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Explore authentic articles about Islam, the Qur'an, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Islamic beliefs and practices, and answers to frequently asked questions — all based on the Qur'an and authentic Sunnah.
FOUNDATIONS OF ISLAM❤️
FOUNDATIONS OF ISLAM❤️
1. What Is Islam?
1. What Is Islam?
Introduction
Islam is one of the world's largest and fastest-growing religions, followed by around two billion people from diverse cultures, languages, and backgrounds across every continent. It is a complete way of life centred upon the worship of the One God (Allah), moral responsibility, compassion, justice, and guidance through divine revelation.
For more than fourteen centuries, Islam has provided answers to humanity's most fundamental questions: Who created us? Why are we here? What is the purpose of life? What happens after death?
Contrary to a common misconception, the spread of Islam cannot simply be explained by military conquest. Throughout history, people from many different cultures and backgrounds have embraced Islam through its message of pure monotheism, justice, good character, and guidance for every aspect of life. The teachings of Islam continue to attract people from all backgrounds who seek purpose, inner peace, and a direct relationship with their Creator.
This article provides an introduction to the essential beliefs and teachings of Islam based on the Noble Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah (teachings and example) of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Each topic introduced here is explored in greater detail elsewhere in our Article Library.
Islam: Submission to the One True God
Islam is the religion of submission to the One True God. The word Islam comes from the Arabic root s-l-m, which conveys the meanings of peace, purity, safety, and submission. In its religious sense, Islam means willingly submitting to the will of Allah and finding true peace through following His guidance.
A person who follows Islam is called a Muslim—one who willingly submits to Allah.
Allah says in the Noble Qur'an:
"Indeed, the religion in the sight of Allah is Islam." (Qur'an 3:19)
And He says:
"And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers." (Qur'an 3:85)
The Core Belief: Tawhid (Oneness of Allah)
The foundation of Islam is Tawhid—the pure and absolute belief that Allah is One, without partners, equals, or rivals. He alone is the Creator, Sustainer, Provider, and Lord of the entire universe. He has no son or daughter, no partner in His divinity, and nothing is comparable to Him.
Allah beautifully describes Himself in the Qur'an:
"Say, 'He is Allah, the One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent."
(Qur'an 112:1–4)
This chapter, Surah Al-Ikhlas, beautifully summarises the essence of Islamic monotheism.
Tawhid is not merely a statement of belief; it shapes every aspect of a Muslim's life. It means worshipping Allah alone through prayer, supplication, hope, fear, trust, and devotion, while rejecting all forms of idolatry and associating partners with Him.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Whoever dies knowing that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah will enter Paradise." (Sahih Muslim)
The Message of All Prophets
Islam is not a new religion that began in the seventh century. Muslims believe it is the same message taught by all the prophets sent by Allah throughout history.
From Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus (peace be upon them all) to Muhammad ﷺ, every prophet called people to worship Allah alone and to live righteous lives.
Allah says:
"And We did not send any messenger before you except that We revealed to him: 'There is no deity except Me, so worship Me." (Qur'an 21:25)
Allah also says:
"He has ordained for you of religion what He enjoined upon Noah and that which We have revealed to you, and what We enjoined upon Abraham and Moses and Jesus—to establish the religion and not be divided therein." (Qur'an 42:13)
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the final messenger sent to all humanity.
"Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets." (Qur'an 33:40)
Allah completed His favour through the final message of Islam:
"This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favour upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion." (Qur'an 5:3)
Why Were We Created?
One of the most important questions people ask is: Why am I here?
Islam provides a clear answer.
Allah says:
"And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me." (Qur'an 51:56)
Worship in Islam is comprehensive. It includes prayer, fasting, charity, and pilgrimage, but also honesty, kindness, justice, helping others, seeking knowledge, caring for family, and serving society.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"Every good deed is charity." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Life is a temporary test.
Allah says:
"He who created death and life to test you as to which of you is best in deed." (Qur'an 67:2)
Success comes through sincere faith, worship, and righteous actions.
The Qur'an: Allah's Final Revelation
The Noble Qur'an is the final revelation sent by Allah to humanity. It was revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ over a period of twenty-three years through the Angel Jibril (Gabriel).
Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the literal word of Allah and a miracle in its language, message, preservation, and profound impact on individuals and societies.
Allah says:
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder, and indeed, We will be its guardian." (Qur'an 15:9)
The Qur'an provides guidance concerning faith, worship, morality, family life, justice, and the purpose of human existence.
Allah challenges those who doubt its divine origin:
"And if you are in doubt about what We have revealed to Our servant, then produce a surah like it and call upon your witnesses other than Allah, if you should be truthful." (Qur'an 2:23)
For more than fourteen centuries, this challenge has remained unanswered.
The Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ
The Qur'an is complemented by the Sunnah—the teachings, sayings, actions, and example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
His life demonstrates how the teachings of the Qur'an are applied in practice.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said:
"His character was the Qur'an." (Sahih Muslim)
Muslims are commanded to follow both the Qur'an and the authentic teachings of the Prophet ﷺ.
Allah says:
"Say, 'Obey Allah and obey the Messenger." (Qur'an 3:32)
And:
"Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah." (Qur'an 4:80)
The Five Pillars of Islam
Islam is built upon five essential acts of worship:
Shahadah – Declaration of Faith
Salah – Five daily prayers
Zakah – Annual charitable giving
Sawm – Fasting during Ramadan
Hajj – Pilgrimage to Makkah for those who are able
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"Islam is built upon five..." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
These pillars strengthen a Muslim's relationship with Allah and develop discipline, gratitude, compassion, and responsibility.
The Six Pillars of Faith (Iman)
The Prophet ﷺ explained:
"Faith is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and divine decree, both its good and its bad." (Sahih Muslim)
The six pillars of faith are:
Belief in Allah
Belief in His Angels
Belief in His Revealed Books
Belief in His Messengers
Belief in the Last Day
Belief in Divine Decree (Qadr)
These beliefs provide a complete understanding of life, purpose, accountability, and humanity's relationship with its Creator.
Islam and Good Character
Good character lies at the heart of Islamic teachings.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"The most beloved of you to me and the nearest of you to me on the Day of Resurrection are those who have the best character." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
Muslims are encouraged to be truthful, trustworthy, patient, humble, generous, forgiving, and compassionate.
Allah says regarding the Prophet ﷺ:
"And indeed, you are of a great moral character." (Qur'an 68:4)
True faith is reflected not only through worship but also through kindness and good conduct towards others.
Islam and Human Equality
Islam teaches that all human beings are equal before Allah regardless of race, ethnicity, nationality, language, or social status except in righteousness and piety
Allah says:
"O mankind, indeed We created you from a male and a female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you." (Qur'an 49:13)
During his Farewell Sermon, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that no person is superior to another because of race, ethnicity, nationality, or social status. True honour is only through righteousness and piety.
Islam therefore promotes justice, mutual respect, and the dignity of every human being.
Islam as a Complete Way of Life
Islam is a complete way of life that provides guidance for every aspect of human existence.
It teaches justice, mercy, honesty, personal responsibility, family values, respect for parents, care for neighbours, protection of the vulnerable, and the pursuit of beneficial knowledge.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
He also said:
"The Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand people are safe." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Accountability and the Hereafter
Islam teaches that every human being will return to Allah and be held accountable for their actions.
Allah says:
"So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." (Qur'an 99:7–8)
Allah is perfectly Just and Most Merciful. On the Day of Judgement, every person will be judged fairly according to their faith, intentions, and deeds.
Belief in the Hereafter encourages responsibility, hope, repentance, and striving to do good.
Common Misconceptions
Unfortunately, misconceptions about Islam often arise due to media portrayals, cultural practices, or the actions of individuals that do not represent authentic Islamic teachings.
Islam teaches justice, mercy, the sanctity of human life, and that every individual is accountable for their own actions.
Allah says:
"Whoever saves one life, it is as if he had saved all mankind." (Qur'an 5:32)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was sent as:
"A mercy to the worlds." (Qur'an 21:107)
Authentic Islam rejects oppression, injustice, racism, and extremism. Its teachings call humanity towards peace, justice, compassion, and the worship of the One Creator.
Conclusion: An Invitation to Learn More
Islam invites every human being to worship the One Creator and to live a life of purpose, faith, and righteousness.
Through the Qur'an and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Islam provides answers to life's greatest questions and offers guidance for attaining peace in this life and eternal success in the Hereafter.
Allah says:
"O mankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, that you may become righteous." (Qur'an 2:21)
If you are reading this with sincerity, we warmly invite you to continue exploring the articles on this website, ask questions, and reflect upon the message of Islam with an open heart and mind.
May Allah guide us all to the truth, increase us in knowledge and wisdom, and grant us sincere hearts that seek His pleasure. Ameen.
2. Why Islam?
2. Why Islam?
Introduction
Throughout history, people have searched for answers to life's greatest questions:
Why am I here?
Who created me?
What is the purpose of life?
What happens after death?
How should I live?
Islam provides clear, consistent, and meaningful answers to these questions. It is not merely a collection of rituals or cultural traditions, but a complete way of life based upon the worship of the One True God and His guidance for humanity.
It calls every person to know their Creator, live with purpose, and prepare for the life to come.
A Simple and Clear Belief
At the heart of Islam is a simple yet profound message:
There is only one God, Allah, who alone deserves to be worshipped.
Islam teaches a direct relationship between every person and their Creator. There are no intermediaries, priests, saints, or anyone else who must stand between a person and Allah. Every individual can turn directly to Him in prayer, repentance, and worship.
Allah says:
"And your God is One God. There is no deity worthy of worship except Him, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful." (Qur'an 2:163)
This message of pure monotheism is the same message taught by all of Allah's prophets, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all).
Islam Is a Universal Message
Islam is not the religion of one race, nation, or culture. It is a universal message intended for all people.
Allah says:
"And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a mercy to the worlds." (Qur'an 21:107)
Today, Islam is followed by nearly two billion people from every continent and every background. Muslims speak different languages, come from diverse cultures, and live in almost every country, yet they are united in worshipping the One Creator.
A Faith Based on Divine Revelation
Islam teaches that Allah did not leave humanity without guidance. Throughout history, He sent prophets and revealed scriptures to guide people towards truth and righteousness.
The final revelation is the Noble Qur'an, revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ over twenty-three years through the Angel Jibril (Gabriel).
Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the unchanged word of Allah, preserved in its original Arabic exactly as it was revealed.
Allah says:
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder, and indeed, We will be its guardian." (Qur'an 15:9)
For over fourteen centuries, millions of Muslims have memorised the Qur'an in its entirety, and it continues to be read daily by people of all ages around the world.
Islam Encourages Reflection and Reason
Islam encourages people to think, reflect, and use their intellect.
Rather than asking people to follow blindly, the Qur'an repeatedly invites humanity to observe the world around them and consider the signs of the Creator.
Allah says:
"Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for people of understanding." (Qur'an 3:190)
The harmony of the universe, the complexity of life, and the human ability to recognise right and wrong all point towards an All-Wise Creator.
Islam invites every sincere seeker to reflect upon these signs and search for the truth with an open heart and mind.
A Complete Way of Life
Islam is not limited to places of worship or religious ceremonies. It provides guidance for every aspect of life.
It teaches believers to be:
Honest and trustworthy
Kind to parents
Compassionate towards others
Fair and just
Respectful to neighbours
Generous to those in need
Responsible in their personal and family life
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The best among you are those with the best character." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Islam seeks to develop individuals of good character who contribute positively to their families, communities, and society.
Equality Before Allah
Islam teaches that every human being is equal before Allah.
A person's race, nationality, wealth, language, or social status does not determine their worth. True honour comes through faith and righteousness.
Allah says:
"Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you." (Qur'an 49:13)
This principle of equality has united people from every background under one faith for over fourteen centuries.
Purpose and Inner Peace
Many people spend their lives searching for meaning and lasting happiness.
Islam teaches that true peace comes from knowing and worshipping the One who created us.
Allah says:
"And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me." (Qur'an 51:56)
In Islam, worship includes prayer, charity, honesty, kindness, helping others, seeking knowledge, and living according to Allah's guidance.
When a person strengthens their relationship with Allah, they find a sense of purpose and inner peace that cannot be achieved through material possessions alone.
Allah says:
"Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest." (Qur'an 13:28)
Forgiveness and Hope
No matter how many mistakes a person has made, Islam teaches that Allah's mercy is greater.
Allah says:
"Say, 'O My servants who have transgressed against themselves, do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful." (Qur'an 39:53)
Every person has the opportunity to repent sincerely, seek Allah's forgiveness, and begin a new chapter in life.
No one is beyond the mercy of Allah.
Life After Death
Islam teaches that this worldly life is temporary and that every person will return to Allah.
On the Day of Judgement, every individual will be held accountable for their faith, intentions, and deeds.
Those who believed in Allah and sincerely followed His guidance will be rewarded with eternal happiness in Paradise by His mercy. Those who knowingly rejected the truth and persisted in wrongdoing will be held accountable with perfect justice.
Belief in the Hereafter gives meaning to our actions and reminds us that ultimate justice belongs to Allah alone.
Why Do People Accept Islam?
People embrace Islam for many different reasons.
Some are convinced by its clear belief in one God.
Others are inspired by the preservation and message of the Qur'an, the noble character of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, or the peace and purpose that Islam brings to their lives.
Many simply find that Islam answers questions they have carried for years.
Ultimately, Islam calls every human being to recognise their Creator, worship Him alone, and live according to His guidance.
Conclusion
Islam is a faith centred upon the worship of the One True God, belief in His prophets and revelations, and living a life of purpose, justice, mercy, and good character.
It provides clear answers to life's greatest questions while encouraging people to think, reflect, and seek the truth with sincerity.
Whether you are simply curious, exploring different beliefs, or searching for the purpose of life, we invite you to continue learning about Islam with an open heart and mind.
Perhaps your search for truth begins here.
3. Who Is Allah?
3. Who Is Allah?
Introduction
Allah is the Arabic word for God, the One and Only Creator, Sustainer, and Lord of the heavens and the earth. Muslims believe that Allah alone is worthy of worship, without partners, children, equals, or rivals. He is free from every imperfection, limitation, or weakness and is completely unlike His creation.
The word "Allah" is not exclusive to Muslims. Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also use the word "Allah" to refer to God. In Islam, however, the name Allah refers specifically to the One true God who revealed the Qur'an and sent prophets to guide humanity.
At the heart of Islam is Tawhid—the belief in the absolute Oneness of Allah. This is the central message of every prophet, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all).
Allah Is the Creator of Everything
Muslims believe that Allah created the entire universe and everything within it. He created the heavens and the earth, the stars, the mountains, the oceans, every living creature, and every human being.
Allah says:
"Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is, over all things, Disposer of affairs." (Qur'an 39:62)
Everything around us points to His existence and greatness. The precision of the universe, the complexity of life, and the perfect balance found throughout creation are signs of Allah's wisdom, knowledge, and power.
The Qur'an repeatedly invites people to reflect upon these signs as evidence of their Creator.
Allah Is One
The most fundamental belief in Islam is that Allah is One. He has no partner in His Lordship, no one shares His right to be worshipped, and nothing resembles Him.
Allah says:
"Say, He is Allah, the One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent." (Qur'an 112:1–4)
This short chapter, known as Surah Al-Ikhlas, beautifully summarises the Islamic understanding of God.
Allah is eternal and self-sufficient, while every created being depends entirely upon Him.
Allah Is Perfect
Unlike human beings, Allah is free from every weakness and imperfection.
He does not become tired.
He does not sleep.
He never forgets.
He is never unjust.
He is not in need of food, drink, or rest.
He is not limited by time or space.
Allah says in one of the greatest verses of the Qur'an, Ayat al-Kursi:
"Allah! There is no deity worthy of worship except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of all existence. Neither drowsiness overtakes Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth..." (Qur'an 2:255)
This magnificent verse reminds us of Allah's complete perfection, absolute authority, and unlimited knowledge.
Allah Is the Most Merciful
One of Allah's greatest attributes is His mercy.
Almost every chapter of the Qur'an begins with the words:
"In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful."
Allah's mercy encompasses all of creation. He provides for every living creature, accepts sincere repentance, forgives sins, and continually guides people towards what is good.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Allah is more merciful to His servants than a mother is to her child." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
No matter how great a person's mistakes may be, Allah's door of forgiveness remains open as long as they sincerely turn back to Him before death.
Allah says:
"Say, 'O My servants who have transgressed against themselves, do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful." (Qur'an 39:53)
Allah Knows Everything
Allah's knowledge is complete and perfect.
He knows the past, the present, and the future.
He knows what is seen and what is hidden.
He knows every thought, intention, hope, and fear within our hearts.
Allah says:
"Indeed, Allah has full knowledge of all things." (Qur'an 8:75)
Nothing escapes His knowledge, no matter how small.
Allah Hears Every Prayer
Allah hears every prayer, whether spoken aloud or whispered silently within the heart.
A believer does not need an intermediary to speak to Allah. Every person can call upon Him directly.
Allah says:
"And when My servants ask you concerning Me, indeed I am near. I respond to the call of the supplicant whenever he calls upon Me." (Qur'an 2:186)
This direct relationship between the Creator and His servants is one of the most beautiful aspects of Islam.
Allah Has Beautiful Names and Attributes
Allah has many beautiful names which describe His perfection.
Among them are:
Ar-Rahman – The Most Compassionate
Ar-Rahim – The Most Merciful
Al-Malik – The King
Al-Khaliq – The Creator
Al-Ghafoor – The Most Forgiving
Al-Hakeem – The All-Wise
As-Samee' – The All-Hearing
Al-Baseer – The All-Seeing
Al-'Aleem – The All-Knowing
Al-Qadeer – The All-Powerful
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Allah has ninety-nine names. Whoever learns them, understands them, and lives according to their meanings will enter Paradise." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
Learning Allah's names helps believers know their Creator better and strengthens their love, hope, and trust in Him.
Why Do Muslims Worship Allah Alone?
Since Allah alone created, sustains, and controls everything, Muslims believe that He alone deserves worship.
No prophet, angel, saint, idol, or created being shares His right to be worshipped.
Allah says:
"And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me." (Qur'an 51:56)
Worship in Islam is much more than prayer. It includes every sincere act done to please Allah, such as honesty, charity, kindness, patience, helping others, and remembering Him throughout our lives.
Can We See Allah?
In this worldly life, human beings cannot see Allah.
When Prophet Musa (Moses, peace be upon him) asked to see Allah, he was informed that he could not bear it in this life.
However, Muslims believe that one of the greatest rewards awaiting the believers in Paradise will be the honour of seeing Allah.
This will be the greatest joy and blessing that the people of Paradise will experience.
Allah Sent Prophets to Guide Humanity
Allah did not leave humanity without guidance.
Throughout history, He sent prophets and messengers to teach people who He is and how to worship Him.
Among them were:
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad (peace be upon them all)
Although they lived in different times and places, they all called people to the same message: worship Allah alone and follow His guidance.
Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was the final messenger sent to all of humanity.
Knowing Allah Brings Peace
Every human being searches for peace, purpose, and happiness.
Islam teaches that true peace is found through knowing and worshipping Allah.
He is the One who created us, provides for us, hears our prayers, forgives our sins, and guides those who sincerely seek Him.
Allah says:
"Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest." (Qur'an 13:28)
The closer a person draws to Allah, the greater their sense of purpose, hope, and inner peace.
Conclusion
Allah is the One and Only Creator, the Lord of all that exists, and the only One worthy of worship. He is perfect in His knowledge, wisdom, mercy, justice, and power. He has no partners, no children, no equals, and no shortcomings.
He hears every prayer, knows every secret, forgives those who sincerely repent, and guides those who seek the truth.
The central message of Islam is simple yet profound: know your Creator, worship Him alone, and follow the guidance He revealed through His prophets.
By knowing Allah, a person discovers the true purpose of life, finds lasting peace in this world, and hopes for eternal success in the Hereafter.
4. Why Do Muslims Believe in One God?
4. Why Do Muslims Believe in One God?
Introduction
One of the most fundamental beliefs in Islam is that there is only one God, Allah, who alone deserves worship. This belief is known as Tawhid, meaning the absolute Oneness of Allah.
Tawhid is the foundation of Islam and the central message of every prophet sent by Allah. Muslims believe that Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all) all called people to worship the same One Creator.
Belief in one God is not simply a religious doctrine—it shapes every aspect of a Muslim's life, providing purpose, direction, and a direct relationship with the Creator.
The Message of Every Prophet
Islam teaches that Allah never left humanity without guidance. Throughout history, He sent prophets and messengers to every nation, all calling people to worship Him alone and abandon false gods.
Allah says:
"And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, saying, 'Worship Allah and avoid false gods."' (Qur'an 16:36)
Although the prophets lived in different places and times, their essential message remained the same:
Worship Allah alone.
Obey His guidance.
Live righteous lives.
Prepare for the Hereafter.
Muslims therefore believe that Islam is not a new religion but the continuation and completion of the same message preached by all the prophets.
Why Only One God?
When we reflect upon the universe, we see remarkable order, balance, and harmony.
The sun rises and sets according to fixed laws.
The planets move with precision.
Life depends upon countless systems working together perfectly.
Islam teaches that this perfect order points to one supreme Creator.
Allah says:
"Had there been within the heavens and the earth gods besides Allah, they both would have been ruined." (Qur'an 21:22)
If two or more gods possessed equal authority over creation, conflict and disorder would inevitably occur. The harmony of the universe is evidence that it is governed by one all-powerful Creator.
Allah Is Unique
Allah is unlike anything in creation.
He is not a human being.
He is not part of creation.
Nothing resembles Him.
Allah says:
"There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing." (Qur'an 42:11)
Everything in creation has limitations. Human beings become tired, age, and depend upon others. Allah, however, is eternal, perfect, and completely independent of His creation.
Worship Belongs to the Creator Alone
Since Allah alone created us, provides for us, and controls every aspect of existence, Muslims believe that He alone deserves worship.
Allah says:
"O mankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, so that you may become righteous." (Qur'an 2:21)
For this reason, Muslims direct every act of worship—including prayer, supplication, hope, fear, trust, and reliance—to Allah alone.
No prophet, angel, saint, or righteous person is worshipped alongside Him.
