K. L., Ashish, R. Varghese*

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 17799. 

(27) A pH-responsive DNAsome from the self-assembly of DNA  phenyleneethynylene hybrid amphiphile

S. K. Albert, H. V. P. Thelu, M. Golla, N. Krishnan, R. Varghese*

Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23, 8348.

(26) Modular Synthesis of Supramolecular DNA Amphiphiles through Host-guest Interactions and their Self-assembly into DNA-decorated Nanovesicles

S. K. Albert, H. V. P. Thelu, M. Golla, N. Krishnan, R. Varghese*

Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 5425.

(25) Oligo(p-phenylene-ethynylene)-Derived Super-p-Gelators with Tunable Emission and Self-Assembled Polymorphic Structures

A. Gopal, R. Varghese, A. Ajayaghosh*

Chem. Asian J. 2016, 7, 2061.

(24) DNA-Decorated Luminescent Vesicles as Drug Carriers

H. V. P. Thelu, S. K. Albert, M. Golla, N. Krishnan, S. B. Yamijala, S. V. Nair, S. M. Srinivasula,* R. Varghese*

ChemistrySelect 2016, 1, 5389.

(23) Synthesis and self-assembly of DNA–chromophore hybrid amphiphiles

S. K. Albert, M. Golla, H. V. P. Thelu, N. Krishnan, P. Deepak, R. Varghese*

Org. Biomol. Chem. 2016, 14, 6960.

(22) Self-Assembly of DNA–Oligo(p-phenylene-ethynylene) Hybrid Amphiphiles into Surface-Engineered Vesicles with Enhanced Emission

S. K. Albert, H. V. P. Thelu, M. Golla, N. Krishnan, S. Chaudhary, R. Varghese*

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 8352.

(21) DNA-Based Oligochromophores as Light-Harvesting Systems 

P. Ensslen, F. Brandl, S. Sezi, R. Varghese, R.-J. Kutta, B. Dick, H.-A. Wagenknecht*

Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 9349.

(20) Site-specific synthesis and in situ immobilization of fluorescent silver nanoclusters on DNA nanoscaffolds by use of the Tollens reaction

S. Pal, R. Varghese, Z. Deng, Z. Zhao, A.Kumar, Y. Liu,* H. Yan* 

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 41763. 

(19) DNA directed artificial light harvesting antenna

P. K. Dutta, R. Varghese, J.Nangreave, S. Lin, H. Yan,* Y. Liu* 

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 11985. 

(18) Conformational Control of Dual Emission by Pyrrolidinyl PNA-DNA Hybrids

S. Sezi, R. Varghese, T. Vilaivan, H.-A. Wagenknecht*

ChemistryOpen 2012, 1, 173.

(17) Non-covalent versus Covalent Control of Self-assembly and Chirality of Nile Red-modified Nucleoside and DNA

R. Varghese, H.-A. Wagenknecht* 

Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 9040. 

(16) Red-White-Blue Emission Switching Molecular Beacons: Ratiometric Multicolour DNA Hybridization Probes

R. Varghese, H.-A. Wagenknecht*

Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 3,526. 

(15) White-Light-Emitting DNA (WED)

R. Varghese, H.-A. Wagenknecht*

Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15, 9307.

(14) Synthesis and Optical Properties of Nile Red Modified 2′-Deoxyuridine and 7-Deaza-2’-deoxyadenosine: Highly Emissive Solvatochromic Nucleoside

R. Varghese, H.-A. Wagenknecht*

Synlett. 2009, 3252. 

(13) DNA as a supramolecular framework for the helical arrangements of chromophores: towards photoactive DNA-based nanomaterials

R. Varghese, H.-A. Wagenknecht*

Chem. Commun. 2009, 19, 2615. 

(12) Helical Supramolecular Architectures of Self-Assembled Linear π-Systems

V. K. Praveen, S.S. Babu, C. Vijayakumar, R. Varghese, A. Ajayaghosh*

Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2008, 81, 1196.

(11) Solvent Induced Aggregation and Cation Controlled Self-assembly of Tripodal Squaraine Dyes: Optical, Chiroptical and Morphological Properties

P. Chithra, R. Varghese, K. P. Divya, A. Ajayaghosh*

Chem. Asian J. 2008, 3, 1365.

(10) Controlled self-assembly of squaraines to 1D supramolecular architectures with high molar absorptivity

A. Ajayaghosh, P. Chithra, R. Varghese, K. P. Divya 

Chem. Commun. 2008, 969.

(9) Quadrupolar-Gels: Sol-Gel Tunable Red-Green-Blue (RGB) Emission in Donor-Acceptor Type Oligo(p phenylenevinylene)s

A. Ajayaghosh,* V. K. Praveen, S. Srinivasan, R. Varghese

Adv. Mater. 2006, 19, 411.

(8) Self-Assembly of Tripodal Squaraines: Cation Assisted Expression of Molecular Chirality and Spherical to Helical Morphology Change

A. Ajayaghosh,* P. Chithra, R. Varghese 

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 230. 

(7) Vesicles to Helical Nanotubes: An Unprecedented “Sergeant and Soldiers” Effect in the Selfassembly of Oligo(phenyleneethynylene)s

A. Ajayaghosh,* R. Varghese, S. Mahesh, V. K. Praveen 

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 7729.

(6) Self-Assembled - Nanotapes as Donor Scaffolds for Selective and Thermally Gated Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)

V. K. Praveen, S. J. George, R. Varghese, C. Vijayakumar, A. Ajayaghosh* 

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 7542.

(5) Self-Location of Acceptors as “Isolated” or “Stacked” Energy Traps in a Supramolecular Donor Self-Assembly: A Strategy to Wavelength Tunable FRET Emission

A. Ajayaghosh,* C. Vijayakumar, V. K. Praveen, S. S. Babu, R. Varghese  

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 7174. 

(4) Evolution of Nano to Microsized Spherical Assemblies of a Short Oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) into Superstructured Organogels

A. Ajayaghosh,* R. Varghese, V. K. Praveen, S. Mahesh 

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3261. 

(3) Transcription and Amplification of Molecular Chirality to Oppositely Biased Supramolecular - Helices

A. Ajayaghosh,* R. Varghese, S. J. George, C. Vijayakumar

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 1141. 

(2) Cholesterol-Aided Supramolecular Control over Chromophore Packing: Twisted and Coiled Helices with Distinct Optical, Chiroptical and Morphological Properties

A. Ajayaghosh,* C. Vijayakumar, R. Varghese, S. J. George 

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 456.

(1) Anion Induced Modulation of Self-Assembly and Optical Properties in Urea Endcapped Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s

R. Varghese, S.J. George, A. Ajayaghosh* 

Chem. Commun. 2005, 593.