Islam Rejects the Worship of Created Things
Throughout history, people have worshipped many created things, including:
Idols and statues
The sun, moon, and stars
Human beings
Wealth and power
Saints or spiritual figures
Islam teaches that everything besides Allah is part of creation and therefore cannot deserve worship.
Allah says:
"Indeed, those whom you call upon besides Allah can never create even a fly, even if they gathered together for that purpose." (Qur'an 22:73)
Only the Creator deserves our worship—not His creation.
Tawhid Brings Freedom
Belief in one God is not only a theological belief; it also transforms a person's life.
When someone worships Allah alone, they are freed from being controlled by wealth, status, public opinion, or worldly desires.
Their greatest concern becomes pleasing their Creator.
This gives life purpose, dignity, and inner peace.
A Muslim knows that they were created by Allah, live according to His guidance, and will ultimately return to Him.
A Direct Relationship with Allah
One of the unique features of Islam is that every person has a direct relationship with Allah.
There is no need for a priest, intermediary, or anyone else to carry prayers to God.
Every person can turn directly to Allah at any time, in any place.
Allah says:
"And when My servants ask you concerning Me, indeed I am near. I respond to the call of the supplicant whenever he calls upon Me." (Qur'an 2:186)
This close relationship with the Creator is a source of comfort, hope, and strength for Muslims throughout their lives.
The Pure Monotheism of Abraham
Muslims greatly honour Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham, peace be upon him), who rejected idol worship and devoted himself entirely to Allah.
The Qur'an describes him as a sincere believer who worshipped the One true God alone.
Allah says:
"Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was one inclining toward truth, a Muslim, submitting to Allah; and he was not among those who associated others with Allah." (Qur'an 3:67)
Muslims strive to follow this same pure monotheistic faith.
Why Is Tawhid So Important?
Islam teaches that Tawhid is the greatest truth a person can accept.
It defines our relationship with our Creator and gives meaning to every act of worship.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Whoever dies knowing that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah will enter Paradise." (Sahih Muslim)
Belief in Allah's Oneness is the foundation upon which all other Islamic beliefs and acts of worship are built.
Conclusion
Muslims believe in one God because this is the message taught by every prophet, affirmed by divine revelation, and supported by reason and reflection upon creation.
Allah is the One Creator, the Sustainer of all things, and the only One worthy of worship. He has no partners, no equals, no children, and no rivals.
By worshipping Allah alone, a person fulfils the purpose for which they were created, develops a direct relationship with their Creator, and finds true peace, guidance, and hope for success in this life and the Hereafter.
5. Does God Exist?
5. Does God Exist?
Introduction
Perhaps no question has been asked more throughout history than this:
Does God really exist?
People from every culture and generation have searched for the answer. Some believe in God with certainty, while others remain unsure or reject belief altogether.
Islam invites every person to consider this question with an open mind, using both reason and reflection. Rather than asking people to believe blindly, the Qur'an repeatedly encourages us to observe the world around us, reflect upon ourselves, and use the intellect that Allah has given us.
Allah says:
"Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for people of understanding." (Qur'an 3:190)
From an Islamic perspective, belief in God is not irrational. Rather, it is the most reasonable explanation for our existence, the order of the universe, and the purpose of life.
The Universe Had a Beginning
Current scientific evidence indicates that the universe had a beginning.
Everything that begins to exist has a cause.
A house has a builder.
A book has an author.
A painting has a painter.
Likewise, the universe itself points to a cause beyond the universe.
The Qur'an asks a simple but profound question:
"Were they created by nothing, or were they the creators of themselves? Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Rather, they are not certain." (Qur'an 52:35–36)
These verses invite us to think logically.
Can something come from absolutely nothing?
Can something create itself before it exists?
Or is it more reasonable that the universe was brought into existence by an eternal, powerful, and intelligent Creator?
Islam teaches that this Creator is Allah.
The Order and Design of Creation
Wherever we look, we find remarkable order.
The earth is perfectly suited for life.
The laws of nature operate with extraordinary precision.
Living organisms display astonishing complexity.
The human body consists of billions of cells working together in harmony.
The stars, planets, and galaxies all follow precise laws.
The Qur'an repeatedly draws our attention to the many signs within creation:
“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the ships that sail through the sea for the benefit of humanity, and the rain Allah sends down from the sky—giving life to the earth after it was lifeless—and the creatures He has scattered throughout it, and the changing of the winds, and the clouds compelled between the heavens and the earth are all signs for people of understanding.” (Qur'an 2:164)
Science helps us understand how the universe works.
Islam invites us to ask an equally important question:
Why does such an ordered universe exist at all?
The existence of consistent laws and remarkable precision points towards wisdom and purpose rather than chance alone.
Our Natural Recognition of God
Islam teaches that every human being is born with a natural inclination to recognise and worship the One Creator. This natural disposition is known as the fitrah.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Every child is born upon the fitrah..." (Sahih al-Bukhari; Sahih Muslim)
Throughout life, our upbringing, experiences, and personal choices may strengthen or weaken this natural awareness.
Many people, regardless of their beliefs, instinctively turn to God during moments of fear, danger, or desperation. Islam teaches that this reflects the deep awareness placed within every human being of their dependence upon their Creator.
The Human Search for Meaning
Human beings naturally search for purpose.
We ask:
Why am I here?
Why do good and evil exist?
What happens after death?
Is there ultimate justice?
Islam teaches that these questions have meaningful answers.
Allah says:
"And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me." (Qur'an 51:56)
In Islam, worship is not limited to prayer. It includes living according to Allah's guidance through faith, honesty, kindness, justice, compassion, and good character.
Does Science Remove the Need for God?
Some people assume that scientific discoveries remove the need for belief in God.
Islam does not see science and faith as being in conflict.
Science helps us understand many of the processes that govern the natural world. It explains how many things happen.
Faith addresses deeper questions that science itself cannot answer, such as:
Why does the universe exist?
Why are the laws of nature so finely ordered?
Why is there something rather than nothing?
What is the purpose of human life?
Throughout Islamic history, many Muslim scholars made important contributions to mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and other sciences while believing that studying creation increased their appreciation of the Creator.
The Qur'an consistently encourages observation, learning, and reflection.
Why Doesn't God Show Himself?
Some people ask:
"If God exists, why can't we see Him?"
Islam teaches that this worldly life is a test.
Allah has chosen to make Himself known through His signs rather than by direct sight.
Many real things cannot be seen with our eyes alone. We cannot see gravity, electricity, or the wind, yet we recognise their existence through their effects.
Likewise, Allah's signs are evident throughout creation for those willing to reflect.
Allah says:
"We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth." (Qur'an 41:53)
A Personal Invitation
Islam does not ask anyone to abandon reason.
Instead, it invites people to think, reflect, and sincerely seek the truth.
Allah says:
"There shall be no compulsion in religion. The right course has become clear from the wrong." (Qur'an 2:256)
Whether you are a believer, an atheist, an agnostic, or simply someone searching for answers, we encourage you to read the Qur'an with an open mind and reflect upon its message.
Many people who once doubted God's existence found certainty after sincerely examining the evidence and seeking the truth.
Conclusion
The question of God's existence is one of the most important questions anyone can ask.
Islam teaches that the universe, the order of creation, our own nature, and divine revelation all point towards one clear reality: there is one Creator.
Allah says:
"Allah—there is no deity worthy of worship except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of all existence." (Qur'an 2:255)
Belief in Allah gives life purpose, provides a foundation for morality, and offers hope beyond this temporary world.
For those who sincerely seek the truth, the Qur'an offers a timeless invitation to reflect, to question, and ultimately to know the One who created us all.
Read Further:
6. From the Universe to the Creator: God, Reason and Science
6. From the Universe to the Creator: God, Reason and Science
When we look at the universe around us, we naturally begin to ask some of life's deepest questions:
Where did everything come from? Why does the universe exist? Does it have a purpose? And does science leave any room for belief in God?
Islam does not ask us to stop thinking in order to believe. On the contrary, the Qur’an repeatedly calls people to observe, reflect and use their intellect.
“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for those of understanding.” (Qur’an 3:190)
For Muslims, the universe is not God. It is a sign of God.
Science and Religion: Do We Have to Choose?
Science is one of humanity's greatest tools for understanding the natural world. It investigates matter, energy, living organisms, stars, planets and the physical laws governing creation.
But science primarily investigates how things work. It does not necessarily answer every question about why they exist.
For example, science can explain how a clock's gears move and how its mechanism keeps time. But explaining how the mechanism works does not answer the question of who made the clock or why it exists.
Likewise, understanding how the universe operates does not automatically answer why there is a universe in the first place.
Islam therefore does not see scientific discovery as a threat to belief in God. The natural world is part of God's creation, and studying it can deepen our appreciation of His wisdom and power.
Could the Universe Explain Its Own Existence?
Everything we experience within the universe is dependent in some way. Living things depend on other living things and on their environment. Stars, planets and matter exist within a universe governed by physical laws.
This raises a fundamental question:
Why does anything exist at all?
The Qur’an challenges people to think about the possibility of creation coming from nothing or creating itself:
“Or were they created by nothing, or were they the creators of themselves? Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Rather, they are not certain.” (Qur’an 52:35–36)
Something cannot create itself, because it would have to exist before it existed.
Islam teaches that the universe is created and dependent, while Allah is the Creator and is not dependent upon creation.
What About the Beginning of the Universe?
Modern cosmology describes the universe as having a finite history and an extremely hot, dense early state. These discoveries raise important philosophical questions about the origin of the universe.
However, Muslims should be careful not to make the Qur’an dependent upon a particular scientific model.
The Qur’an is not a physics textbook. Its purpose is guidance.
Whether discussing the beginning of the universe, the development of life or the laws of nature, scientific theories can develop as new evidence becomes available. Therefore, Muslims should distinguish between established scientific knowledge and interpretations that remain uncertain.
The deeper question remains:
Why is there a universe governed by consistent laws at all?
Science can investigate the processes within the universe. Philosophy and theology can also ask why the universe exists and whether it ultimately depends upon a Creator.
The Remarkable Order of Creation
The universe is not simply a collection of unrelated objects. It operates according to consistent patterns and laws that allow us to study and understand it.
The Qur’an repeatedly directs our attention to this order:
“He created the heavens and the earth in truth and proportion.” (Qur’an 6:73)
The existence of an ordered and intelligible universe does not mean that science has answered every question. Rather, it gives us another reason to reflect.
Why is the universe understandable by the human mind?
Why do mathematical relationships describe the physical world so effectively?
Why do the laws of nature exist?
These are questions that go beyond simply describing physical processes.
Islam Encourages Reason
Islam does not teach blind faith.
The Qur’an repeatedly asks people to think and reflect rather than simply follow assumptions inherited from others.
“Do they not reflect within themselves?” (Qur’an 30:8)
Human reason can help us recognise that the universe is not self-explanatory. We can observe its existence, order and dependence and ask what lies behind them.
But reason also has limits.
Reason can lead us towards recognising that a Creator exists, but it cannot independently tell us everything about that Creator—His names and attributes, what He expects from us, or what happens after death.
This is where revelation becomes essential.
From Reason to Revelation
If reason leads us to recognise that there is a Creator, the next question is:
Who is that Creator?
Islam answers this through revelation.
The Qur’an describes Allah with remarkable clarity:
“Say, ‘He is Allah—One. Allah—the Sustainer needed by all. He has never had offspring, nor was He born. And there is none comparable to Him.’” (Qur’an 112:1–4)
Allah is not part of creation. He is its Creator.
He does not depend upon the universe. The universe depends upon Him.
The Qur’an also teaches:
“There is nothing like Him, for He is the All-Hearing, All-Seeing.” (Qur’an 42:11)
This is why Islam does not ask us to imagine God as a powerful being somewhere within the universe. Allah is fundamentally unlike His creation.
Can Science Disprove God?
No.
Science can investigate physical claims about the natural world. If a claim is testable, scientific evidence can support or challenge it.
But the statement “God does not exist” is not itself a scientific experiment.
God, according to Islam, is not a physical object within the universe that can be placed under a microscope or detected like a particle.
Therefore, saying that “science has disproved God” goes beyond what the scientific method can establish.
At the same time, Muslims should not claim that every scientific discovery is a direct proof of Islam. Scientific evidence can contribute to our reflection, but belief in God rests upon a wider body of reasoning and revelation.
The Qur’an and the Natural World
The Qur’an encourages people to look at creation:
“Say, ‘Observe what is in the heavens and the earth.’” (Qur’an 10:101)
The natural world is therefore worthy of study.
Muslims should not be afraid of scientific investigation. At the same time, the Qur’an should not be treated as a modern science textbook or forced to fit every new scientific theory.
The purpose of its references to creation is often to direct our attention beyond the creation itself—to the Creator and to the meaning of our existence.
The Harmony of Faith and Reason
Islam does not present a choice between science and God.
A person can study the universe and still ask why it exists.
A person can investigate the laws of nature and still ask why those laws exist.
A person can understand the mechanisms of life and still ask what gives human existence its ultimate purpose.
Science helps us understand creation.
Reason helps us reflect upon what we discover.
Revelation tells us who the Creator is and why we are here.
The Qur’an beautifully brings these ideas together:
“We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth.” (Qur’an 41:53)
Conclusion
The existence of God is not a question that requires us to abandon reason or reject science.
Islam invites us to observe the universe, think deeply about its existence and recognise the signs within creation.
Science can tell us much about how the universe works. Reason can lead us to ask why it exists. Revelation then tells us about the Creator, our purpose and how we should live.
For Muslims, studying creation is not a journey away from God.
It can be a journey towards recognising Him.
“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for those of understanding.” (Qur’an 3:190)
Further Reading:
7. Who Created God?
7. Who Created God?
Introduction
One of the most common questions people ask is:
"If everything has a creator, then who created God?"
At first, this may seem like a reasonable question. However, from the Islamic perspective, it is based on a misunderstanding of who God is.
Islam teaches that everything that is created has a creator, but God Himself is not part of creation. He is the Eternal Creator who has always existed and has no beginning or end.
Allah Is the Eternal Creator
The Qur'an describes Allah as eternal and self-sufficient.
Allah says:
"He is the First and the Last, the Most High and the Most Near. And He has full knowledge of all things." (Qur'an 57:3)
Allah also says:
"Say, He is Allah, the One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born. And there is none comparable to Him." (Qur'an 112:1–4)
Unlike everything else in existence, Allah was never created. He has always existed and depends on nothing, while everything else depends upon Him.
Everything That Begins to Exist Needs a Cause
When we look around us, we see that everything in the universe has a beginning.
Buildings are built by builders.
Books are written by authors.
Cars are manufactured by engineers.
Human beings are born.
Stars are formed.
Even the universe itself had a beginning.
Everything that begins to exist requires a cause.
However, if every cause also required another cause, we would end up with an endless chain of creators, and nothing could ever exist.
There must ultimately be a First Cause—One who was never created and who brought everything else into existence.
Islam teaches that this First Cause is Allah.
Why the Question Is Incorrect
Asking "Who created God?" is like asking:
What does the colour blue taste like?
How much does the number seven weigh?
Who is the bachelor's wife?
The question itself contains a contradiction.
By definition, God is the uncreated Creator.
If someone created God, then that being would be greater than God, and we would then have to ask who created that creator. The question would continue forever without ever reaching an answer.
Reason tells us that there must be One who has always existed and who is not dependent on anyone else.
The Qur'an Invites Us to Reflect
The Qur'an asks powerful questions that encourage us to think logically.
Allah says:
"Were they created by nothing, or were they the creators of themselves? Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Rather, they are not certain." (Qur'an 52:35–36)
These verses point us towards the only rational conclusion: the universe has a Creator who is unlike His creation.
What Did Prophet Muhammad ﷺ Teach?
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ recognised that people may experience doubts or confusing thoughts.
He said:
"Satan comes to one of you and says, 'Who created this? Who created that?' until he says, 'Who created your Lord?' When it reaches that point, let him seek refuge in Allah and stop pursuing such thoughts." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
This hadith teaches that such questions can arise in the human mind, but they should not lead us into endless speculation. Instead, we should remember that Allah is the Eternal Creator, beyond the limitations of His creation.
Allah Is Unlike His Creation
Everything we know in this world has limits.
People are born and die.
Objects wear out.
Stars eventually burn out.
Time itself had a beginning.
Allah is completely different.
He is not limited by time, space, or the physical laws that govern the universe because He created them.
The Qur'an reminds us:
"There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing." (Qur'an 42:11)
Our minds can understand many things about creation, but they cannot fully comprehend the reality of the Creator.
Faith and Reason Together
Islam does not ask people to abandon reason.
On the contrary, it encourages thoughtful reflection.
When we consider the origin of the universe, the order of creation, and the existence of natural laws, the most reasonable conclusion is that there is one eternal Creator who was never created.
That Creator is Allah.
Conclusion
The question "Who created God?" assumes that God is like His creation.
Islam teaches otherwise.
Allah is the Eternal Creator. He has no beginning, no end, and no creator.
Everything in the universe depends upon Him, while He depends upon nothing.
Allah says:
"Allah—the Eternal Refuge." (Qur'an 112:2)
Understanding this helps us recognise the unique nature of Allah and the foundation of Islamic belief: that there is only one eternal, all-powerful Creator who brought everything into existence.
Read Further:
8. Why Does God Allow Suffering?
8. Why Does God Allow Suffering?
Introduction
One of the most challenging questions people ask is:
"If God is all-powerful and all-merciful, why is there suffering in the world?"
Every day we witness illness, natural disasters, poverty, injustice, and the loss of loved ones. Many people wonder why a loving God would allow such hardship.
Islam does not ignore this question. Instead, it provides a meaningful and balanced understanding of suffering, reminding us that this life is temporary and that Allah's wisdom extends far beyond what we can always see.
This Life Is a Test
Islam teaches that this world is not Paradise. It is a temporary place of testing.
Allah says:
"He who created death and life to test you as to which of you is best in deeds. And He is the Almighty, the Most Forgiving." (Qur'an 67:2)
Every person is tested differently.
Some experience wealth.
Others experience poverty.
Some enjoy good health.
Others face illness or disability.
Some are tested through success, while others through loss.
These differences are not signs of Allah's love or displeasure. Rather, they are part of the unique tests that each person faces.
Allah Is Always Just
Sometimes we witness terrible injustice and wonder why it is allowed to happen.
Islam teaches that Allah never acts unjustly.
Allah says:
"Indeed, Allah does not wrong anyone, even by the weight of an atom." (Qur'an 4:40)
Human beings possess free will and are responsible for many of the wrongs committed in the world.
Wars, oppression, violence, corruption, and exploitation are often the result of human choices—not because Allah approves of them.
Although Allah allows people the freedom to choose, He will hold everyone accountable on the Day of Judgement.
Suffering Can Bring Growth
Difficulties often develop qualities that comfort and ease rarely produce:
Patience
Compassion
Humility
Gratitude
Trust in Allah
Many people discover their greatest strength during life's hardest moments.
Allah says:
"Perhaps you dislike something while it is good for you, and perhaps you love something while it is bad for you. Allah knows, while you do not know." (Qur'an 2:216)
We may not always understand the wisdom behind every hardship, but Islam teaches that Allah's knowledge is complete, while ours is limited.
Even the Prophets Faced Trials
The people most beloved to Allah were also those who faced the greatest hardships.
Prophet Nuh (Noah) was mocked for centuries.
Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was thrown into the fire.
Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) was betrayed by his brothers and imprisoned.
Prophet Musa (Moses) faced persecution from Pharaoh.
Prophet Isa (Jesus) faced rejection from many of his people.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ lost his parents in childhood, buried several of his children, and endured persecution, exile, and many personal hardships.
Their trials did not indicate Allah's displeasure. Rather, they elevated their status and strengthened their faith.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"The people who were tested most severely are the Prophets, then those nearest to them, then those nearest to them. A person is tested according to the strength of his faith..." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
Allah Never Burdens a Soul Beyond Its Ability
Life's challenges can sometimes feel overwhelming.
Yet Allah gives reassurance:
"Allah does not burden a soul beyond what it can bear." (Qur'an 2:286)
Every hardship brings opportunities for patience, perseverance, and drawing closer to Allah.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"No fatigue, illness, anxiety, sorrow, harm or distress befalls a Muslim—even the prick of a thorn—except that Allah expiates some of his sins because of it." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
For the believer, suffering is never meaningless.
What About Children and Innocent People?
One of the most difficult questions concerns the suffering of children and innocent people.
Islam teaches that Allah is perfectly Just and perfectly Merciful.
This life is not the final destination.
Ultimate justice will be established on the Day of Judgement.
Those who suffer unjustly in this world will never lose their reward with Allah.
The temporary hardships of this life cannot be compared with the everlasting happiness prepared for the righteous in the Hereafter.
Allah says:
"Indeed, those who patiently persevere will be given their reward without measure." (Qur'an 39:10)
Why Doesn't Allah Remove All Suffering?
If Allah removed every difficulty, there would be no real test of faith, character, or free will.
There would be no opportunity to develop patience, generosity, forgiveness, courage, or compassion.
Without hardship, many of humanity's greatest virtues could never flourish.
Islam teaches that Allah's wisdom encompasses what we know and what we do not know.
Our understanding is limited, but His knowledge is perfect.
Finding Hope Through Faith
Islam does not promise a life free from hardship.
Instead, it teaches that Allah is always near to those who turn to Him.
Allah says:
"Indeed, with hardship comes ease. Indeed, with hardship comes ease." (Qur'an 94:5–6)
This powerful promise reminds believers that no difficulty lasts forever.
Even in the darkest moments, hope remains.
Conclusion
Suffering is one of life's greatest challenges, but it is not evidence that Allah does not exist or that He is unjust.
Islam teaches that this world is temporary, that life is a test, and that every person will ultimately receive perfect justice.
Allah's wisdom is far greater than our own, and His mercy extends beyond what we can always understand.
For the believer, every trial carries the opportunity to grow closer to Allah, develop patience and strength, and prepare for the eternal life to come.
Allah says:
"Indeed, Allah is with those who are patient." (Qur'an 2:153)
Whatever difficulties we face in this life, we trust that our Creator is the Most Wise, the Most Merciful, and the Most Just.
Read Further:
9. Reflecting on God and the Purpose of Life
9. Reflecting on God and the Purpose of Life
From the beginning of history, people have searched for answers to life's greatest questions:
Why am I here?
Who created the universe?
Is there a purpose to life?
Why do good and evil exist?
What happens after death?
These questions have occupied the minds of philosophers, scientists, and ordinary people alike. Islam does not discourage such questions; rather, it invites us to seek their answers through reflection, reason, and divine revelation.
The Qur'an repeatedly calls upon people to observe the world around them, think deeply, and reflect upon the signs of the Creator.
"Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for people of understanding." (Qur'an 3:190)
Islam teaches that sincere reflection upon ourselves and the universe leads us to recognise both the existence of Allah and the purpose for which we were created.
Reflecting on the Universe
Everywhere we look, we find remarkable order and precision.
The stars follow fixed paths.
The seasons arrive in perfect sequence.
The earth is ideally suited to support life.
Living organisms are made up of incredibly complex systems working together with extraordinary precision.
Science helps us understand many of these processes and discover how the universe operates. Islam welcomes such knowledge and encourages the pursuit of learning.
At the same time, Islam invites us to consider a deeper question:
Why does such an orderly universe exist at all?
The consistency, harmony, and fine balance found throughout creation point towards wisdom and purpose rather than mere coincidence.
Allah says:
"Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, are signs for people who use reason." (Qur'an 2:164)
The more we learn about creation, the more opportunities we have to reflect upon the greatness of its Creator.
Reflecting on Ourselves
The Qur'an also directs our attention inward.
Every human being possesses intelligence, conscience, emotions, and an innate desire to seek meaning.
We ask questions about justice, truth, love, purpose, and what happens after death. These are questions that material possessions alone cannot answer.
Allah says:
"And on the earth are signs for those of sure faith, and also within yourselves. Will you not then see?" (Qur'an 51:20–21)
Islam teaches that human beings were created with a natural disposition (fitrah) that inclines them towards recognising and worshipping their Creator.
Although this natural awareness may be influenced by culture, upbringing, or personal experiences, the desire to seek meaning and truth remains a universal part of human nature.
A Life with Purpose
One of the greatest differences between the Islamic worldview and a purely material understanding of life is the question of purpose.
Islam teaches that human existence is neither accidental nor meaningless.
Allah says:
"And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me." (Qur'an 51:56)
In Islam, worship is not limited to prayer alone. It includes every sincere act done to please Allah, such as honesty, kindness, justice, charity, seeking beneficial knowledge, caring for one's family, and serving others.
Living according to Allah's guidance gives life direction, meaning, and lasting purpose.
Reason and Revelation
Islam encourages both reason and revelation.
Human intellect is a great blessing that enables us to observe, investigate, and reflect. However, reason alone cannot answer every question about life's purpose or what lies beyond death.
For this reason, Allah sent prophets and revealed scriptures to guide humanity.
The Qur'an does not ask people to accept its message blindly. Instead, it repeatedly calls upon them to think, question, and reflect.
Allah says:
"Do they not reflect upon themselves? Allah created the heavens and the earth and everything between them for a purpose and an appointed term." (Qur'an 30:8)
Reason helps us recognise the signs of the Creator, while revelation provides the guidance we need to understand our purpose and live according to it.
A Meaningful Moral Life
Every society recognises values such as honesty, justice, compassion, and kindness.
Islam teaches that these moral values are not merely social preferences but part of Allah's guidance for humanity.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The best of people are those who are most beneficial to others." (Hasan; reported by al-Daraqutni)
Living with good character benefits both individuals and society. It strengthens families, builds trust, promotes justice, and creates compassionate communities.
Islam teaches that every good deed, no matter how small, has value in the sight of Allah.
Accountability Gives Life Meaning
Islam teaches that this life is not the end of our journey.
Every person will one day stand before Allah and be judged with complete justice.
Allah says:
"Every soul will taste death. Then to Us you will be returned." (Qur'an 29:57)
Belief in accountability reminds us that our actions matter.
Acts of kindness, honesty, and justice are never wasted, and wrongdoing will not remain unanswered forever.
Ultimate justice belongs to Allah.
An Invitation to Reflect
The Qur'an consistently invites people to think deeply rather than simply follow assumptions or traditions.
It asks us to observe the world around us, reflect upon our own existence, and consider the purpose for which we were created.
Whether someone already believes in God, has doubts, or is simply searching for answers, Islam encourages sincere reflection and an open mind.
The search for truth begins with asking honest questions and being willing to follow the evidence wherever it leads.
Conclusion
Reflecting on the universe, our own existence, and the purpose of life naturally leads us to life's greatest questions.
Islam teaches that the order of creation, the human conscience, and divine revelation all point towards one reality: there is one Creator who created us with wisdom and purpose.
By recognising Allah and following His guidance, life gains meaning, direction, and hope.
The Qur'an invites every person to reflect sincerely upon these signs and to seek the truth with both heart and mind.
"We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth." (Qur'an 41:53)
10. The Purpose of Life in Islam
10. The Purpose of Life in Islam
Every human being eventually asks the same fundamental questions:
Where did I come from?
Why am I here?
What is the purpose of my life?
What happens after I die?
Throughout history, philosophers, scientists, and religious thinkers have sought answers to these questions. Islam provides clear and meaningful answers based on the revelation of the One who created us.
Rather than leaving people to speculate, Allah explains why we were created, how we should live, and what awaits us after this life.
Were We Created Without Purpose?
When we look around us, we see that everything has a purpose.
Our eyes are for seeing.
Our ears are for hearing.
Our hearts sustain our lives.
Every part of our body has a function.
If every part of creation has a purpose, is it reasonable to believe that human life itself has no purpose?
Islam teaches that we were not created by accident, nor were we left to wander aimlessly.
Allah says:
"Did you think that We created you in vain and that to Us you would not be returned?" (Qur'an 23:115)
Human life has meaning, direction, and a purpose determined by the One who created us.
The Signs of a Wise Creator
The universe around us displays remarkable order and harmony.
The earth is perfectly suited to support life.
The sun, moon, and stars move according to precise laws.
Living organisms function through extraordinarily complex systems.
The more we learn about creation, the more reasons we have to reflect upon its Creator.
Allah says:
"Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for people of understanding." (Qur'an 3:190)
Islam teaches that these signs point to Allah, the All-Wise, the All-Powerful, and the Creator of everything that exists.
Why Did Allah Create Us?
Islam gives a clear answer to this question.
Allah says:
"And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me." (Qur'an 51:56)
In Islam, worship is much broader than performing religious rituals.
It includes every sincere act done to please Allah, such as:
Praying to Allah.
Being truthful and trustworthy.
Honouring parents.
Showing kindness to family and neighbours.
Helping those in need.
Giving charity.
Seeking beneficial knowledge.
Acting with justice, mercy, and good character.
A Muslim strives to make every part of life an act of worship by living according to Allah's guidance.
Life Is a Test
Islam teaches that this worldly life is temporary.
It is not our final home but a place where we are tested.
Allah says:
"He who created death and life to test you as to which of you is best in deeds." (Qur'an 67:2)
Every person is tested differently.
Some are tested with wealth, while others experience poverty.
Some enjoy good health, while others face illness.
Some are tested through ease, while others through hardship.
Success is not measured by how easy life is, but by how sincerely we respond—with faith, patience, gratitude, and obedience to Allah.
Allah Did Not Leave Humanity Without Guidance
A wise and merciful Creator would not leave humanity without guidance.
Throughout history, Allah sent prophets to teach people about Him and show them how to live righteous lives.
These prophets included:
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
(Peace be upon them all.)
Although they lived in different times and places, they all brought the same essential message:
Worship Allah alone and follow His guidance.
Allah also revealed scriptures to guide humanity, culminating in the Qur'an—the final revelation sent to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Through the Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah, Muslims believe Allah has preserved complete guidance for all people until the end of time.
What Happens After Death?
Islam teaches that death is not the end of our existence but the beginning of the next stage of life.
Every person will be resurrected and stand before Allah on the Day of Judgement.
Allah says:
"Every soul shall taste death, and you will only be given your full compensation on the Day of Resurrection." (Qur'an 3:185)
On that Day, every person will be judged with complete justice according to their faith, intentions, and deeds.
Those who believed in Allah and sincerely followed His guidance will be rewarded.
Those who knowingly rejected the truth and persisted in wrongdoing will be held accountable.
Belief in the Hereafter reminds us that every action matters and that ultimate justice belongs to Allah.
Finding True Peace
Many people search for happiness through wealth, success, popularity, or material possessions.
While these may bring temporary satisfaction, they cannot fully satisfy the human soul.
True peace comes from knowing our Creator and living according to His guidance.
Allah says:
"Surely, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest." (Qur'an 13:28)
When a person understands why they were created and places their trust in Allah, they find hope, purpose, and inner peace—even during life's greatest challenges.
Living a Life of Purpose
Understanding our purpose changes the way we view life.
Every act of kindness, every honest word, every prayer, every moment of patience, and every good deed becomes meaningful when done for the sake of Allah.
Islam teaches that success is not measured solely by worldly achievements but by faith, sincerity, and righteous actions.
Living with this purpose gives direction to our lives and prepares us for the eternal life to come.
An Invitation to Every Person
The message of Islam is universal.
It is not limited to a particular race, nationality, language, or culture.
No matter a person's background or past mistakes, the door to Allah's mercy remains open.
Anyone can begin their journey towards Allah by sincerely seeking the truth, turning to Him in repentance, and striving to follow His guidance.
Allah says:
"Say, 'O My servants who have transgressed against themselves, do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful." (Qur'an 39:53)
Conclusion
Islam teaches that we were not created by accident, nor were we left without guidance.
Allah created us with wisdom and purpose: to know Him, worship Him alone, and live according to His guidance.
This life is a temporary test, and every day provides an opportunity to grow in faith, perform good deeds, and prepare for the Hereafter.
By recognising Allah, understanding our purpose, and living according to His guidance, we can find true peace, lasting fulfilment, and success in this life and the next.
"Whoever does righteousness, whether male or female, while being a believer—We will surely grant them a good life, and We will surely reward them according to the best of what they used to do." (Qur'an 16:97)
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11. What Does the Qur'an Teach?
11. What Does the Qur'an Teach?
The Qur'an is the holy book of Islam and the final revelation sent by Allah (God) to humanity through Prophet Muhammad ﷺ more than 1,400 years ago. Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the literal word of Allah, revealed to guide humanity and preserved in its original form.
The Qur'an is not merely a book of rituals or religious teachings. It addresses the most important questions of human existence:
Who created us?
Why are we here?
How should we live?
What happens after death?
It also provides guidance on faith, morality, family life, justice, compassion, and our relationship with both the Creator and His creation.
Allah says:
"Indeed, this Qur'an guides to that which is most upright and gives good news to the believers who do righteous deeds that they will have a great reward." (Qur'an 17:9)
The Qur'an Teaches the Oneness of God
The central message of the Qur'an is that there is only one God, Allah, who alone deserves worship.
Allah says:
"And your God is One God. There is no deity worthy of worship except Him, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful." (Qur'an 2:163)
The Qur'an repeatedly calls people to recognise their Creator, worship Him alone, and avoid associating partners with Him.
This was the message of all the prophets, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad. (peace be upon them all).
The Qur'an Teaches the Purpose of Life
The Qur'an explains that human beings were not created by chance or without purpose.
Allah says:
"And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me." (Qur'an 51:56)
In Islam, worship is not limited to prayer. It includes every sincere act done to please Allah, such as honesty, charity, kindness, helping others, seeking knowledge, and living according to His guidance.
The Qur'an teaches that true success comes from recognising our Creator and fulfilling the purpose for which we were created.
The Qur'an Teaches Good Character
One of the major themes of the Qur'an is moral excellence.
It encourages people to be:
Honest
Just
Merciful
Patient
Generous
Humble
Forgiving
Allah says:
"Indeed, Allah commands justice, excellence, and giving to relatives and forbids immorality, wrongdoing, and oppression." (Qur'an 16:90)
These timeless values strengthen individuals, families, and communities and benefit all of society.
The Qur'an Teaches Compassion and Mercy
Mercy is one of the most frequently mentioned themes throughout the Qur'an.
Almost every chapter begins with the words:
"In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful."
The Qur'an teaches compassion towards:
Parents
Children
Relatives
Neighbours
The poor
Orphans
Travellers
Animals
Allah says:
"And do good to parents, relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbour and the distant neighbour." (Qur'an 4:36)
A believer is encouraged to show mercy, kindness, and respect to all of Allah's creation.
The Qur'an Teaches Justice
Justice is one of the foundations of Islamic teaching.
The Qur'an commands justice even when it is difficult or conflicts with personal interests.
Allah says:
"O you who believe! Stand firmly for justice as witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves, your parents, or your relatives." (Qur'an 4:135)
The Qur'an condemns oppression, corruption, dishonesty, exploitation, and the abuse of power, while encouraging fairness and integrity in every aspect of life.
The Qur'an Teaches Responsibility and Accountability
The Qur'an teaches that every individual is responsible for their own actions.
No person will bear the sins of another, and everyone will stand before Allah to answer for the choices they made.
Allah says:
"Whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." (Qur'an 99:7–8)
This belief encourages honesty, personal responsibility, and conscious moral choices throughout life.
The Qur'an Teaches About the Hereafter
A major theme of the Qur'an is life after death.
It teaches that this worldly life is temporary and that every person will eventually return to Allah.
Allah says:
"Every soul shall taste death." (Qur'an 3:185)
On the Day of Judgement, every person will be held accountable for their faith and deeds.
Those who believed and lived righteously will be rewarded with Paradise, while those who knowingly rejected the truth and persisted in wrongdoing will face Allah's perfect justice.
Belief in the Hereafter gives meaning to our choices and reminds us that ultimate justice belongs to Allah.
The Qur'an Teaches Reflection and the Pursuit of Knowledge
The Qur'an repeatedly encourages people to think, observe, and seek knowledge.
Allah says:
"Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for those of understanding." (Qur'an 3:190)
Rather than discouraging inquiry, the Qur'an invites people to reflect upon creation, use their intellect, and recognise the signs of Allah.
This emphasis on learning inspired generations of Muslim scholars who made important contributions to medicine, mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, architecture, and many other fields.
The Qur'an Teaches Through the Stories of the Prophets
The Qur'an recounts the lives of many prophets, including:
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Joseph
Moses
David
Solomon
Jesus
Muhammad
(Peace be upon them all.)
These are not simply historical accounts.
They contain timeless lessons about faith, patience, gratitude, perseverance, justice, repentance, and trust in Allah.
Allah says:
"Indeed, in their stories there is a lesson for people of understanding." (Qur'an 12:111)
The Qur'an Teaches Equality and Human Dignity
The Qur'an teaches that all human beings are descendants of Adam and Eve.
No one is superior because of race, nationality, language, wealth, or social status.
Allah says:
"Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you." (Qur'an 49:13)
The Qur'an upholds the dignity of every human being and encourages mutual respect, justice, and compassion.
The Qur'an Is a Guide for Humanity
The Qur'an describes itself as guidance for mankind.
Allah says:
"This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those who are mindful of Allah." (Qur'an 2:2)
It provides guidance for every aspect of life, helping people build a strong relationship with their Creator while living with honesty, responsibility, and compassion towards others.
For Muslims, the Qur'an is not only a book to be read, but a guide to be understood and lived.
An Invitation to Read the Qur'an
One of the remarkable features of the Qur'an is that it repeatedly invites people to read, reflect, and think for themselves.
Whether you are a Muslim, belong to another faith, or are simply exploring life's biggest questions, the Qur'an invites you to approach it with an open heart and an open mind.
Millions of people throughout history have found guidance, comfort, and purpose through its message.
Conclusion
The Qur'an teaches the worship of one God, the purpose of life, good character, justice, mercy, responsibility, and preparation for the Hereafter.
It calls people to reflect, seek knowledge, uphold truth and justice, and live according to divine guidance.
For more than fourteen centuries, the Qur'an has inspired millions of people across the world and continues to transform lives through its timeless message.
Muslims believe that the Qur'an is Allah's final revelation to humanity—a book that invites every person to know their Creator, live righteously, and prepare for the eternal life to come.
Read Further:
12. The Qur'an: Preservation and Authenticity
12. The Qur'an: Preservation and Authenticity
The Qur'an is the holy book of Islam, revealed by Allah (God) to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ through the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel) over a period of twenty-three years. Muslims believe that it is the literal word of Allah, preserved exactly as it was revealed more than fourteen centuries ago.
Throughout history, many religious scriptures have undergone revisions, translations, or textual changes. The Qur'an occupies a unique place among the world's religious scriptures because it has been preserved through both written manuscripts and continuous memorisation from the time of its revelation until today.
A common question asked by both Muslims and non-Muslims is:
How do we know that the Qur'an we have today is the same Qur'an that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
The preservation and authenticity of the Qur'an is one of the strongest historical evidences supporting its claim to be the final revelation from Allah for all humanity.
Allah Promised to Preserve the Qur'an
Unlike previous scriptures, the Qur'an contains a direct promise from Allah regarding its preservation.
Allah says:
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder, and indeed, We will surely preserve it." (Qur'an 15:9)
Muslims believe that this divine promise has been fulfilled throughout history through memorisation, written manuscripts, and careful transmission from generation to generation.
The Qur'an Was Preserved During the Lifetime of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
The Qur'an was not compiled centuries after the Prophet's death.
Whenever verses were revealed, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ would:
Recite them to his Companions.
Instruct trusted scribes to write them down.
Teach their exact placement within each chapter.
Review and verify what had been written.
Many of his Companions memorised the Qur'an in its entirety during his lifetime.
Among them were:
Abu Bakr
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Uthman ibn Affan
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Abdullah ibn Mas'ud
Ubayy ibn Ka'b
Zayd ibn Thabit
(May Allah be pleased with them all.)
Every Ramadan, the Angel Jibreel reviewed the revealed portions of the Qur'an with the Prophet ﷺ. During the final year of his life, this review took place twice, confirming the complete revelation.
From the very beginning, the Qur'an was preserved through both writing and memorisation.
The Tradition of Memorisation
One of the unique features of the Qur'an is that it has been memorised continuously throughout history.
Today, millions of Muslims—including children—have memorised the entire Qur'an in its original Arabic language. A person who memorises the entire Qur'an is known as a Hafiz.
This unbroken chain of memorisation stretches back generation after generation to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ himself.
Even if every printed copy of the Qur'an disappeared today, it could be reproduced accurately from memory by those who have memorised it around the world.
This remarkable tradition of memorisation has no parallel in the preservation of any other religious scripture.
The Compilation of the Qur'an
After the passing of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, many Companions who had memorised the Qur'an were martyred in battle.
Concerned that portions of the Qur'an might eventually be lost with the passing of its memorizers, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), the first Caliph, commissioned an official written compilation.
The task was entrusted to Zayd ibn Thabit, one of the Prophet's chief scribes.
Every verse was carefully verified using:
Written records made during the Prophet's lifetime.
Memorisation by numerous Companions.
Multiple reliable witnesses.
The completed manuscript was preserved and later used during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) to produce standard copies for the growing Muslim world.
Did Caliph Uthman Change the Qur'an?
One of the most common misconceptions is that Caliph Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) produced a new version of the Qur'an or altered its contents.
This is incorrect.
The Qur'an had already been completely written down and memorised during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. The manuscript compiled under Abu Bakr was based on the original written records and the memorisation of the Companions.
As Islam spread to different regions, Muslims from various Arab tribes recited the Qur'an in their recognised dialects, sometimes leading to confusion among new Muslims. To preserve unity, Uthman ordered several official copies to be made directly from the manuscript compiled during Abu Bakr's caliphate and distributed throughout the Muslim world.
He also instructed that unofficial personal copies and private notes—which were often incomplete or contained personal annotations—be withdrawn to prevent confusion.
He did not alter the Qur'an. Rather, he standardised the written copies so that Muslims everywhere would continue to recite one authentic text.
This standardisation preserved one Qur'an for all Muslims, which continues to be recited throughout the world today.
Early Qur'anic Manuscripts
Modern discoveries provide further historical evidence for the preservation of the Qur'an.
Among the earliest surviving manuscripts are:
The Birmingham Qur'an Manuscript
The Topkapi Manuscript
The Samarkand Manuscript
While these manuscripts vary in age and history, they closely correspond with the Qur'anic text recited by Muslims today.
Together with the continuous tradition of memorisation and public recitation, they provide strong historical evidence that the Qur'an has been transmitted with remarkable accuracy from the earliest generations of Islam.
A Book Preserved in Its Original Language
Unlike many ancient religious texts that survive mainly through translations or reconstructed manuscripts, the Qur'an remains preserved in the exact Arabic language in which it was revealed.
Muslims throughout the world recite the same Arabic Qur'an regardless of their nationality or native language.
Whether a Muslim lives in:
Saudi Arabia
Nigeria
Pakistan
Indonesia
Turkey
The United Kingdom
the Qur'an they recite is identical.
Translations are available in hundreds of languages to help readers understand the meanings of the Qur'an, but Muslims believe that the original Arabic text alone is the revealed word of Allah.
The Qur'an's Consistency
The Qur'an was revealed gradually over twenty-three years, addressing theology, morality, law, history, spirituality, and human conduct.
Despite being revealed over such a long period and in different circumstances, it presents one consistent message without contradiction.
Allah says:
"Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? Had it been from anyone other than Allah, they would have found within it many contradictions." (Qur'an 4:82)
Muslims believe this remarkable consistency is one of the signs of its divine origin.
The Qur'an's Unique Challenge
The Qur'an presents a unique challenge to those who doubt its divine origin.
Allah says:
"And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down upon Our servant, then produce a chapter like it and call upon your witnesses other than Allah, if you should be truthful." (Qur'an 2:23)
Muslims believe that the Qur'an's unmatched literary style, depth of meaning, consistency, wisdom, and transformative impact distinguish it from every other book.
For more than fourteen centuries, this challenge has remained a central part of the Qur'an's message.
Could Prophet Muhammad ﷺ Have Authored the Qur'an?
Some people ask whether Prophet Muhammad ﷺ wrote the Qur'an himself.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was widely known among his people as being unlettered (ummi), meaning he had not studied reading and writing in the manner of scholars of his time. Yet over twenty-three years he conveyed a book of extraordinary linguistic excellence, profound theological teaching, legal principles, historical narratives, and enduring moral guidance.
Its message remained consistent despite being revealed gradually over two decades.
Muslims therefore conclude that the most reasonable explanation is that the Qur'an is not the work of any human being but the revealed word of Allah.
Why Authenticity Matters
If the Qur'an has truly been preserved exactly as it was revealed, then its message deserves serious consideration.
Authenticity matters because before asking whether a book is true, we must first know whether it has reached us accurately.
The Qur'an addresses life's greatest questions, including:
Why are we here?
Does God exist?
What is the purpose of life?
What is right and wrong?
What happens after death?
Muslims believe that the Qur'an provides clear and reliable guidance because it comes from the Creator Himself.
Historical Evidence for Preservation
Muslim and non-Muslim researchers alike recognise that the Qur'an has been transmitted with an exceptional degree of textual stability when compared with many other ancient works.
Early written manuscripts, continuous public recitation, widespread memorisation, and careful transmission across generations together provide strong historical evidence that today's Qur'an faithfully represents the text recited by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ over fourteen centuries ago.
While this historical evidence alone does not prove the Qur'an is from Allah, it strongly supports the conclusion that the Qur'an available today is the same text that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Why Should You Read the Qur'an?
The Qur'an is far more than a historical document. It is a living guide that addresses the deepest questions of human existence and offers guidance for every aspect of life.
Allah says:
"This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those who are mindful of Allah." (Qur'an 2:2)
Muslims believe that the Qur'an is not simply a book to be studied, but a message to be understood, reflected upon, and lived.
Whether you are a Muslim seeking to strengthen your faith or someone exploring Islam for the first time, reading the Qur'an with an open mind and sincere heart can be the beginning of a life-changing journey.
Conclusion
The Qur'an occupies a unique position among the world's religious scriptures. From the time of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ until today, it has been preserved through memorisation, written manuscripts, public recitation, and careful transmission.
Muslims believe that this remarkable preservation fulfils Allah's promise:
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder, and indeed, We will surely preserve it." (Qur'an 15:9)
For more than fourteen centuries, millions of people from every culture and background have recited, memorised, studied, and lived according to the Qur'an. Its preservation, consistency, and enduring guidance continue to support its claim to be the final revelation from Allah to humanity.
We encourage every sincere seeker to read the Qur'an with an open mind and a sincere heart. Ask questions, reflect upon its message, and judge it fairly.
If you would like to read the Holy Qur'an for yourself, please visit our Resources page, where you can read online or download a free English translation of the Qur'an.
We pray that Allah guides every sincere seeker to the truth and grants us all wisdom, understanding, and guidance.
Read Further:
13. Why Muslims Believe the Qur'an Is the Word of God
13. Why Muslims Believe the Qur'an Is the Word of God
The Qur'an is the central religious text of Islam. Muslims believe that it is not the work of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ or any human being, but the literal word of Allah, revealed to humanity through the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel).
For more than 1,400 years, people have asked the same question:
How can we know that the Qur'an is truly from God?
Islam does not ask people to accept this claim blindly. Instead, the Qur'an repeatedly invites people to think, reflect, examine its message, and consider its evidence with honesty and reason.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ Could Not Have Authored It
Before receiving revelation, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was widely known among his people as Al-Amin (the Trustworthy) because of his honesty and integrity. He was also unlettered—he neither read nor wrote.
Allah says:
"You did not recite any scripture before it, nor did you write one with your right hand. Otherwise, those who deny the truth would have had reason for doubt." (Qur'an 29:48)
Despite having no formal education, he conveyed a book of extraordinary literary excellence, profound wisdom, accurate historical narratives, powerful moral teachings, and enduring guidance that transformed individuals and entire societies.
For Muslims, this is one of the clearest indications that the Qur'an could not have originated from Prophet Muhammad ﷺ himself, but was revealed to him by Allah.
The Qur'an Challenges Humanity
Unlike any other religious scripture, the Qur'an openly challenges those who doubt its divine origin.
Allah says:
"And if you are in doubt about what We have revealed to Our servant, then produce a chapter like it, and call upon your witnesses besides Allah, if you are truthful." (Qur'an 2:23)
The shortest chapter of the Qur'an contains only three verses, yet despite this challenge remaining open for over fourteen centuries, no one has produced anything recognised by Arabic language experts as matching the Qur'an's unique combination of eloquence, structure, depth, and transformative impact.
For Muslims, this is one of the many evidences of its divine origin.
Its Message Is Consistent
The Qur'an was revealed gradually over a period of twenty-three years in response to different situations and circumstances.
It addresses subjects including:
Belief in Allah
Worship
Morality
Law
History
Human nature
Family life
The Hereafter
Despite being revealed over such a long period, its message remains clear, consistent, and free from contradiction.
Allah says:
"Do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? Had it been from anyone other than Allah, they would have found within it many contradictions." (Qur'an 4:82)
Rather than presenting conflicting teachings, the Qur'an consistently calls humanity to worship Allah alone and to live according to His guidance.
It Speaks to the Human Heart
The Qur'an is not simply a book of laws or historical accounts.
It addresses the deepest questions every human being eventually asks:
Why am I here?
Who created me?
What is the purpose of life?
Why do suffering and injustice exist?
What happens after death?
Its answers continue to resonate with people from every culture, language, and background.
Millions of people throughout history have embraced Islam after reading the Qur'an with sincerity and reflecting upon its message.
It Encourages Reflection on Creation
The Qur'an repeatedly invites people to observe the world around them and reflect upon the signs of the Creator.
Allah says:
"We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that this is the truth." (Qur'an 41:53)
It encourages people to observe the heavens, the earth, the creation of human beings, and the order found throughout the universe.
Rather than promoting superstition or blind belief, the Qur'an consistently encourages reflection, observation, and the pursuit of knowledge.
While the Qur'an is not a science textbook, Muslims believe that its encouragement to study and reflect upon creation points people towards recognising the wisdom and power of the Creator.
Its Guidance Changes Lives
Perhaps one of the greatest evidences of the Qur'an is its impact on individuals and societies.
Throughout history, it has transformed:
Idol worshippers into worshippers of One God.
Divided tribes into united communities.
The dishonest into people of integrity.
Societies marked by injustice into communities striving for justice and compassion.
Today, millions of people continue to find purpose, peace, and guidance through its teachings.
Allah says:
"Indeed, this Qur'an guides to that which is most upright." (Qur'an 17:9)
It Has Been Perfectly Preserved
A message claiming to come from God must remain unchanged.
Unlike many ancient religious texts, the Qur'an has been preserved in its original Arabic language through both written manuscripts and continuous memorisation.
Allah promised:
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder, and indeed, We will surely preserve it." (Qur'an 15:9)
Today, Muslims across the world recite the same Qur'an that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ over fourteen centuries ago.
Its preservation gives confidence that the message available today is the very message originally revealed.
The Qur'an Invites Reflection, Not Blind Faith
One of the remarkable features of the Qur'an is that it repeatedly calls people to think and reflect.
Allah says:
"Will they not then reflect upon the Qur'an?" (Qur'an 47:24)
Islam does not discourage sincere questions.
Instead, it encourages every person to examine the evidence, reflect upon creation, and seek the truth with sincerity.
Faith in Islam is built upon knowledge, reason, and reflection—not blind imitation.
A Timeless Message for Every Generation
Although the Qur'an was revealed over 1,400 years ago, Muslims believe its guidance remains relevant today.
It addresses matters that affect every generation, including faith, family, justice, honesty, compassion, responsibility, and the purpose of life.
Its message has inspired people from every nation, culture, and background, and continues to guide millions around the world.
Conclusion
Muslims believe the Qur'an is the word of Allah because of its unique qualities:
Its unmatched language and literary excellence.
Its consistent and timeless message.
Its profound guidance for humanity.
Its accurate preservation throughout history.
Its lasting impact on individuals and societies.
Its invitation to reason, reflect, and seek the truth.
The Qur'an does not ask people to believe without evidence. Rather, it invites every reader to approach it with an open mind, an honest heart, and a sincere desire to discover the truth.
Allah says:
"This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those who are mindful of Allah." (Qur'an 2:2)
Whether you are a Muslim seeking to strengthen your faith or someone exploring Islam for the first time, we encourage you to read the Qur'an for yourself and reflect upon its message. Many people throughout history have found that its words speak not only to the mind, but also to the heart.
14. Why Read the Qur'an?
14. Why Read the Qur'an?
For over 1,400 years, the Qur'an has inspired billions of people across the world. It is the most widely read, memorised, and recited book in history. Yet many people have never taken the opportunity to read it for themselves.
Whether you are a Muslim seeking to strengthen your faith or someone exploring Islam for the first time, reading the Qur'an is one of the most rewarding journeys you can take.
The Qur'an is not simply a book to be read—it is a message from the Creator to humanity, inviting every person to know their Lord, discover their purpose, and prepare for the life to come.
A Message for All Humanity
The Qur'an was not revealed for one nation, race, or generation. It is a universal message from Allah for all people.
Allah says:
"This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those who are mindful of Allah." (Qur'an 2:2)
It addresses the questions that every human being eventually asks:
Why am I here?
Who created me?
What is the purpose of life?
Why do suffering and injustice exist?
What happens after death?
How can I find true peace?
The Qur'an provides answers that are clear, meaningful, and relevant in every age.
A Book That Encourages Reflection
Unlike many books, the Qur'an does not ask its readers to accept its message blindly.
Instead, it repeatedly encourages people to think, reflect, and use their intellect.
Allah says:
"Do they not then reflect upon the Qur'an?" (Qur'an 47:24)
The Qur'an invites readers to observe the universe, reflect upon their own lives, and consider the countless signs of Allah found throughout creation.
It encourages sincere questioning and thoughtful reflection, guiding people towards faith through understanding rather than blind imitation.
Guidance for Everyday Life
The Qur'an is not simply a book to be admired—it is a guide for living.
Its teachings help individuals develop good character while strengthening families and communities.
Among the values it teaches are:
Belief in One God.
Honesty and integrity.
Justice and fairness.
Mercy and compassion.
Patience during hardship.
Gratitude for blessings.
Respect for parents and family.
Kindness towards neighbours.
Care for the poor, orphans, and those in need.
Personal responsibility and accountability.
Its guidance remains as relevant today as it was when it was first revealed.
A Source of Peace and Hope
Life brings many challenges, including anxiety, loss, uncertainty, and hardship.
The Qur'an reminds us that true peace is found through remembering and trusting Allah.
Allah says:
"Surely, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest." (Qur'an 13:28)
Millions of Muslims around the world find comfort, hope, and strength in the words of the Qur'an every day.
Its message reminds us that every difficulty has meaning, every good deed has value, and Allah's mercy is greater than our shortcomings.
A Book That Changes Lives
Throughout history, the Qur'an has transformed the lives of individuals and entire communities.
It has guided people from every culture, language, and background towards faith, purpose, and good character.
Many people who embraced Islam began simply by reading the Qur'an with sincerity and reflecting upon its message.
For countless readers, it has become a source of guidance, hope, and direction that continues to shape their lives.
Read with an Open Mind
The Qur'an encourages sincere seekers to approach it with humility, honesty, and an open heart.
You do not need to know everything before you begin.
Simply read with a sincere desire to understand what the Qur'an is saying.
Ask questions.
Reflect upon its message.
Consider its evidence.
Many people who once knew little about Islam found answers they had been searching for after reading the Qur'an for themselves.
Begin Your Journey
The Qur'an is far more than a historical book—it is a living guide from the Creator to humanity.
Whether you read a few verses each day or begin from the first chapter, every page offers an opportunity to deepen your understanding of Allah, the purpose of life, and your relationship with your Creator.
If you are reading a translation, remember that it conveys the meaning of the Qur'an, while the original revelation remains in Arabic. Reading a reliable translation alongside authentic explanations can help you appreciate its message more fully.
An Invitation to Every Seeker
The Qur'an repeatedly invites people to seek the truth sincerely and to reflect upon its message.
It does not compel belief; rather, it encourages thoughtful consideration and honest reflection.
Whether you are a Muslim wishing to strengthen your faith or someone exploring Islam for the first time, the Qur'an welcomes every sincere reader.
Conclusion
The Qur'an invites every person to seek the truth with sincerity, reflect upon its message, and consider its guidance.
It is a book of faith, wisdom, mercy, and hope that continues to transform lives across the world.
Allah says:
"And We have certainly made the Qur'an easy for remembrance, so is there anyone who will take heed?" (Qur'an 54:17)
If you have never read the Qur'an before, there is no better time to begin. Open it with an open heart and an open mind, and allow its message to speak for itself.
Read the Qur'an for Yourself
If you would like to explore the Qur'an, we invite you to visit our Resources page, where you can read or download a free English translation of the Holy Qur'an.
Prefer a physical copy? If you are a non-Muslim or a revert, we would be honored to send you a complimentary copy of the Qur'an translation free of charge. Simply contact us with your details to request yours.
We pray that Allah guides every sincere seeker to the truth and opens our hearts to His guidance. Ameen.
THE MESSENGER AND REVELATION❤️
THE MESSENGER AND REVELATION❤️
15. One Message, Many Prophets
15. One Message, Many Prophets
Throughout history, Allah has never left humanity without guidance. From the very first human being, Adam (peace be upon him), to the final Prophet, Muhammad ﷺ, Allah sent prophets and messengers to every nation with one clear and consistent message: to worship Allah alone and to live according to His guidance.
Although these prophets were sent at different times, to different peoples, and under different circumstances, the core of their message never changed. They all called people to believe in the One True God, to live righteous lives, and to prepare for the Day of Judgement.
Allah says:
"And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, saying, 'Worship Allah and avoid false gods." (Qur'an 16:36)
This shows that Muslims do not believe Islam began with Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Rather, they believe it is the continuation and completion of the same message that Allah revealed to all His prophets throughout history.
Why Did Allah Send So Many Prophets?
Human beings have always needed guidance. Over time, people forgot, ignored, or altered the teachings that had been revealed to them. Out of His infinite mercy and wisdom, Allah continued sending prophets to remind people of the truth and to call them back to the worship of their Creator.
Each prophet spoke the language of his own people and addressed the challenges faced by his nation, while teaching the same essential principles:
Worship Allah alone.
Do not associate partners with Him.
Live with honesty, justice, mercy, and righteousness.
Prepare for the life to come.
Allah says:
"We sent not a messenger except with the language of his people so that he might make the message clear to them." (Qur'an 14:4)
In this way, every nation received guidance that was clear, relevant, and understandable.
The Prophets Mentioned in the Qur'an
The Qur'an mentions twenty-five prophets by name, including:
Adam
Idris (Enoch)
Nuh (Noah)
Hud
Salih
Ibrahim (Abraham)
Lut (Lot)
Isma'il (Ishmael)
Ishaq (Isaac)
Ya'qub (Jacob)
Yusuf (Joseph)
Shu'ayb
Ayyub (Job)
Dhul-Kifl
Musa (Moses)
Harun (Aaron)
Dawud (David)
Sulayman (Solomon)
Ilyas (Elijah)
Al-Yasa' (Elisha)
Yunus (Jonah)
Zakariyya (Zechariah)
Yahya (John the Baptist)
Isa (Jesus)
Muhammad ﷺ
Muslims believe in all the prophets sent by Allah. They do not accept some while rejecting others, because all were sent by the same Creator with the fundamental message of worshipping Him alone.
Allah says:
“Say, ‘We believe in Allah and what has been revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the descendants, and what was given to Moses and Jesus and what was given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and we are Muslims in submission to Him.’” (Qur'an 2:136)
Among these are some of the best-known prophets:
Adam – The first human being and the first prophet.
Nuh (Noah) – Called his people to worship Allah alone and built the Ark by Allah's command.
Ibrahim (Abraham) – A great example of faith and pure monotheism, honoured as the father of many prophets.
Musa (Moses) – Received the Torah and led the Children of Israel.
Dawud (David) – A righteous king and prophet who received the Psalms (Zabur).
Sulayman (Solomon) – A prophet and king blessed with great wisdom and authority.
Isa (Jesus) – Born miraculously to the Virgin Mary, performed miracles by Allah's permission, and will return before the Day of Judgement.
Muhammad ﷺ – The final prophet, sent as a mercy to all humanity with the final revelation, the Qur'an.
Muslims therefore honour every prophet sent by Allah without rejecting or favouring some while denying others.
Allah says:
“The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and so have the believers. All of them believe in Allah, His angels, His Books and His messengers, saying, ‘We make no distinction between any of His messengers.’” (Qur'an 2:285)
One Message Throughout History
Although different prophets were given different laws suited to the needs of their communities, the essence of their message remained unchanged.
Every prophet called people to:
Believe in one God.
Worship Him alone.
Obey His guidance.
Live righteous and moral lives.
Prepare for the Hereafter.
The word Islam means submission to the will of Allah. In this sense, every prophet invited people to submit themselves to their Creator.
Allah says:
"Indeed, the religion before Allah is Islam." (Qur'an 3:19)
From Adam to Muhammad ﷺ, the message was one of sincere devotion to Allah alone.
Jesus and Muhammad ﷺ
Jesus (ʿĪsā, peace be upon him) holds a special place in Islam and is one of the greatest prophets sent by Allah.
Muslims believe that he was born miraculously to the Virgin Mary, performed many miracles by Allah's permission, and called people to worship Allah alone. They also believe that he was the promised Messiah and that he will return before the Day of Judgement.
Muslims love, honour and follow the teachings of Jesus, but they do not worship him. They believe he was a human messenger chosen by Allah—not God Himself or the son of God.
The Qur'an makes clear that Jesus himself called his people to worship Allah alone:
“The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, said, ‘O Children of Israel! Worship Allah—my Lord and your Lord.’ Surely whoever associates others with Allah in worship, Allah has forbidden Paradise for them, and their home will be the Fire.” (Qur'an 5:72)
Jesus' miraculous birth does not make him divine. Allah gives the example of Adam, who was created without either a father or a mother:
“Indeed, the example of Jesus in the sight of Allah is like that of Adam. He created him from dust, then said to him, ‘Be!’ And he was!” (Qur'an 3:59)
Jesus also gave glad tidings of a messenger who would come after him:
“And remember Jesus, son of Mary, said, ‘O Children of Israel! I am truly Allah's messenger to you, confirming the Torah revealed before me and giving good news of a messenger to come after me, whose name will be Ahmad.’” (Qur'an 61:6)
Approximately six centuries after Jesus, Allah sent Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as the final Messenger to humanity. Muslims believe that Muhammad ﷺ confirmed the truth brought by the prophets before him and completed Allah's guidance with the final revelation, the Qur'an.
Allah says:
“Muhammad is not the father of any one of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets.” (Qur'an 33:40)
The Final Revelation
With the coming of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Allah revealed the final scripture: the Qur'an.
Muslims believe that, unlike previous scriptures—which were altered, lost, or no longer preserved in their original form—the Qur'an has been protected by Allah and remains exactly as it was revealed more than fourteen centuries ago.
It is the final and universal guidance for all people until the Day of Judgement.
Allah says:
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder, and indeed, We will surely preserve it." (Qur'an 15:9)
Why This Matters
Understanding that Allah sent many prophets helps explain why Islam honours many of the same figures respected in Judaism and Christianity. Muslims believe that all of these prophets were sent by the same God, calling people to the same essential message: to worship Him alone and follow His guidance.
Rather than establishing a new religion, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ completed the same message that Allah had been sending to humanity from the very beginning.
This shared heritage helps us appreciate that the prophets were united in purpose, even though they lived in different places and times.
Conclusion
For this reason, Muslims believe in and honour every prophet sent by Allah, recognising them as one noble chain of messengers who called humanity to worship the One True God.
With the revelation of the Qur'an and the mission of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Allah completed His guidance for mankind through His final revelation. The message of pure monotheism has been preserved for all people until the end of time.
As Allah says:
"He has ordained for you the same religion which He enjoined upon Noah, and that which We have revealed to you, and that which We enjoined upon Abraham, Moses and Jesus: establish the religion and do not be divided therein." (Qur'an 42:13)
16. Jesus (Isa) in Islam: The Islamic View
16. Jesus (Isa) in Islam: The Islamic View
Introduction
Jesus (known as Isa in Arabic, peace be upon him) holds a unique and honoured position in Islam. Muslims love, honour, and believe in Jesus as one of the greatest prophets sent by Allah. In fact, belief in Jesus is an essential part of the Islamic faith—no one can truly be a Muslim without believing in him.
However, Islam differs from mainstream Christianity regarding the nature of Jesus. While most Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God or part of the Trinity, Muslims believe that he was a mighty Prophet and Messenger of Allah, sent to guide the Children of Israel to the worship of the One True God.
Although Muslims and Christians differ on important theological matters, they share a deep respect for Jesus and his miraculous birth. Understanding the Islamic perspective helps build greater understanding between the two faiths while clarifying what Muslims truly believe about one of history's most influential figures.
This article explains the Islamic understanding of Jesus based on the Qur'an and the authentic teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Maryam (Mary): The Chosen Woman
Before speaking about Jesus, it is important to mention his blessed mother, Maryam (Mary), peace be upon her.
Mary holds a unique and honoured position in Islam. She is mentioned by name more often in the Qur'an than in the New Testament and is praised for her faith, purity, devotion, and complete trust in Allah.
The Qur'an relates how the angels gave her this glad tiding:
"And ˹remember˺ when the angels said, 'O Mary! Surely Allah has chosen you, purified you, and chosen you above the women of all nations." (Qur'an 3:42)
Mary devoted her life to the worship of Allah and became an example of humility, righteousness, patience, and reliance upon her Creator.
Remarkably, the Qur'an contains an entire chapter named after her—Surah Maryam (Chapter 19). No other woman is honoured in this way, reflecting the special status Islam gives to the mother of Jesus.
The Miraculous Birth of Jesus
Muslims believe that Jesus was born miraculously without a human father. His birth was one of the greatest signs of Allah's power and one of the most remarkable miracles in human history.
The Qur'an compares the creation of Jesus to that of Adam:
"Indeed, the example of Jesus before Allah is like that of Adam. He created him from dust; then He said to him, 'Be,' and he was." (Qur'an 3:59)
Just as Allah created Adam without a father or mother, He created Jesus without a father. Neither miraculous creation makes either of them divine. Rather, both demonstrate the limitless power of the Creator, who creates however He wills.
For Muslims, the miraculous birth of Jesus is not evidence that he is the Son of God. Instead, it is one of the many signs of Allah's greatness and His absolute power over creation.
Jesus Was a Prophet and Messenger
The Qur'an consistently describes Jesus as a servant and messenger of Allah—not as God or the son of God.
Remarkably, shortly after his miraculous birth, the Qur'an records Jesus speaking while still an infant. Defending his mother's honour, he declared:
"Indeed, I am the servant of Allah. He has given me the Scripture and made me a prophet." (Qur'an 19:30)
Muslims believe that Jesus was sent specifically to guide the Children of Israel and call them back to the worship of Allah alone.
The Qur'an also records Jesus proclaiming:
"Indeed, Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is the Straight Path." (Qur'an 3:51)
This was not a new message. It was the very same call delivered by every prophet before him—including Noah, Abraham, and Moses—and later by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ: to worship the One True God alone and live according to His guidance.
The Miracles of Jesus
Allah honoured Jesus with many extraordinary miracles as clear signs of his prophethood. These miracles were not performed through his own independent power but solely by Allah's permission, demonstrating the greatness of the One who sent him.
By Allah's permission, Jesus:
Spoke while still in the cradle, defending his mother's honour.
Healed those who were born blind.
Cured people suffering from leprosy.
Brought the dead back to life.
Fashioned the form of a bird from clay, which became a living bird by Allah's permission.
Describing some of these miracles, the Qur'an records Jesus saying:
"...I heal the blind and the leper, and I give life to the dead—by Allah's permission." (Qur'an 3:49)
These miracles confirmed that Jesus was truly a prophet sent by Allah.
However, Muslims believe that every miracle occurred solely by Allah's permission and power. They were signs pointing people towards the greatness of God—not evidence that Jesus himself was divine.
Far from diminishing Jesus, Islam honours him as one of the greatest messengers ever sent by Allah. His miracles highlight not his own divinity, but the limitless power of the Creator who granted them.
Was Jesus God?
One of the greatest differences between Islam and mainstream Christianity concerns the nature of Jesus.
Islam teaches that Allah is One—unique, eternal, and without partners. He alone deserves worship. Muslims therefore believe that Jesus was a human being, created by Allah, and one of the greatest prophets ever sent to humanity—but never God Himself.
The Qur'an clearly rejects the belief that Jesus is God or that God became a human being. It states:
"They have certainly disbelieved who say, 'Allah is the Messiah, the son of Mary." (Qur'an 5:72)
From the Islamic perspective, Jesus' greatness lies not in being divine, but in being one of Allah's greatest and most beloved messengers.
Interestingly, the Bible also contains passages in which Jesus distinguishes himself from God.
For example, Jesus said:
"And this is eternal life: that they know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent." (John 17:3)
In this passage, Jesus refers to the Father as "the only true God" while describing himself as the one sent by God.
The Gospels also record Jesus praying:
"And going a little farther he fell on his face and prayed..." (Matthew 26:39)
From the Islamic perspective, these passages show Jesus worshipping God just as the prophets before him did. Muslims therefore understand Jesus to be a devoted servant of God who called people to worship their Creator.
While Muslims and Christians interpret these passages differently, Islam emphasises that worship belongs to Allah alone.
Was Jesus the Son of God?
Islam also rejects the belief that Allah literally has a son.
The Qur'an states:
"It is not befitting for Allah to take a son. Exalted is He. When He decrees a matter, He only says to it, 'Be,' and it is." (Qur'an 19:35)
Muslims believe that Allah is eternal, perfect, and completely independent. He neither marries nor has children, nor does He resemble His creation in any way.
The relationship between Allah and His creation is that of the Creator to His servants—not that of a father to a son.
Muslims also observe that within the Bible the expression "son of God" is used figuratively for others besides Jesus, including Adam, Israel, David, and Solomon. In biblical language, the phrase often describes someone who is especially close to God or chosen by Him rather than indicating a literal biological relationship.
For this reason, Islam understands Jesus to be a beloved servant and messenger of Allah—not His literal son.
The Crucifixion and Ascension of Jesus
One of the major differences between Islam and Christianity concerns the crucifixion.
Muslims believe that Jesus was not crucified.
The Qur'an states:
"They did not kill him, nor did they crucify him—it was only made to appear so to them." (Qur'an 4:157)
Instead, the Qur'an tells us:
"Rather, Allah raised him to Himself. And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise." (Qur'an 4:158)
Muslims therefore believe that Allah protected His beloved Prophet from his enemies, raised him to Himself, and that Jesus remains alive until his return before the Day of Judgement.
Some Muslim scholars have also pointed to certain passages in the Bible that they believe raise questions regarding the traditional understanding of the crucifixion.
For example, Jesus compared his experience to that of Prophet Jonah:
"For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth." (Matthew 12:40)
Muslim scholars observe that Jonah entered the fish alive and emerged alive, suggesting that the comparison may point towards deliverance rather than death.
The Gospels also describe Jesus eating with his disciples after these events:
"They gave him a piece of broiled fish, and he took it and ate it in their presence." (Luke 24:42–43)
Muslim scholars note that eating, speaking, and interacting physically are characteristics of a living person.
Christians and Muslims have understood these passages differently for centuries, and both traditions sincerely hold to their respective beliefs. The Islamic position, however, remains clear: Jesus was not crucified, was raised by Allah, and remains alive until his return before the Day of Judgement.
The Return of Jesus
Muslims believe that Jesus (peace be upon him) will return before the Day of Judgement as one of the major signs of the Last Day.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The son of Mary will soon descend among you as a just ruler..." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
According to authentic Islamic teachings, Jesus will return to restore justice, defeat falsehood, and reaffirm the worship of Allah alone.
He will not bring a new religion, nor will he come as a new prophet. Rather, he will follow and uphold the final revelation given to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, confirming the continuity of Allah's guidance to humanity.
His return will be a powerful reminder that Allah's promise is true and that the Day of Judgement is drawing near.
What Do Muslims Believe About Jesus?
In summary, Muslims believe that Jesus (peace be upon him):
Was born miraculously to Mary (Maryam) without a human father.
Was one of the greatest prophets and messengers of Allah.
Was the Messiah sent to the Children of Israel.
Performed many miracles solely by Allah's permission.
Called people to worship Allah alone.
Was neither God nor the literal Son of God.
Was not crucified but was raised alive by Allah.
Will return before the Day of Judgement.
Belief in Jesus is not optional in Islam. It is an essential part of the Muslim faith. Muslims believe in all of Allah's prophets, and rejecting any one of them is considered a rejection of God's guidance.
Jesus and Submission to God
The word Islam means submission to the will of Allah, and a Muslim is one who willingly submits to Him.
Muslims believe that all of Allah's prophets—including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all)—submitted themselves completely to God and called others to do the same.
Although Jesus lived nearly six centuries before Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Muslims believe that he preached the same essential message as every prophet before and after him: to worship Allah alone and live according to His guidance.
Many practices associated with Islam can also be seen in the life and teachings of Jesus.
Jesus Worshipped One God
The Bible records Jesus teaching:
"Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is One." (Mark 12:29)
This is fully consistent with the central teaching of Islam: that there is only one God who alone deserves worship.
Jesus Prayed to God
The Gospels describe Jesus praying with humility and devotion.
For example:
"And going a little farther he fell on his face and prayed." (Matthew 26:39)
Muslims note that prostration remains one of the central acts of worship in Islam and has been practised by the prophets throughout history as an expression of complete submission to God.
Jesus Was Circumcised
The Bible records:
"And when eight days were completed for the circumcision of the child, His name was called Jesus." (Luke 2:21)
Circumcision was part of the tradition of the prophets before Jesus and remains a common practice among Muslims today.
Jesus Avoided Pork
Jesus followed the Law of Moses, which prohibited the consumption of pork.
The Torah states:
"And the pig... is unclean for you. You must not eat their meat." (Leviticus 11:7–8)
Likewise, Muslims abstain from pork in obedience to Allah's commandments.
Jesus Called People to Obey God
Throughout the Gospels, Jesus consistently encouraged people to worship God, pray sincerely, show humility, give charity, care for others, and live righteous lives.
These are the very values that Islam continues to emphasise today.
For this reason, Muslims believe that Jesus was a faithful servant and prophet of Allah who devoted his life to calling people towards the worship of the One True God.
Conclusion
Jesus (peace be upon him) occupies a unique and honoured place in Islam. Muslims love and respect him, believe in his miraculous birth, affirm his prophethood, acknowledge the miracles Allah granted him, and await his return before the Day of Judgement.
At the same time, Islam preserves the pure belief that worship belongs to Allah alone. The Qur'an records Jesus calling people to this very message:
"Indeed, Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is the Straight Path." (Qur'an 3:51)
Muslims believe that this was the same message preached by every prophet—from Adam and Noah to Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and finally Muhammad (peace be upon them all): to worship the One True God alone and follow His guidance.
Far from diminishing Jesus, Islam honours him as one of the greatest men who ever lived—a noble prophet, the promised Messiah, a servant of Allah, and a sign of His power and mercy.
By understanding the Islamic perspective on Jesus, we can better appreciate both the similarities and the differences between Islam and Christianity while encouraging respectful, sincere, and meaningful dialogue between people of faith.
Whether you are a Muslim seeking to strengthen your faith or someone exploring Islam for the first time, we encourage you to continue learning with an open mind and a sincere heart. We pray that Allah guides us all to the truth and grants us the wisdom to recognise and follow it.
17. Who Is Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
17. Who Is Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
Introduction
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the final messenger of Allah and the last prophet in a long line of prophets sent to guide humanity. Muslims believe that he was sent as a mercy to all people, calling them to worship the One True God and to live lives of righteousness, justice, compassion, and good character.
Allah says:
"And We have not sent you except as a mercy to the worlds." (Qur'an 21:107)
For Muslims, Muhammad ﷺ is not only a prophet but also the finest example of how to live. His life perfectly demonstrated the teachings of the Qur'an, and his noble character continues to inspire billions of people around the world.
Allah says:
"Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example for whoever hopes in Allah and the Last Day and remembers Allah often." (Qur'an 33:21)
A Brief Biography
Muhammad ﷺ was born in Makkah, Arabia, in the year 570 CE. Even before his birth, he faced hardship, as his father passed away while his mother was expecting him. He lost his mother during childhood and was then cared for by his grandfather, and later by his uncle, Abu Talib.
As a young man, he worked as a shepherd before becoming a successful merchant. Long before receiving revelation, he was widely respected for his honesty, trustworthiness, and noble character. The people of Makkah gave him the title Al-Amin ("The Trustworthy") because they trusted him with their wealth, possessions, and important affairs.
Although he could neither read nor write, at the age of forty he received the first revelation from Allah through the Angel Jibril (Gabriel). Over the next twenty-three years, the Qur'an was gradually revealed to him, providing guidance on faith, worship, morality, justice, family life, and every aspect of human conduct.
The Final Messenger
Muslims believe that throughout history Allah sent prophets and messengers to every nation. Among them were Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus (peace be upon them all).
Each prophet called people to the same essential message: worship Allah alone, obey His guidance, and live righteous lives.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ did not bring a new religion. Rather, Muslims believe that he confirmed and completed the same message that had been preached by every prophet before him.
Allah says:
"Muhammad is not the father of any one of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets." (Qur'an 33:40)
For this reason, Muslims believe that Muhammad ﷺ is the final prophet and that no prophet will come after him.
The Qur'an and the Unlettered Prophet
One of the remarkable aspects of Prophet Muhammad's ﷺ life is that he was unlettered—he could neither read nor write. Yet the Qur'an revealed to him transformed Arabia and continues to guide billions of people around the world.
Allah says:
"Nor did you recite before it any scripture, nor did you write it with your right hand." (Qur'an 29:48)
Muslims regard this as one of the many signs of his prophethood. Since Muhammad ﷺ could neither read nor write, they believe he could not have authored or copied the Qur'an from earlier scriptures. Instead, they believe it was revealed to him by Allah through the Angel Jibril (Gabriel).
The Qur'an itself challenged its opponents to produce even a single chapter comparable to it. Despite the eloquence of the Arabs of that time, none were able to meet this challenge. Muslims therefore believe that the Qur'an is the literal Word of Allah and one of the greatest miracles granted to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
A Man Known for Truthfulness
Long before he announced that he was a prophet, Muhammad ﷺ had earned an unmatched reputation for honesty and integrity.
Even many of those who later opposed his message never accused him of lying. Throughout his life, he remained truthful, trustworthy, faithful to his promises, and sincere in all his dealings.
When the leaders of Makkah realised that more people were accepting Islam, they tried to persuade him to abandon his mission. They offered him wealth, leadership, honour, and power. They even promised to make him their king if only he would stop calling people to worship Allah alone.
Yet none of these offers tempted him.
According to authentic biographies, he declared that even if they were to place the sun in one hand and the moon in the other, he would never abandon the mission entrusted to him until Allah made it prevail or he perished while conveying it.
His unwavering commitment demonstrated that his message was never motivated by wealth, power, or personal ambition, but by complete devotion to Allah and sincere concern for humanity.
A Legacy of Mercy and Forgiveness
The defining characteristic of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was mercy.
Allah described him as a mercy to all creation, and every aspect of his life reflected this quality. His concern extended beyond his family, companions, and followers to all people. He sincerely wished that everyone would come to know their Creator and attain success in this life and the Hereafter.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"The merciful are shown mercy by the Most Merciful. Show mercy to those on the earth and the One above the heavens will show mercy to you." (Tirmidhi)
Throughout his life, he responded to hostility with patience and forgiveness. His concern was never for personal revenge but for the guidance and wellbeing of others.
One of the most moving examples occurred when he travelled to the city of Ta'if to invite its people to Islam. Rather than listening to his message, many mocked him, insulted him, and encouraged others to drive him out of the city.
According to authentic narrations, the Angel Jibril offered that the people could be punished if the Prophet ﷺ wished. Yet Muhammad ﷺ refused. Instead, he prayed that Allah would guide them and hoped that future generations from among them would worship Allah alone.
Years later, when he returned to Makkah at the head of a victorious army, many of those who had persecuted him for years feared that he would seek revenge.
Instead, he granted them a general pardon.
Rather than humiliating his former enemies, he forgave them, demonstrating one of history's greatest examples of mercy, reconciliation, and leadership. His forgiveness transformed hearts and helped unite a society that had been divided by years of conflict.
Generosity and Charity
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was among the most generous people who ever lived.
He encouraged charity, feeding the poor, caring for orphans, helping widows, and supporting anyone in need.
Whatever wealth came into his possession was often distributed to others. He chose a simple lifestyle and preferred to give rather than accumulate worldly possessions for himself.
Even during times of hardship, he continued helping those around him and encouraged others to do the same.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"The upper hand is better than the lower hand." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Meaning that giving to others is better than constantly receiving from them.
His life was a practical example of generosity, selflessness, and sincere concern for society's most vulnerable members.
Kindness to Neighbours
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that true faith is reflected in how a person treats others.
He emphasised kindness towards neighbours regardless of their background, religion, or social status.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should honour his neighbour." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
He taught Muslims to maintain good relationships within their communities, assist those around them, and avoid causing harm to anyone.
These teachings remain central to Islamic ethics and encourage Muslims to contribute positively wherever they live.
Mercy to Animals
The mercy of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ extended beyond human beings to the animal world.
He taught that animals should be treated with kindness and compassion and warned against every form of cruelty.
He informed his followers that a person could be rewarded by Allah for showing kindness to an animal and punished for mistreating one.
His teachings established principles of animal welfare centuries before such discussions became common.
For Muslims, caring for animals is not simply an act of kindness but an act of worship that reflects compassion towards Allah's creation.
Humility
Despite becoming the most influential leader in Arabia, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ remained humble throughout his life.
He lived simply, wore modest clothing, helped with household chores, sat among ordinary people, and never sought luxury or status.
His companions reported that a visitor entering a gathering could not immediately distinguish him from everyone else because he did not place himself above others.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"Allah has revealed to me that you should be humble, so that no one boasts over another and no one oppresses another." (Sahih Muslim)
His humility demonstrated that true greatness lies not in wealth or power, but in sincerity, service, and devotion to Allah.
His Family Life
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that the best people are those who show kindness, respect, and compassion within their own homes.
He was gentle, caring, patient, and attentive with his family, demonstrating that true leadership begins with good character at home.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"The best of you are those who are best to their families, and I am the best of you to my family." (Tirmidhi)
His example continues to inspire Muslims to build families based upon love, mercy, respect, and mutual care.
His Final Sermon
During his Farewell Pilgrimage, shortly before his death, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ delivered a powerful sermon that summarised many of the core principles of Islam.
Among the lessons he emphasised were:
Worship Allah alone.
Respect the sanctity of life, property, and honour.
Fulfil trusts and responsibilities.
Treat others with justice and compassion.
Uphold the rights of all people.
Avoid oppression and wrongdoing.
He also reminded people that no race or nationality is superior to another, declaring that an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor a non-Arab over an Arab, except through righteousness and piety.
These timeless principles continue to inspire Muslims around the world and are regarded as one of history's clearest declarations of justice, equality, and human dignity.
Prophecies and Signs of His Prophethood
Muslims believe that Allah granted Prophet Muhammad ﷺ many signs that supported his prophethood.
Among these were prophecies that were later fulfilled.
One well-known example is found in the Hadith (the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ) known as the Hadith of Jibril, in which the Prophet ﷺ described a future time when poor Bedouin Arabs would compete in constructing tall buildings.
Today, some of the world's tallest buildings stand in the Arabian Peninsula, a development that many Muslims regard as one of the fulfilments of this prophecy.
For Muslims, such prophecies strengthen their conviction that Muhammad ﷺ was truly a messenger sent by Allah.
Mentioned in Previous Scriptures
Muslims believe that earlier prophets foretold the coming of the final messenger.
The Qur'an explains that descriptions of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ were found in previous revelations and that sincere followers of earlier prophets would recognise him through those descriptions.
Allah says:
"Those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, whom they find mentioned in the Torah and the Gospel with them..." (Qur'an 7:157)
For this reason, Muslims believe that Muhammad ﷺ was part of the same chain of divine guidance that began with Adam and continued through Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and all the prophets sent by Allah.
His Lasting Legacy
More than fourteen centuries after his passing, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ continues to influence the lives of billions of people around the world. His teachings transformed individuals, families, and societies by calling people to faith in Allah, justice, compassion, honesty, responsibility, and good character.
His remarkable influence has also been recognised by many non-Muslim historians and writers. In his well-known book The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, American astrophysicist and historian Michael H. Hart ranked Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as the most influential person in history, citing the unparalleled success of his influence in both religious and worldly affairs. While Muslims honour Prophet Muhammad ﷺ because he was Allah's final messenger—not because of the opinions of historians—this recognition reflects the profound impact his life has had on human history.
His life is among the most thoroughly documented of any historical figure, allowing people today to study his words, actions, and example in remarkable detail through authentic historical sources.
For Muslims, his example remains as relevant today as it was during his lifetime, providing practical guidance for every aspect of life.
Conclusion
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was the final messenger of Allah, sent as a mercy to all humanity.
He was known for his truthfulness, compassion, humility, generosity, patience, forgiveness, and unwavering devotion to Allah. He called people to worship the One True God, uphold justice, care for others, and live lives of integrity and good character.
Allah praised his noble character, saying:
"And indeed, you are upon an exalted standard of character." (Qur'an 68:4)
For Muslims, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the beloved final prophet and the greatest example of how to live a life devoted to Allah and dedicated to serving humanity.
Learning about his life helps us understand not only the teachings of Islam but also the character of the man through whom the Qur'an was revealed—a man whose example continues to inspire millions of people across every nation and generation.
Further Reading :
18. Why Do Muslims Love Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
18. Why Do Muslims Love Prophet Muhammad ﷺ?
For many people who are unfamiliar with Islam, it may seem unusual that Muslims speak so lovingly about Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Around the world, millions of Muslims mention his name every day with the words "peace and blessings be upon him" (ﷺ), strive to follow his example, and regard him as the greatest human being to have ever lived.
This love is not based on worship, for Muslims worship Allah alone. Rather, it is based on gratitude, respect, and recognition of the Prophet's noble character and his role in conveying Allah's final message to humanity.
Whenever Muslims mention Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, they ask Allah to send peace and blessings upon him. This is not merely a tradition but an act of worship commanded by Allah.
Allah says:
"Indeed, Allah and His angels send blessings upon the Prophet. O you who believe, send blessings upon him and greet him with peace." (Qur'an 33:56)
For Muslims, saying ﷺ is therefore both an act of obedience to Allah and an expression of love and gratitude for the Prophet who conveyed His guidance.
He Was Chosen by Allah
Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was chosen by Allah as the final messenger to guide humanity.
Allah says:
"Muhammad is not the father of any one of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets." (Qur'an 33:40)
Through him, Allah revealed the Qur'an and completed His guidance for mankind.
His mission was not limited to one nation or one period of history; it was for all people until the end of time.
He Taught People to Worship Allah Alone
The central message of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was simple and clear:
Worship Allah alone.
Do not associate any partners with Him.
Follow His guidance.
He called people away from idol worship, superstition, injustice, and oppression, inviting them instead to recognise and worship the One True God.
Like all the prophets before him, his mission was to guide people back to their Creator and prepare them for the Hereafter.
A Life of Outstanding Character
One of the greatest reasons Muslims love Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is his remarkable character.
Even before he became a prophet, the people of Makkah knew him as Al-Amin ("The Trustworthy") because of his honesty, integrity, and reliability.
When asked about his character, his wife Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) replied:
"His character was the Qur'an." (Sahih Muslim)
In other words, he lived according to the teachings of the Qur'an in every aspect of his life.
Allah Himself praised his character:
"Indeed, you are surely of outstanding moral character." (Qur'an 68:4)
His truthfulness, humility, patience, generosity, forgiveness, and compassion continue to inspire Muslims around the world today.
A Mercy to Humanity
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was sent as a mercy to all people.
Allah says:
"We have not sent you except as a mercy to all the worlds." (Qur'an 21:107)
He cared for the poor, supported orphans and widows, visited the sick, forgave those who wronged him, and showed kindness to neighbours, strangers, and even animals.
He taught that true strength lies in mercy, forgiveness, and good character.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"The merciful are shown mercy by the Most Merciful. Show mercy to those on the earth, and the One above the heavens will show mercy to you." (Sunan al-Tirmidhi)
His example continues to inspire Muslims to be compassionate, generous, and forgiving in their daily lives.
He Practised What He Preached
One reason Muslims love Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is because he lived exactly as he taught others to live.
He never sought wealth, luxury, or worldly power for himself. Although he became the leader of a growing community, he lived simply, repaired his own belongings, helped with household tasks, and often went without sufficient food.
His life demonstrated humility, sincerity, generosity, and complete trust in Allah. Muslims see in him someone whose actions always matched his words.
He Sacrificed Everything to Convey the Message
Another reason Muslims love Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is because of the immense sacrifices he made to deliver Allah's message.
For twenty-three years, he endured ridicule, persecution, boycotts, hunger, and personal loss. He was forced to leave his beloved hometown of Makkah, lost many of those closest to him, and faced constant opposition from those who rejected his message.
Despite these hardships, he never abandoned his mission or sought personal gain. His concern was always that people should know their Creator and attain salvation in the Hereafter.
His patience, perseverance, and sincere concern for humanity continue to inspire Muslims today.
He Changed Lives
Within just twenty-three years, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ transformed a society marked by tribal conflict, injustice, and idol worship into one founded upon faith, justice, compassion, knowledge, and moral responsibility.
His teachings encouraged:
Honesty.
Justice.
Charity.
Respect for parents.
Care for neighbours.
Kindness to the poor, orphans, and those in need.
Equality before Allah regardless of race, nationality, or social status.
His message continues to influence billions of people around the world today.
Loving the Prophet ﷺ Is Part of Faith
Muslims believe that loving Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is an important part of their faith—not because he is divine, but because he is Allah's final Messenger and the one who faithfully conveyed His guidance.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"None of you truly believes until I am more beloved to him than his father, his child, and all mankind." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
This love is expressed by following his example, respecting his teachings, and striving to live according to his Sunnah—his way of life, teachings, and example. Through the Sunnah, preserved in authentic Hadith (reports of the Prophet's sayings, actions, and approvals), Muslims learn how to put the teachings of the Qur'an into practice in their daily lives.
For Muslims, loving the Prophet ﷺ means following the guidance he faithfully conveyed from Allah, not elevating him beyond his rightful status.
Muslims Do Not Worship Muhammad ﷺ
One of the most common misunderstandings about Islam is that Muslims worship Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
This is not true.
Islam teaches that worship belongs to Allah alone. Muhammad ﷺ was a human being chosen by Allah to deliver His message to humanity.
The Prophet ﷺ himself warned against exaggerating his status. He said:
"Do not exaggerate in praising me as the Christians praised the son of Mary. I am only a servant, so say: the servant of Allah and His Messenger." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Muslims therefore honour and love him deeply, but they worship Allah alone.
His Legacy Continues Today
More than fourteen centuries after his passing, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ continues to influence the lives of billions of people around the world.
His teachings guide individuals, families, and communities towards faith in Allah, honesty, compassion, justice, generosity, and responsibility. Every day, millions of Muslims strive to follow his example in their worship, family life, business dealings, and relationships with others.
His remarkable influence has also been recognised by a number of non-Muslim historians and writers. In his well-known book The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, the American astrophysicist and historian Michael H. Hart ranked Prophet Muhammad ﷺ first, citing his unparalleled influence in both religious and worldly affairs. While Muslims honour Prophet Muhammad ﷺ because he was Allah's final messenger—not because of the opinions of historians—such recognition reflects the extraordinary impact his life has had on human history.
His life is also among the most thoroughly documented of any historical figure, allowing people today to study his words, actions, and example through authentic historical sources.
For Muslims, his example remains as relevant today as it was during his lifetime, providing practical guidance for every aspect of life.
Conclusion
Muslims love Prophet Muhammad ﷺ because he was Allah's final Messenger, a man of outstanding character, and a mercy to humanity.
He dedicated his life to calling people to worship Allah alone, teaching justice, compassion, honesty, mercy, and good character. Despite facing persecution, hardship, and personal loss, he remained patient, sincere, and steadfast in fulfilling the mission entrusted to him by Allah.
His example continues to inspire billions of people because he not only taught noble values but embodied them throughout his life.
Allah says:
"Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example for whoever hopes in Allah and the Last Day and remembers Allah often." (Qur'an 33:21)
Allah also says:
"And indeed, you are surely of outstanding moral character." (Qur'an 68:4)
To love Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is not to worship him, but to honour him, learn from his example, and follow the guidance that he faithfully conveyed from Allah. Through his life and teachings, countless people have found purpose, hope, and a path that leads to the worship of the One True God.
19. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in Earlier Scriptures
19. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in Earlier Scriptures
Introduction
Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the final Messenger of Allah, sent as a mercy to all mankind. The Qur'an teaches that Allah sent prophets and messengers to every nation throughout history, all calling people to worship the One True God.
Many Muslims also believe that references to the coming of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ can be found in earlier scriptures, including the Torah and the Gospel.
Allah says:
"Those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, whom they find mentioned in the Torah and the Gospel that are with them..." (Qur'an 7:157)
Muslims, Christians, and Jews may interpret these passages differently. The following examples represent the traditional Muslim understanding of verses that many Islamic scholars believe point to the coming of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
A Prophet Like Moses
In the Book of Deuteronomy, Moses is reported to have said:
"The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brethren. You shall listen to him." (Deuteronomy 18:18)
Muslim scholars have long understood this prophecy as referring to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
One reason is the phrase "from among your brethren." The Israelites were descendants of Prophet Isaac (Ishaq), while the Ishmaelites were descendants of Prophet Ishmael (Isma'il), the brother of Isaac. In this understanding, the "brethren" of the Israelites refers to the descendants of Ishmael, from whom Prophet Muhammad ﷺ came.
Muslim scholars also point out that Muhammad ﷺ shared many important similarities with Moses. Both were born naturally, married, had families, established communities governed by divine law, and served as both spiritual and societal leaders. By contrast, Jesus (Isa, peace be upon him) lived a different mission and did not establish a governing state during his earthly ministry.
For these reasons, Muslims believe this prophecy closely matches the life and mission of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
The Coming of the Comforter
In the Gospel of John, Jesus speaks about another helper who would come after him:
"And I will pray the Father, and He shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you forever." (John 14:16)
Christians generally understand this passage as referring to the Holy Spirit.
However, some Muslim scholars have understood it differently, suggesting that it points to a future messenger who would continue guiding people after Jesus. They see this as consistent with the Qur'anic teaching that Allah continued sending guidance until the coming of His final Messenger.
While the two faiths differ in their interpretation of this passage, Muslims regard it as one of several texts that may allude to the coming of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
The Prophet Foretold by Jesus
The Qur'an states that Jesus (Isa, peace be upon him) foretold the coming of a messenger after him:
Allah says:
"And [remember] when Jesus, the son of Mary, said: 'O Children of Israel, indeed I am the Messenger of Allah to you, confirming what came before me of the Torah and giving glad tidings of a Messenger to come after me whose name shall be Ahmad." (Qur'an 61:6)
Ahmad is one of the names of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and comes from the same Arabic root as Muhammad, meaning "the most praised" or "the one who is praised."
Muslims believe that this verse confirms that the coming of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was announced by Jesus himself as part of the continuous chain of divine guidance sent by Allah.
The Prophet from Paran
Another passage frequently discussed by Muslim scholars is found in the Book of Deuteronomy:
"The Lord came from Sinai, rose up from Seir unto them; He shined forth from Mount Paran." (Deuteronomy 33:2)
Muslim scholars understand the three locations mentioned in this verse as representing three great prophets:
Sinai — where Prophet Moses (Musa) received revelation.
Seir — associated with Prophet Jesus (Isa) and the region in which he preached.
Paran — identified by many Muslim scholars with the area of Makkah, where Prophet Muhammad ﷺ received the Qur'an.
They also note that the Bible records Ishmael living in the Wilderness of Paran:
"And he lived in the Wilderness of Paran..." (Genesis 21:21)
Since Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was a descendant of Ishmael and that Makkah was the place where he received revelation, they see these passages as fitting together in a meaningful way.
Others interpret these verses differently, but for Muslims they form part of the evidence that the coming of the final Messenger had been foretold long before his birth.
Conclusion
Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was foretold in previous scriptures and that his coming fulfilled prophecies conveyed by earlier prophets. While Jews, Christians, and Muslims may interpret these passages differently, Muslims see them as part of a continuous chain of divine guidance stretching from Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus to the final Messenger, Muhammad ﷺ.
For Muslims, these references reinforce the belief that Allah's message has always been one and the same: to worship Him alone and follow His guidance. Although different prophets were sent to different peoples and at different times, they all called humanity to faith in the One True God, righteousness, and preparation for the Hereafter.
With the coming of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Muslims believe that Allah completed His guidance for mankind through the revelation of the Qur'an, the final scripture preserved for all people until the Day of Judgement.
Allah says:
"Muhammad is not the father of any one of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets." (Qur'an 33:40)
For Muslims, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was not the founder of a new religion, but the final messenger in the same noble line of prophets sent by Allah throughout history to guide humanity to the worship of the One True God.
20. The Final Prophet: Why No Prophet After Muhammad ﷺ
20. The Final Prophet: Why No Prophet After Muhammad ﷺ
Throughout history, Allah sent prophets to guide humanity. From Adam and Noah to Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and finally Muhammad (peace be upon them all), every prophet called people to worship the One True God and live according to His guidance.
A common question is:
Why do Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was the final prophet, and that no prophet will come after him?
Islam teaches that Allah completed His message through Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Since the final revelation has been perfectly preserved, there is no need for another prophet.
Allah Sent Many Prophets
Muslims believe that Allah sent thousands of prophets throughout history to different nations and communities. The Qur'an mentions many of them by name, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, Jonah, John the Baptist, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all).
Although they lived in different times and places, they all taught the same essential message:
Worship Allah alone.
Follow His guidance.
Live righteous lives.
Allah says:
"And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, saying, 'Worship Allah and avoid false gods." (Qur'an 16:36)
Muhammad ﷺ Was the Final Messenger
Islam teaches that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was the last in this noble chain of prophets.
Allah says:
"Muhammad is not the father of any one of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets." (Qur'an 33:40)
The phrase "Seal of the Prophets" means that prophethood ended with him. No prophet or messenger will come after Muhammad ﷺ. This is a fundamental belief in Islam.
The Prophet ﷺ himself explained his position through a beautiful parable:
"My example in comparison with the prophets before me is that of a man who built a house beautifully, except for one brick. People admired the house but said, 'If only that brick were put in its place.' I am that brick, and I am the last of the prophets." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
This illustrates that Muhammad ﷺ completed the long line of prophets sent by Allah.
Why Was There No Need for Another Prophet?
Previous prophets were sent to specific people and at specific times.
Over time, earlier scriptures were altered, forgotten, or no longer preserved in their original form. Whenever people moved away from Allah's guidance, He sent another prophet to remind them and restore His message.
With Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, however, Allah completed and perfected His guidance for all humanity.
Allah says:
"Today I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and chosen Islam as your religion." (Qur'an 5:3)
Since the religion has been perfected, there is no need for another revelation or another prophet.
The Qur'an Is Protected
One of the reasons Muslims believe there will be no prophet after Muhammad ﷺ is that the final revelation has been preserved by Allah Himself.
Allah says:
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder, and indeed, We will surely preserve it." (Qur'an 15:9)
Unlike previous scriptures, the Qur'an has been preserved through memorisation, written manuscripts, and continuous transmission from generation to generation.
Because Allah has protected His final revelation, humanity continues to have access to the same guidance revealed more than fourteen centuries ago.
Muhammad's Message Is Universal
Many earlier prophets were sent primarily to particular nations or communities.
For example, Prophet Moses (Musa, peace be upon him) was sent to the Children of Israel.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, however, was sent to all humanity.
Allah says:
"And We have not sent you except as a mercy to all the worlds." (Qur'an 21:107)
He also says:
"Say, O mankind, indeed I am the Messenger of Allah to all of you." (Qur'an 7:158)
His message is not limited by race, nationality, language, or time. Muslims believe it remains relevant until the Day of Judgement.
The Prophet ﷺ Confirmed That He Was the Last
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ clearly stated that no prophet would come after him.
He said:
"There will be no prophet after me." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
This clear statement leaves no room for another prophet or messenger after him.
For this reason, Muslims reject the claims of anyone who says they are a prophet or that they have received new revelation from Allah after Muhammad ﷺ.
Guidance Continues Through the Qur'an and Sunnah
Although no new prophet will come, Allah has not left humanity without guidance.
Muslims continue to follow:
The Qur'an, the final revelation.
The Sunnah (the teachings, actions, and example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ).
Together, they provide complete guidance for worship, morality, family life, business, justice, and personal conduct.
Muslim scholars devote their lives to studying, explaining, and teaching these sources, but they do not receive new revelation.
The finality of prophethood is also a mercy. It provides humanity with one complete and preserved standard of guidance, protecting the religion from being changed by future individuals claiming to speak on behalf of Allah.
What This Means for Muslims
Believing that Muhammad ﷺ is the final prophet encourages Muslims to preserve and follow his teachings faithfully.
His example continues to inspire millions of people to live with honesty, compassion, justice, humility, and devotion to Allah.
Rather than waiting for another prophet, Muslims are encouraged to learn, practise, and share the guidance that Allah has already perfected.
Conclusion
Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was the final Messenger sent by Allah to humanity. His message completed the guidance brought by all previous prophets, and the Qur'an remains preserved as the final revelation for all people.
For Muslims, this means that Allah's message is complete, His revelation has been preserved, and the guidance brought by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ remains relevant for every generation until the end of time.
Belief in the finality of prophethood is therefore not simply about the end of a line of messengers—it is a belief that Allah has perfected His guidance for humanity and preserved it for all who sincerely seek the truth.
21. The First Revelation: How the Qur'an Was Revealed
21. The First Revelation: How the Qur'an Was Revealed
Introduction
The revelation of the Qur'an marked the beginning of the final divine guidance for humanity. It was one of the most significant events in Islamic history, changing the course of countless lives and shaping the faith of billions of people around the world.
Unlike the revelation of previous scriptures, which were given to earlier prophets, the Qur'an was revealed gradually over a period of twenty-three years to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Muslims believe that it is the final revelation from Allah, confirming the truths revealed to earlier prophets while completing His guidance for all humanity.
Allah says:
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder..." (Qur'an 15:9)
The first revelation did not begin before crowds of people or in a palace. It began quietly, in the solitude of a small cave on a mountain overlooking Makkah. From that humble place came a message that would transform individuals, families, societies, and civilisations.
Seeking Solitude
Around the year 610 CE, Makkah was an important centre of trade, attracting people from across Arabia. Although prosperous, its society had drifted away from the worship of the One True God. Idol worship had become widespread, injustice was common, the weak were often mistreated, and tribal divisions frequently led to conflict.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was deeply troubled by the condition of his people. Even before he received revelation, he was known for his honesty, wisdom, and noble character. Unlike many around him, he never worshipped idols or participated in the immoral practices of his society.
As he approached the age of forty, he increasingly sought solitude to reflect upon the signs of Allah's creation and the purpose of life. He would leave the busy streets of Makkah and travel to Jabal al-Noor (the Mountain of Light), where a small cave known as Ghar Hira overlooked the city.
Taking only simple provisions, he would spend days and nights there in worship, contemplation, and reflection, away from the distractions of everyday life.
He did not yet know that this quiet cave would become the place where Allah would begin revealing His final message to humanity.
The First Revelation
During the month of Ramadan, while Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was alone in the Cave of Hira, an extraordinary event took place.
The Angel Jibril (Gabriel), sent by Allah, suddenly appeared before him and gave a command that would forever change human history.
He said:
"Read!" (or "Recite!")
Muhammad ﷺ replied:
"I am not one who can read."
The Angel embraced him firmly and repeated the command a second time.
Again, the Prophet ﷺ answered:
"I am not one who can read."
The Angel embraced him once more before repeating the command for a third time. Then Jibril recited the first verses of the Qur'an ever revealed:
Allah revealed:
"Recite in the name of your Lord who created—
Created man from a clinging substance.
Recite, and your Lord is the Most Generous—
Who taught by the pen—
Taught man that which he knew not." (Qur'an 96:1–5)
These were the first words of the Qur'an to be revealed and marked the beginning of Allah's final revelation to mankind.
The opening command, "Read" (Iqra'), highlights the importance of knowledge, learning, and seeking guidance. From the very beginning, Islam encouraged reflection, education, and understanding, reminding humanity that true knowledge begins with recognising and worshipping the Creator.
An Unlettered Prophet
One of the remarkable aspects of this event is that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was unlettered—he could neither read nor write.
Allah says:
"Nor did you recite before it any scripture, nor did you write it with your right hand..." (Qur'an 29:48)
For Muslims, this is one of the signs of his prophethood. He had not studied earlier scriptures, nor had he learned from scholars or writers. Yet the Qur'an revealed to him contains profound guidance, wisdom, and eloquence that challenged even the finest Arab poets and speakers of the time.
Rather than being the work of a human author, Muslims believe the Qur'an is the direct Word of Allah, revealed to His final Messenger through the Angel Jibril.
Returning Home
The encounter with the Angel Jibril was unlike anything Prophet Muhammad ﷺ had ever experienced. Overwhelmed by the greatness of what had taken place, he left the Cave of Hira trembling with fear and awe.
He hurried down the mountain and returned home to his beloved wife, Khadijah (may Allah be pleased with her). As soon as he entered, he said:
"Cover me! Cover me!"
She wrapped him in a cloak until he felt calm. After recovering from the shock of what had happened, he told her everything he had seen and heard.
Khadijah listened carefully and immediately recognised the noble character of her husband. Rather than doubting him or dismissing his experience, she comforted and reassured him with words that have been remembered throughout Islamic history.
She said:
"Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You maintain family ties, speak the truth, help those in need, honour your guests, and assist those afflicted by hardship." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Her response reflected her complete trust in the Prophet ﷺ and her confidence that Allah would never abandon someone of such outstanding character.
Khadijah became the first person to believe in his prophethood and remained one of his greatest sources of support throughout the early years of Islam.
Confirmation of His Prophethood
Seeking further understanding of this extraordinary event, Khadijah took Prophet Muhammad ﷺ to visit her elderly cousin, Waraqah ibn Nawfal.
Waraqah was known as a learned man who had studied the earlier scriptures and believed in the One True God. After listening carefully to the Prophet's account of the encounter in the Cave of Hira, he recognised what had happened.
He told Muhammad ﷺ that the visitor was the same Angel who had brought revelation to Prophet Musa (Moses), peace be upon him.
Waraqah also warned him that many people would oppose his message.
When the Prophet ﷺ asked in surprise,
"Will they really drive me out?"
Waraqah replied that every messenger who came with the truth faced opposition from his people.
Although Waraqah passed away not long afterwards, his words provided reassurance that Muhammad ﷺ had indeed been chosen by Allah as His final Messenger.
The Beginning of the Qur'anic Revelation
After the first revelation, there was a short pause before further verses were revealed.
Then Allah continued sending revelation to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ through the Angel Jibril over the next twenty-three years.
Some verses strengthened the faith of the believers.
Others taught them how to worship Allah.
Some established laws of justice, family life, business, and society.
Others offered comfort during times of hardship and persecution.
Each revelation came exactly when it was needed, guiding the growing Muslim community step by step.
Unlike ordinary books, the Qur'an was not revealed all at once. Muslims believe this gradual revelation was part of Allah's wisdom, making it easier for the believers to understand, memorise, and implement His guidance.
Allah says:
"And the disbelievers say, 'Why was the Qur'an not revealed to him all at once?' It is so that We may strengthen your heart thereby, and We have revealed it gradually." (Qur'an 25:32)
The Companions Preserved Every Revelation
Whenever new verses were revealed, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ would immediately recite them to his Companions.
Many memorised the verses by heart, while appointed scribes carefully wrote them down on the writing materials available at the time, including parchment, leather, shoulder bones, and palm stalks.
The Prophet ﷺ also instructed the scribes exactly where each newly revealed verse belonged within the Qur'an.
This meant that the Qur'an was preserved through both memorisation and written records during the Prophet's own lifetime.
The Companions took great care to learn, memorise, and teach the Qur'an exactly as they had received it, ensuring that every word was transmitted accurately from one generation to the next.
The Preservation of the Qur'an
Muslims believe that the Qur'an has been preserved exactly as it was revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
During his lifetime, thousands of his Companions memorised the Qur'an in its entirety, while others wrote down the revelations under his direct supervision. This unique combination of memorisation and written preservation ensured that every verse was carefully safeguarded.
After the Prophet's passing, the Qur'an was compiled into a single written manuscript during the caliphate of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and later standardised under Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him). This was done to preserve a single, authentic text as Islam spread to different regions.
Today, Muslims throughout the world continue to recite and memorise the same Qur'an that was revealed more than fourteen centuries ago.
Allah says:
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder..." (Qur'an 15:9)
For Muslims, this divine promise explains why the Qur'an has remained unchanged despite the passage of time.
The Significance of the First Revelation
The first revelation was far more than the beginning of a book. It marked the beginning of Allah's final guidance for humanity.
The very first command—"Read" or "Recite"—highlights the importance of seeking knowledge, reflecting upon creation, and learning with sincerity. Throughout Islamic history, this emphasis on knowledge inspired generations of Muslims to excel in fields such as theology, science, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and literature.
The first revelation also reminds believers that true knowledge begins with recognising and worshipping the Creator.
Every verse that followed built upon this foundation, guiding people towards faith, justice, mercy, good character, and responsibility.
Laylat al-Qadr (The Night of Decree)
Muslims believe that the first revelation took place during Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree), one of the most blessed nights of the year.
Allah says:
"Indeed, We sent the Qur'an down during the Night of Decree. And what can make you know what the Night of Decree is? The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months." (Qur'an 97:1–3)
During the last ten nights of Ramadan, Muslims increase their worship, prayer, and recitation of the Qur'an, seeking the immense blessings and forgiveness associated with this special night.
Conclusion
The first revelation in the Cave of Hira changed the course of human history.
From that quiet mountain cave came a message that called people away from idolatry, injustice, and ignorance towards the worship of the One True God and a life founded upon faith, knowledge, justice, mercy, and good character.
Over the next twenty-three years, Allah revealed the Qur'an to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as a complete guide for humanity.
For Muslims, the Qur'an is not simply a historical book; it is the living Word of Allah, preserved in its original form and recited daily by millions of people across the world.
The story of the first revelation reminds us that even in times of darkness and uncertainty, Allah's guidance brings light, hope, and purpose. It all began with a single command from the Creator:
Allah says:
"Recite in the name of your Lord who created." (Qur'an 96:1)
22. How Do We Know Hadith Are Authentic?
22. How Do We Know Hadith Are Authentic?
Introduction
The Qur'an is the direct word of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. The Hadith are reports describing the Prophet's ﷺ sayings, actions, approvals, and characteristics. Together, the Prophet's teachings and example are known as the Sunnah.
The Qur'an commands Muslims to pray, give charity, fast, and follow the Messenger ﷺ. The Sunnah provides important details about how the Prophet ﷺ understood and practised these teachings.
Because the Sunnah is so important to Islamic belief and practice, Muslim scholars took great care to distinguish authentic reports from weak or fabricated ones.
From the earliest generations of Islam, scholars developed a detailed system for examining Hadith, including the chain of transmission, the reliability of narrators, the wording of the report, and any hidden weaknesses.
1. The Two Main Parts of a Hadith
A Hadith can be understood through two main components:
Isnad (Chain of Transmission)
The chain of narrators through whom the report was transmitted from one person to another, ultimately reaching the Prophet ﷺ.
Matn (Text)
The actual content of the report—the Prophet's ﷺ words, actions, approval, or description.
Scholars examined both the Isnad and the Matn rather than simply accepting a report because it was attributed to the Prophet ﷺ.
2. Examining the Chain of Transmission
One of the remarkable features of Hadith scholarship is the importance given to identifying the people who transmitted each report.
Scholars developed a field known as 'Ilm al-Rijal (the study of narrators), recording detailed information about the lives, character, teachers, students, dates, locations, and reliability of narrators.
They considered questions such as:
Was the narrator known for honesty and integrity?
Was the narrator accurate and careful when transmitting information?
Did the narrator have a reliable memory or dependable written records?
Did the narrator actually meet and learn from the person from whom they reported?
Were there any gaps or weaknesses in the chain?
Did other narrators transmit the same report?
This allowed scholars to assess the reliability of each link in a chain rather than relying simply on the reputation of the report itself.
3. Examining the Content
A strong chain was important, but scholars did not stop there.
They also examined the Matn, or content, of a Hadith. They compared different versions of the same report and considered whether there were contradictions, unusual wording, historical difficulties, or other indications of a problem.
They also looked for hidden defects ('Illah)—subtle issues that might not be obvious from simply looking at the chain.
A report could therefore appear reliable at first but receive a different assessment after a deeper examination.
4. How Are Hadith Classified?
After examining a report, scholars assigned it a classification based on its reliability.
Sahih — Authentic
A Sahih Hadith meets the established conditions of authenticity, including a connected chain, reliable and accurate narrators, and freedom from significant contradiction or hidden defects.
Hasan — Good
A Hasan Hadith is considered acceptable and reliable, although it may not meet every aspect of the higher standard required for Sahih.
Da'if — Weak
A Da'if Hadith contains a weakness in its chain or transmission. The nature and seriousness of the weakness can vary.
Mawdu' — Fabricated
A Mawdu' Hadith is a report identified as fabricated and falsely attributed to the Prophet ﷺ. Such a report is rejected.
These classifications demonstrate that Muslim scholars did not treat every report attributed to the Prophet ﷺ as automatically authentic.
5. What About Multiple Chains?
Sometimes the same teaching was transmitted through several independent chains.
When reports are supported by multiple reliable routes of transmission, this can strengthen confidence in the report.
Scholars therefore did not always examine a Hadith in isolation. They compared different chains and versions and considered the overall evidence.
This comparative approach was an important part of Hadith criticism.
6. How Were Hadith Preserved?
Hadith were preserved through both memorisation and writing.
The Companions of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ memorised his teachings and passed them on to later generations. Some Companions also recorded Hadith in writing.
The next generation—the Tabi'un—learned from the Companions and transmitted what they had learned to those who came after them.
As the Muslim world expanded, scholars travelled extensively to meet teachers, hear reports directly, compare narrations, and investigate transmitters.
Over generations, this produced extensive networks of transmission that could be examined and compared.
The later compilation of major Hadith books therefore did not mean that the reports suddenly appeared for the first time centuries later. The compilers gathered and critically examined material that had already been transmitted through earlier generations.
7. What About Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim?
Two of the most famous Hadith collections are Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.
Imam al-Bukhari and Imam Muslim were highly respected Hadith scholars who examined large numbers of reports and applied demanding standards when selecting material for their collections.
Sahih al-Bukhari is widely regarded by Sunni Muslim scholars as the most authentic book after the Qur'an, followed by Sahih Muslim.
Other major Hadith collections include:
Sunan Abu Dawud
Jami' at-Tirmidhi
Sunan al-Nasa'i
Sunan Ibn Majah
These collections contain Hadith with different levels of authenticity, which is why individual reports must be considered according to their grading rather than assuming that every report in every collection has the same status.
8. Were All Hadith Accepted by Muslim Scholars?
No.
Muslim scholars have always recognised that some reports attributed to the Prophet ﷺ are weak or fabricated.
They therefore developed methods for identifying unreliable narrations rather than accepting everything that was circulated in his name.
This is important because the existence of weak or fabricated reports does not mean that all Hadith are unreliable. Rather, it demonstrates why the science of Hadith developed in the first place: to distinguish reliable reports from unreliable ones.
Today, a quotation found online should not automatically be treated as a Hadith simply because it is labelled as one. It is better to check its source, reference, and scholarly grading before attributing it to the Prophet ﷺ.
9. Why Is the Sunnah Important?
The Qur'an repeatedly commands Muslims to obey and follow the Messenger ﷺ.
Allah says:
"Whoever obeys the Messenger has truly obeyed Allah." (Qur'an 4:80)
The Prophet ﷺ did not merely deliver the Qur'an; he demonstrated how its teachings were to be lived.
The Sunnah helps Muslims understand many aspects of worship and daily life, including prayer, fasting, charity, pilgrimage, manners, family life, and personal conduct.
For example, the Qur'an commands Muslims to establish prayer, while the Sunnah provides important practical details about how the Prophet ﷺ prayed.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"Pray as you have seen me pray." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
10. Does This Mean Hadith Are the Same as the Qur'an?
No.
Muslims make an important distinction between the two.
The Qur'an is the revealed word of Allah and is the primary source of Islam.
The Hadith are reports about the teachings and example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which were transmitted and evaluated through the science of Hadith.
Authentic Sunnah is essential for understanding and practising Islam, but Hadith are not considered the Qur'an itself.
A Remarkable Tradition of Scholarship
The preservation and authentication of Hadith involved far more than simply memorising stories.
Muslim scholars developed an extensive tradition of examining:
Who transmitted the report → whether the chain was connected → whether the narrators were reliable and accurate → whether other reports supported it → whether the wording contained problems → whether hidden defects existed → and what final classification the report deserved.
This careful methodology allowed scholars to distinguish between authentic, acceptable, weak, and fabricated reports.
Conclusion
Hadith are an essential source for understanding the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, but Muslims do not believe that every report attributed to him is automatically authentic.
For centuries, scholars carefully examined chains of transmission, narrator reliability, textual content, corroborating evidence, and hidden defects in an effort to establish which reports could reliably be attributed to the Prophet ﷺ.
The Qur'an remains the primary revelation of Islam, while the authentic Sunnah explains and demonstrates how its teachings were lived by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
For anyone exploring Islam, understanding the science of Hadith helps explain why Muslims place such importance on the Prophet's ﷺ example and why they do not simply accept every quotation attributed to him.
May Allah increase us in beneficial knowledge and guide us to follow the Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah of His Messenger ﷺ with sincerity and wisdom. Ameen.
BELIEFS AND PRACTICE❤️
BELIEFS AND PRACTICE❤️
23. The Pillars of Islam and Faith (Iman)
23. The Pillars of Islam and Faith (Iman)
Introduction
Islam is a complete way of life revealed by Allah for the guidance of humanity. It teaches people how to worship their Creator, live with purpose, develop good character, and attain success in this life and the Hereafter.
The word Islam means submission to the Will of Allah through obedience, sincerity, and devotion. A person who follows Islam is called a Muslim.
The foundation of Islam is belief in Allah, following His guidance, and living according to His commands.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Islam is built upon five..." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
He also explained the Six Pillars of Faith (Iman) in the famous Hadith of Jibril (Sahih Muslim).
Together, the Five Pillars of Islam and the Six Pillars of Faith form the foundation of a Muslim's beliefs, worship, and way of life.
The Five Pillars of Islam
The Five Pillars of Islam are the essential acts of worship that form the foundation of a Muslim's daily life. They strengthen a person's relationship with Allah and provide a practical framework for living a life of faith, discipline, and compassion.
1. Shahadah (Declaration of Faith)
The testimony of faith is:
"Ash-hadu an la ilaha illallah, wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan rasulullah."
Meaning:
"I bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."
This declaration is the foundation of Islam. It affirms belief in the absolute Oneness of Allah and acceptance of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as His final Messenger.
Every act of worship in Islam is built upon this testimony.
2. Salah (Prayer)
Muslims perform five daily prayers at prescribed times:
Fajr – Dawn
Dhuhr – Noon
Asr – Afternoon
Maghrib – Sunset
Isha – Night
Prayer is a direct connection between a person and Allah. It reminds Muslims throughout the day of their purpose, strengthens faith, and brings peace and discipline into their lives.
Allah says:
"Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing." (Qur'an 29:45)
3. Zakah (Charity)
Zakah is an obligatory annual charity given by Muslims whose wealth reaches a minimum threshold (known as the nisab).
Typically, 2.5% of qualifying savings is distributed to those who are eligible to receive it.
Zakah purifies wealth, helps those in need, reduces poverty, and strengthens compassion and social responsibility within the community.
Allah says:
"Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase." (Qur'an 9:103)
4. Sawm (Fasting in Ramadan)
Every year during the month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn until sunset.
During the fast, they abstain from food, drink, and marital relations, while striving to avoid sinful speech and actions.
Fasting develops self-discipline, patience, gratitude, empathy for those less fortunate, and a greater consciousness of Allah.
Allah says:
"O you who believe, fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you so that you may attain righteousness." (Qur'an 2:183)
5. Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Hajj is the pilgrimage to the Sacred House (the Ka'bah) in Makkah.
It is obligatory once in a lifetime for every Muslim who is physically and financially able to undertake the journey.
Each year, millions of Muslims from every race, nationality, and background gather in Makkah, dressed in simple garments, demonstrating unity, equality, and complete submission to Allah.
Allah says:
"And pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to Allah by all people who are able to undertake it." (Qur'an 3:97)
The Six Pillars of Faith (Iman)
The Six Pillars of Faith (Iman) are the essential beliefs that every Muslim must affirm. While the Five Pillars of Islam relate to outward acts of worship, the Pillars of Faith relate to what a Muslim believes in the heart.
1. Belief in Allah
The first and most important pillar is belief in Allah, the One True God.
Allah alone is the Creator, Sustainer, Provider, and Lord of all creation. He has no partners, children, equals, or rivals.
Allah says:
"Say: He is Allah, the One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent." (Qur'an 112:1–4)
A Muslim worships Allah alone and directs every act of worship solely to Him.
2. Belief in the Angels
Angels are noble creations of Allah made from light.
They never disobey Allah and faithfully carry out every command He gives them.
Among them are:
Jibril (Gabriel), who brought revelation to the prophets.
Mikail (Michael), who is responsible for rain and provision by Allah's command.
Israfil, who will blow the trumpet before the Day of Judgement.
The angels who record every person's deeds.
Allah says:
"They do not disobey Allah in what He commands them but do what they are commanded." (Qur'an 66:6)
3. Belief in the Revealed Books
Allah revealed scriptures throughout history to guide humanity.
These include:
The Torah revealed to Musa (Moses) peace be upon him
The Psalms (Zabur) revealed to Dawud (David) peace be upon him
The Gospel (Injil) revealed to Isa (Jesus) peace be upon him
The Noble Qur'an revealed to Muhammad ﷺ
Muslims believe in all of Allah's original revelations while recognising the Qur'an as His final and preserved revelation.
Allah says:
"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Reminder, and indeed, We will surely preserve it." (Qur'an 15:9)
More than fourteen centuries after its revelation, the Qur'an remains unchanged and preserved in its original form.
4. Belief in the Prophets and Messengers
Allah sent prophets and messengers to every nation to guide people to worship Him alone.
Among them are Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, John the Baptist, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all).
Allah says:
"And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, saying: 'Worship Allah and avoid false gods.'" (Qur'an 16:36)
Muslims believe in all of Allah's prophets without rejecting any of them.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the final messenger sent to all humanity.
Allah says:
"Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets." (Qur'an 33:40)
5. Belief in the Last Day
Muslims believe that every person will be resurrected and held accountable before Allah.
On the Day of Judgement, every action, word, and intention will be judged with perfect justice.
Allah says:
"So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." (Qur'an 99:7–8)
Those who believe in Allah and strive to do righteous deeds will enter Paradise by Allah's mercy, while those who reject His guidance will be held accountable for their choices.
6. Belief in Divine Decree (Qadr)
Muslims believe that Allah possesses complete knowledge of everything that has happened, is happening, and will happen.
Nothing occurs except by His knowledge and permission.
At the same time, Allah has granted human beings free will and the ability to make choices. His perfect knowledge of our choices does not remove our responsibility for them. Every person remains accountable for their intentions and actions.
Belief in Qadr brings patience during hardship, gratitude during times of ease, and trust in Allah's perfect wisdom.
Worship in Islam
Worship in Islam is not limited to prayer, fasting, charity, and pilgrimage.
Every action performed sincerely for the sake of Allah and in accordance with His guidance can become an act of worship.
This includes:
Being truthful.
Honouring parents.
Helping neighbours.
Seeking beneficial knowledge.
Earning an honest living.
Showing kindness and compassion.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Every good deed is charity." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
The famous Hadith of Jibril also teaches a third dimension of Islam known as Ihsan (Excellence). The Prophet ﷺ described Ihsan as:
"To worship Allah as though you see Him; and if you cannot see Him, then know that He certainly sees you." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
Ihsan encourages Muslims to worship Allah with sincerity, excellence, and constant awareness that He knows and sees everything they do. It transforms everyday acts of honesty, kindness, and service into acts of worship performed for His sake.
Conclusion
The Six Pillars of Faith (Iman) establish what a Muslim believes, while the Five Pillars of Islam establish how a Muslim worships and lives.
Together, they provide a complete framework for faith, worship, morality, and purpose.
Islam calls humanity to worship the One True God, live righteously, develop good character, and prepare for the eternal life to come.
Allah says:
"Whoever does righteousness, whether male or female, while being a believer – We will surely cause them to live a good life, and We will surely give them their reward according to the best of what they used to do." (Qur'an 16:97)
For Muslims, these pillars are not simply beliefs or rituals. They provide a practical way of life that nurtures faith, strengthens character, benefits society, and brings a person closer to Allah throughout every stage of life.
Further Reading:
24. Angels in Islam
24. Angels in Islam
In Islam, belief in angels (Mala'ikah) is one of the Six Articles of Faith. Muslims believe that angels are real creations of Allah who belong to the unseen world (Al-Ghayb). They are noble servants of Allah who worship Him, carry out His commands, and perform many duties throughout creation.
Angels are not divine beings, nor are they objects of worship. They are created servants of Allah, completely dependent upon Him and entirely subject to His command.
Allah says:
“They do not disobey Allah in what He commands them but do what they are commanded.” (Qur’an 66:6)
Belief in angels is therefore an essential part of Islamic faith. The Qur’an and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ describe their creation, qualities, duties, and relationship with human beings.
1. What Are Angels?
Angels are part of the unseen creation of Allah. Human beings cannot normally see them, but Muslims believe in them because Allah and His Messenger ﷺ have informed us about them.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ explained:
“The angels were created from light, the jinn were created from a smokeless flame of fire, and Adam was created from that which has been described to you.” (Sahih Muslim)
This distinguishes angels from human beings and jinn.
Human beings and jinn have been given the ability to choose between obedience and disobedience. Angels, however, are obedient servants of Allah. They carry out whatever Allah commands them and do not rebel against Him.
Angels are therefore not like human beings with competing desires and temptations. Their existence is one of worship, obedience, and service to their Creator.
2. The Qualities of Angels
The Qur’an and Sunnah describe angels as noble and powerful creations of Allah.
They Worship Allah
Angels constantly worship and glorify Allah. They do not become tired or bored of worshipping Him.
Allah says:
“They glorify Him night and day; they never slacken.” (Qur’an 21:20)
Their continuous worship reminds Muslims that the entire creation belongs to Allah and that human beings are also created to worship Him.
They Have Great Strength
Angels are powerful creations of Allah and can carry out enormous tasks by His command.
The Qur’an describes the angels who carry the Throne of Allah:
“Those who carry the Throne and those around it glorify the praises of their Lord, believe in Him, and ask forgiveness for those who believe.” (Qur’an 40:7)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also described Jibreel (Gabriel), peace be upon him, as having an immense and extraordinary form.
They Can Take Different Forms
Angels normally belong to the unseen world, but Allah can allow them to appear in forms that human beings can see.
Jibreel (Gabriel), peace be upon him, came to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ at times in the form of a man.
Angels also appeared to earlier prophets and righteous people by Allah’s permission.
3. How Many Angels Are There?
The exact number of angels is known only to Allah.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ described Al-Bayt al-Ma‘mur, the much-visited House in the heavens, where 70,000 angels enter every day to worship Allah and do not return to it again.
This gives us an indication of the vast number of angels, although only Allah knows their total number.
4. The Roles of the Angels
Allah has given different angels different responsibilities. Some are mentioned by name in the Qur’an and Sunnah, while many others are known only to Allah.
Jibreel (Gabriel), peace be upon him
Jibreel is one of the greatest angels and is particularly associated with revelation.
He was the angel who brought Allah’s revelation to the prophets, including the Qur’an to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Allah says:
“The Trustworthy Spirit has brought it down upon your heart, [O Muhammad]—so that you may be among the warners.” (Qur’an 26:193–194)
Jibreel therefore played a central role in conveying Allah’s revelation to His prophets.
Mika’eel (Michael), peace be upon him
Mika’eel is named in the Qur’an among the angels of Allah.
Allah says:
“Whoever is an enemy of Allah and His angels and His messengers and Gabriel and Michael—then indeed, Allah is an enemy to the disbelievers.” (Qur’an 2:98)
Some traditional Islamic sources associate Mika’eel with matters such as rain and vegetation. Muslims should distinguish between what is explicitly established by authentic revelation and later descriptions found in Islamic literature.
Israfeel, peace be upon him
Israfeel is traditionally identified as the angel who will blow the Trumpet by Allah’s command, signalling the events surrounding the Resurrection.
The Qur’an says:
“And the Trumpet will be blown, and whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth will fall unconscious, except whom Allah wills.” (Qur’an 39:68)
The blowing of the Trumpet is connected with the end of the present world and the beginning of the events of the Hereafter.
The Angel of Death
Islam teaches that Allah has appointed an angel responsible for taking the souls of people when their appointed time of death arrives.
Allah says:
“Say, ‘The angel of death who has been entrusted with you will take your souls. Then to your Lord you will be returned.’” (Qur’an 32:11)
The Qur’an refers to him as the Angel of Death. The name “Azra’il” is widely used in popular culture, but it is not established by the Qur’an or an authentic Hadith.
Munkar and Nakir
Islamic tradition teaches that two angels question the deceased in the grave about their Lord, their religion, and their prophet. Their questioning is part of the events of Barzakh, the intermediate stage between death and resurrection.
The details concerning the questioning of the deceased are established through authentic Hadith.
5. Angels Who Record Our Deeds
One of the most important roles of angels in relation to human beings is recording our deeds and words. The Qur’an refers to these angels as “noble recorders” (Kirāman Kātibīn).
Allah says:
“And indeed, appointed over you are keepers, noble and recording; they know whatever you do.” (Qur’an 82:10–12)
Allah also says:
“When the two receivers receive, seated on the right and on the left. He does not utter any word except that with him is an observer prepared [to record].” (Qur’an 50:17–18)
Muslims therefore believe that their actions are not forgotten.
Good deeds, words, and actions are recorded, while sins are also recorded. This belief encourages Muslims to remain conscious of Allah even when nobody else is watching.
The awareness that every action matters is an important part of Islamic accountability.
6. Angels Who Guard and Protect
Allah also describes angels who are appointed to guard people by His command.
Allah says:
“For each person there are successive angels before and behind him, protecting him by the command of Allah.” (Qur’an 13:11)
This does not mean that human beings are protected from every difficulty or harm. Muslims believe that everything ultimately occurs according to Allah’s decree.
Rather, angels carry out the duties Allah has assigned to them, and their protection takes place according to His wisdom and command.
7. Angels Pray for Believers
Angels also seek forgiveness for believing servants of Allah.
Allah says that the angels who carry the Throne and those around it ask Him to forgive the believers. (Qur’an 40:7)
This is a beautiful reminder that the unseen world is not disconnected from human beings. Angels worship Allah and, by His permission, seek forgiveness for believers.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also taught that angels attend gatherings where Allah is remembered and seek Allah’s mercy for those who participate in them.
8. Angels and the Revelation of the Qur’an
The connection between angels and revelation is particularly important.
Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the final revelation of Allah, and Jibreel (Gabriel), peace be upon him, was the angel who conveyed it to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Allah says:
“Say, whoever is an enemy to Gabriel—it is he who has brought the Qur’an down upon your heart by permission of Allah.” (Qur’an 2:97)
This demonstrates the important role of angels in Allah’s communication with His prophets.
However, Muslims do not worship Jibreel or any other angel. An angel is a servant carrying out Allah’s command.
9. Do Muslims Worship Angels?
Absolutely not.
Islam teaches that worship belongs exclusively to Allah.
Angels themselves are servants of Allah and do not possess any share of His divinity.
Allah says:
“Nor would he command you to take the angels and prophets as lords.” (Qur’an 3:80)
This is an important distinction between Islam and beliefs that treat angels as independent divine beings, gods, or objects of worship.
Muslims respect the angels because Allah has honoured them, but they worship Allah alone.
10. Why Does Belief in Angels Matter?
Belief in angels is not simply knowledge about an unseen creation. It has a practical effect on the life of a Muslim.
Knowing that angels are constantly worshipping Allah encourages Muslims to increase their own worship.
Knowing that deeds are recorded encourages responsibility and good character.
Knowing that angels seek forgiveness for believers gives hope and comfort.
Knowing that Allah has appointed angels to carry out His commands strengthens a Muslim’s awareness of the greatness, wisdom, and order of Allah’s creation.
Most importantly, belief in angels teaches Muslims that reality is greater than what can be seen and measured by the human senses.
Islam teaches that the visible world is only part of Allah’s creation.
Conclusion
Angels are an essential part of Islamic belief. They are noble servants of Allah, created from light and entrusted with many duties throughout creation.
They convey revelation, worship Allah, record human deeds, take souls at their appointed times, carry out Allah’s commands, and perform many other duties known only to Him.
For Muslims, belief in angels strengthens faith in the unseen and reminds them that every human being lives under the knowledge and authority of Allah.
The Qur’an summarises the importance of this belief:
“The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and so have the believers. They all believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, and His messengers.” (Qur’an 2:285)
Belief in angels is therefore not a minor part of Islam. It is one of the foundations of Muslim faith and an important part of understanding the unseen world described by Allah and His Messenger ﷺ.
Key Takeaway
Angels are honoured servants of Allah who worship Him and carry out the duties He has given them. They convey revelation to the prophets, record human deeds, and perform many other tasks by Allah’s command.
For Muslims, belief in angels strengthens faith in the unseen and reminds us that Allah’s creation is far greater and more magnificent than what we can perceive.
Belief in angels is not merely belief in unseen beings—it is part of trusting the revelation of Allah and accepting the reality of the world beyond what we can see.
25. Why Do Muslims Pray?
25. Why Do Muslims Pray?
Introduction
Prayer is one of the most visible and important acts of worship in Islam. Five times each day, millions of Muslims around the world pause their daily activities and turn towards Allah in prayer.
To some people, prayer may appear to be a ritual performed out of habit or obligation. However, for Muslims, prayer is much more than a routine. It is a direct connection with the Creator, a source of guidance, peace, and spiritual strength.
Prayer is not simply something Muslims do—it is at the heart of their relationship with Allah. Through prayer, they express gratitude, seek forgiveness, ask for guidance, and renew their faith throughout the day.
Prayer Is a Command from Allah
Muslims pray because Allah has commanded them to do so.
Throughout the Qur'an, believers are instructed to establish prayer and remember their Creator.
Allah says:
"Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity worthy of worship except Me, so worship Me and establish prayer for My remembrance." (Qur'an 20:14)
Prayer is therefore an act of worship, obedience, gratitude, and devotion directed to Allah alone.
A Direct Connection with the Creator
One of the unique aspects of Islam is that every person can pray directly to Allah without any intermediary.
There is no need for a priest, saint, or any other person to act as a mediator between the worshipper and the Creator.
Muslims believe that Allah hears every prayer, knows every thought, and is closer to a person than anyone else.
Through prayer, believers speak directly to their Lord, seek His guidance, ask for forgiveness, and thank Him for His countless blessings.
This direct relationship with Allah gives prayer a deeply personal and comforting meaning.
Prayer Brings Peace and Comfort
Life is often filled with stress, worries, responsibilities, and uncertainty.
Prayer provides an opportunity to pause, step away from the distractions of daily life, and remember Allah.
The Qur'an teaches:
"Indeed, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest." (Qur'an 13:28)
For Muslims, prayer brings comfort during times of hardship, gratitude during times of ease, and reassurance that Allah is always aware of their circumstances.
Prayer Strengthens Faith
Just as the body requires food and water to survive, the soul requires spiritual nourishment.
The five daily prayers help Muslims maintain a strong relationship with Allah throughout the day rather than remembering Him only occasionally.
Each prayer serves as a reminder of life's true purpose and provides regular moments to renew faith, seek forgiveness, and refocus on what truly matters.
In this way, the daily prayers help believers return to Allah repeatedly throughout the day with renewed sincerity and purpose.
Prayer Encourages Good Character
Islam teaches that prayer should have a positive effect on a person's behaviour.
Allah says:
"Indeed, prayer restrains from immorality and wrongdoing." (Qur'an 29:45)
Standing before Allah five times each day reminds believers to be honest, patient, humble, grateful, and kind towards others.
Prayer is therefore not merely a physical act of worship—it is intended to transform both the heart and the character of the believer.
Following the Example of the Prophets
Muslims believe that all of Allah's prophets worshipped and prayed to Him.
The Qur'an mentions the prayers of many prophets, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all).
The Bible also describes Jesus praying to God:
"And going a little farther he fell on his face and prayed." (Matthew 26:39)
For Muslims, this demonstrates that prayer has always been a central part of the lives of Allah's prophets. The prayers performed by Muslims today are therefore seen as a continuation of the worship practised by the prophets throughout history.
Why Do Muslims Pray Five Times a Day?
Muslims perform five daily prayers at specific times:
Fajr (before sunrise)
Dhuhr (midday)
Asr (afternoon)
Maghrib (just after sunset)
Isha (night)
These prayers keep Allah at the centre of a Muslim's daily life.
Rather than remembering God only once a week or only during times of difficulty, Muslims reconnect with their Creator throughout the day. Each prayer provides an opportunity to pause, leave behind the distractions of worldly life, and renew one's faith and trust in Allah.
For many Muslims, these regular moments of worship bring balance to daily life, helping them return to their responsibilities with renewed focus, gratitude, and peace of mind.
Preparing for Prayer (Wudu)
Before offering prayer, Muslims perform Wudu (ablution), a simple act of ritual purification.
This involves washing the hands, mouth, nose, face, arms, wiping the head, and washing the feet.
Wudu is not merely about physical cleanliness. It symbolises spiritual preparation, reminding Muslims that they are about to stand before their Creator with humility, purity, and sincerity.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"When a Muslim (or believer) washes his face (during Wudu), every sin he committed with his eyes is washed away... until he comes out purified from sins." (Sahih Muslim)
The Physical Actions of Prayer
Islamic prayer involves standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting.
These movements are not random; each expresses humility, devotion, and submission before Allah.
The position of prostration (Sujood), where the forehead touches the ground, is regarded as one of the closest moments between a servant and their Lord.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The closest a servant comes to his Lord is while he is prostrating, so increase your supplications." (Sahih Muslim)
Through these acts, Muslims acknowledge that all power belongs to Allah and that every human being depends entirely upon Him.
Prayer Creates Equality
One of the remarkable features of Islamic prayer is that it brings people together regardless of their background.
When Muslims stand side by side in prayer, differences of wealth, race, nationality, language, and social status disappear.
A wealthy person stands beside someone with very little.
A leader stands beside an ordinary worker.
People from every background face the same direction, worship the same Creator, and recite the same words.
This reflects the Islamic teaching that all people are equal before Allah and that true honour comes through faith and righteousness—not wealth, race, or social status.
Prayer Prepares Us for the Hereafter
Islam teaches that this worldly life is temporary and that every person will one day return to Allah.
Prayer serves as a constant reminder of this reality.
By regularly standing before their Creator, Muslims are reminded that worldly success is not life's ultimate goal. True success lies in pleasing Allah and preparing for the eternal life to come.
Prayer therefore helps believers keep both this life and the Hereafter in their proper perspective.
Conclusion
Muslims pray because Allah created them, provides for them, and alone deserves their worship.
Prayer is far more than a religious ritual. It is a direct connection with the Creator, a source of peace, guidance, forgiveness, and spiritual strength.
It nurtures faith, develops good character, encourages gratitude, and reminds believers of their purpose in life. Through the five daily prayers, Muslims continually renew their relationship with Allah and seek His guidance in every stage of their lives.
For Muslims, prayer is one of the greatest blessings that Allah has given humanity—a daily opportunity to remember Him, seek His mercy, and draw closer to Him.
Allah says:
"Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity worthy of worship except Me, so worship Me and establish prayer for My remembrance." (Qur'an 20:14)
26. Charity in Islam (Zakah and Sadaqah)
26. Charity in Islam (Zakah and Sadaqah)
Introduction
Charity is one of the fundamental principles of Islam. It reflects compassion, generosity, gratitude, and concern for the well-being of others. Muslims believe that all wealth ultimately belongs to Allah and that people are entrusted with it as a responsibility.
Giving charity is therefore not only an act of kindness towards others but also an act of worship that brings a person closer to Allah.
Allah says:
"And establish prayer and give Zakah, and whatever good you put forward for yourselves—you will find it with Allah." (Qur'an 2:110)
What Is Zakah?
Zakah is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is an obligatory form of charity for Muslims whose wealth reaches a minimum threshold (known as the Nisab).
Each year, eligible Muslims give 2.5% of their qualifying savings to those who are entitled to receive it.
The purposes of Zakah include:
Supporting the poor and those in need.
Reducing poverty and hardship.
Purifying a person's wealth.
Encouraging gratitude and generosity.
Strengthening the bonds of society.
Allah says:
"Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase." (Qur'an 9:103)
Zakah reminds Muslims that wealth is a trust from Allah and that those who have been blessed should care for those who are less fortunate.
What Is Sadaqah?
While Zakah is obligatory, Sadaqah refers to voluntary charity that may be given at any time.
Sadaqah is not limited to giving money. It includes every act of kindness performed sincerely for the sake of Allah.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Every act of kindness is charity." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Examples of Sadaqah include:
Helping someone in need.
Feeding the hungry.
Visiting the sick.
Supporting an orphan.
Sharing beneficial knowledge.
Smiling at others.
Removing something harmful from a road.
Islam teaches that even the smallest act of kindness, when done sincerely, is valued and rewarded by Allah.
Caring for Those in Need
Islam places great emphasis on caring for those who are struggling.
Throughout the Qur'an, believers are encouraged to support:
The poor.
Orphans.
Widows.
Travellers in need.
Those facing hardship.
Allah says:
"They give food, despite their own love for it, to the poor, the orphan, and the captive." (Qur'an 76:8)
Charity should always be given sincerely, seeking the pleasure of Allah rather than the praise of people.
Charity Benefits the Giver
While charity benefits those who receive it, Islam also teaches that it greatly benefits the one who gives.
Giving charity:
Develops gratitude.
Reduces selfishness.
Purifies the heart.
Strengthens compassion.
Brings blessings into one's life.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Charity does not decrease wealth." (Sahih Muslim)
Muslims believe that whatever is given sincerely for Allah's sake is never truly lost. Rather, Allah blesses it and rewards the giver in this life and the Hereafter.
Charity Beyond Wealth
Not everyone has wealth to give, but everyone has the opportunity to do good.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that a kind word, offering guidance, helping someone carry a burden, or even greeting others with peace can all be rewarded as acts of charity.
He also said:
"When a person dies, all of his deeds come to an end except three: ongoing charity (Sadaqah Jariyah), beneficial knowledge, or a righteous child who prays for him." (Sahih Muslim)
This teaches that some acts of charity continue benefiting others long after a person has passed away.
A Community Built on Compassion
Islam encourages Muslims to care not only for their families but also for neighbours, friends, and even strangers.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was renowned for his generosity and compassion. He cared for the poor, helped those in difficulty, and encouraged his followers to do the same.
When people willingly support one another, society becomes stronger, fairer, and more united.
Charity therefore benefits both individuals and entire communities.
Conclusion
Charity lies at the heart of Islamic teaching.
Through Zakah, Muslims fulfil an important religious obligation by helping those in need and supporting the wellbeing of society. Through Sadaqah, they are encouraged to perform acts of kindness every day, whether by giving wealth, offering assistance, sharing knowledge, or simply treating others with compassion and respect.
Islam teaches that true success is not measured by how much a person owns, but by how they use their blessings to benefit others.
By giving generously and caring for those in need, Muslims seek the pleasure of Allah while helping to build a more just, compassionate, and caring society.
Allah says:
"Whatever good you spend is for your own good, provided you do so seeking the pleasure of Allah." (Qur'an 2:272)
27. Why Do Muslims Fast During Ramadan?
27. Why Do Muslims Fast During Ramadan?
Introduction
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and one of the holiest months in Islam. Every year, millions of Muslims around the world fast from dawn until sunset, abstaining from food, drink, and marital relations during the daylight hours.
To many people, fasting may appear to be simply going without food and drink. In reality, Ramadan is far more than that. It is a month of worship, self-discipline, spiritual renewal, gratitude, and drawing closer to Allah.
Fasting during Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is an obligation upon every healthy adult Muslim.
Allah says:
"O you who believe! Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may become mindful of Allah (have taqwa)." (Qur'an 2:183)
This verse explains the primary purpose of fasting: to develop taqwa—a deep awareness of Allah that inspires a believer to obey Him, avoid sin, and live a life pleasing to Him.
Fasting Is an Act of Worship
Muslims do not fast primarily for health benefits, weight loss, or cultural tradition. They fast because Allah has commanded it.
Each day begins before dawn with a pre-dawn meal called Suhoor, and the fast is broken at sunset with Iftar, following the example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Every hour spent fasting sincerely for Allah's sake is an act of worship.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Allah says: 'Every deed of the son of Adam is for him except fasting; it is for Me, and I alone will reward it.'" (Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim)
This Hadith Qudsi highlights the unique status of fasting among all acts of worship.
A Month of Self-Control
One of Ramadan's greatest lessons is learning self-control.
For many hours each day, Muslims willingly refrain from things that are normally lawful, such as eating and drinking, simply because Allah has asked them to.
If a person can discipline these natural desires, they can also learn to control anger, avoid lying, gossip, backbiting, arrogance, and other harmful behaviours.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"Fasting is a shield." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Just as a shield protects a person in battle, fasting protects the believer from sin and strengthens their ability to resist temptation.
Ramadan is therefore not merely about hunger—it is a month of training the heart, mind, and character.
Spiritual Renewal
Ramadan is a special opportunity to renew one's relationship with Allah.
Muslims devote more time to worship by:
Reading and reflecting on the Qur'an
Performing additional voluntary prayers
Remembering Allah (Dhikr)
Making sincere supplication (Du'a)
Seeking forgiveness
Giving charity
Helping others
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"Whoever fasts Ramadan with faith and seeking Allah's reward will have all his previous sins forgiven." (Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim)
For many believers, Ramadan becomes a turning point—a chance to leave behind bad habits and begin a better way of life.
Gratitude for Allah's Blessings
Experiencing hunger and thirst reminds Muslims not to take Allah's blessings for granted.
Simple things such as clean water, food, health, and security become more deeply appreciated.
Allah says:
"If you are grateful, I will surely increase you." (Qur'an 14:7)
Ramadan teaches gratitude by reminding people that countless blessings are gifts from Allah.
Compassion for Others
By experiencing hunger themselves, Muslims gain a greater appreciation for the struggles faced by millions of people living with poverty and food insecurity.
This encourages greater generosity throughout the month.
Many Muslims increase their charity by feeding the poor, supporting orphans, helping neighbours, donating to humanitarian causes, and providing meals for those breaking their fast.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was especially generous during Ramadan, inspiring Muslims to follow his example.
Ramadan reminds believers that true worship is reflected not only in devotion to Allah but also in compassion for His creation.
The Month of the Qur'an
Ramadan holds special significance because it was during this blessed month that Allah began revealing the Qur'an to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Allah says:
"The month of Ramadan is the month in which the Qur'an was revealed as guidance for mankind, with clear proofs of guidance and the criterion between right and wrong."
(Qur'an 2:185)
For this reason, Muslims devote much of Ramadan to reading, studying, and reflecting upon the Qur'an.
Many aim to complete the entire Qur'an during the month, while mosques hold special nightly prayers known as Tarawih, during which large portions of the Qur'an are recited.
More Than Abstaining from Food
Islam teaches that true fasting involves much more than avoiding food and drink.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"Whoever does not give up false speech and evil actions, Allah has no need of him giving up his food and drink." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
A Muslim therefore strives to avoid lying, backbiting, gossip, cheating, foul language, arguments, and all forms of sinful behaviour.
Fasting is intended to transform both behaviour and character—not merely eating habits.
A Month of Mercy and Forgiveness
Ramadan is one of the greatest opportunities to seek Allah's mercy and forgiveness.
Among its final ten nights is Laylat al-Qadr (The Night of Decree), which Allah describes as:
"Better than a thousand months." (Qur'an 97:3)
Because of its immense blessings, Muslims increase their prayers, Qur'an recitation, remembrance of Allah, and supplication during these final nights.
Islam Is a Religion of Mercy
Although fasting is obligatory, Islam does not impose hardship.
Those who are genuinely unable to fast—such as the sick, the elderly, travellers, pregnant or nursing women, and women during menstruation—are excused according to Islamic law. Depending on their circumstances, they may make up the missed fasts later or provide food for those in need.
This reflects the mercy and practicality of Islamic teachings.
A Lasting Change
Ramadan is not intended to change a person for only one month.
Rather, it is a training programme that helps believers continue living with greater faith, patience, honesty, gratitude, and self-control throughout the rest of the year.
The habits developed during Ramadan should strengthen family life, improve relationships, increase generosity, and deepen one's relationship with Allah.
Conclusion
Ramadan is far more than abstaining from food and drink. It is a month of worship, reflection, gratitude, generosity, forgiveness, and spiritual growth.
Through fasting, Muslims strengthen their relationship with Allah, discipline their desires, care for those in need, and renew their commitment to living according to His guidance.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Whoever fasts Ramadan with faith and seeking Allah's reward, all his previous sins will be forgiven." (Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim)
For Muslims, Ramadan is a precious opportunity to cleanse the heart, seek Allah's forgiveness, increase good deeds, and prepare for the life to come. It serves as an annual reminder that true success lies not in worldly possessions, but in drawing closer to the Creator.
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28. Hajj: The Pilgrimage to Makkah
28. Hajj: The Pilgrimage to Makkah
Introduction
Hajj is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and one of the greatest acts of worship in a Muslim's life. Every Muslim who is physically, financially, and medically able is required to perform Hajj at least once in their lifetime.
Each year, millions of Muslims from every race, nationality, language, and culture travel to the holy city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia. They gather for one purpose alone: to worship Allah, seek His forgiveness, and renew their commitment to Him.
Allah says:
"Pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to Allah by all people who are able to undertake it. And whoever disbelieves, then indeed Allah is free from need of all the worlds." (Qur'an 3:97)
For Muslims, Hajj is far more than a journey to a sacred place. It is a profound spiritual experience that transforms the heart and reminds believers of their purpose in life.
What Is Hajj?
Hajj is the annual pilgrimage to the Ka'bah, the Sacred House in Makkah. It takes place each year during the Islamic month of Dhul-Hijjah, from the 8th to the 13th of the month.
Muslims do not worship the Ka'bah itself. Rather, it serves as the Qiblah—the direction towards which Muslims around the world pray—symbolising the unity of believers in the worship of the One True God.
Who Built the Ka'bah?
Muslims believe that the Ka'bah was built for the worship of Allah by Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Prophet Isma'il (Ishmael), peace be upon them.
Allah says:
"And when Abraham and Ishmael were raising the foundations of the House, they prayed: 'Our Lord, accept this from us. Indeed, You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.'" (Qur'an 2:127)
After completing its construction, Prophet Ibrahim was commanded to call people to pilgrimage.
Throughout history, many prophets honoured this sacred sanctuary. Centuries later, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ restored the Ka'bah to the worship of Allah alone by removing the idols that had been placed within it.
Today, Muslims continue this tradition established by Prophet Ibrahim thousands of years ago.
Why Do Muslims Perform Hajj?
Hajj is much more than a physical journey. It is a journey of faith, obedience, repentance, humility, and spiritual renewal.
Every stage of the pilgrimage reminds Muslims of the remarkable devotion shown by Prophet Ibrahim, his wife Hajar, and their son Isma'il, who placed complete trust in Allah even during the greatest trials.
Their lives continue to teach believers timeless lessons about faith, patience, sacrifice, gratitude, and reliance upon Allah.
The Main Rituals of Hajj
Although Hajj consists of several acts of worship performed over a number of days, each ritual carries a profound spiritual meaning.
1. Entering Ihram
Pilgrims enter a sacred state known as Ihram, making the intention for Hajj and wearing simple white garments. This removes outward signs of wealth and status, reminding everyone that all people are equal before Allah.
2. Tawaf and Sa'i
Pilgrims perform Tawaf, circling the Ka'bah seven times in worship of Allah.
They then perform Sa'i, walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah, following the footsteps of Hajar as she searched desperately for water for her infant son, Isma'il. Allah answered her trust by causing the blessed Well of Zamzam to spring forth—a well that continues to provide water to millions of pilgrims today.
3. The Day of Arafah
Pilgrims gather on the Plain of Arafah in prayer and supplication. This is the most important day of Hajj, during which Muslims stand before Allah seeking His mercy and forgiveness.
4. Muzdalifah and Mina
Pilgrims spend the night at Muzdalifah before travelling to Mina, where they throw pebbles at the stone pillars (Rami al-Jamarat), symbolising Prophet Ibrahim's rejection of Satan's temptation.
They also offer the sacrificial animal, commemorating Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his beloved son in obedience to Allah before Allah replaced him with a ram.
5. Farewell Tawaf
Before leaving Makkah, pilgrims perform a final circuit around the Ka'bah, known as the Farewell Tawaf, completing one of the most memorable journeys of their lives.
Every stage of Hajj reminds Muslims that true success lies in complete submission to Allah and sincere obedience to His commands.
A Lesson in Equality
One of the most powerful lessons of Hajj is that all people are equal before Allah.
Pilgrims wear simple white garments called Ihram, setting aside outward signs of wealth, status, nationality, and social position. Kings and labourers, scholars and students, rich and poor all stand side by side as equals before their Creator.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"No Arab has superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have superiority over an Arab; neither does a white person have superiority over a black person, nor a black person over a white person, except through righteousness."
Hajj powerfully demonstrates the universal brotherhood and sisterhood of Islam, teaching that a person's true honour is measured not by race, wealth, or position, but by faith and righteous character.
Millions United in Worship
Every year, millions of Muslims from almost every country on earth gather in Makkah. They speak different languages, come from diverse cultures, and have different backgrounds, yet they move together in worship with remarkable unity.
One of the most awe-inspiring moments is the gathering on the Plain of Arafah, where a vast sea of pilgrims dressed in white stands together in prayer and supplication. It is one of the largest peaceful annual gatherings in the world and serves as a powerful reminder that humanity is one family under the worship of the One True God.
Despite every worldly difference, all pilgrims face the same direction, recite the same prayers, and seek the same mercy from Allah.
A Journey of Forgiveness
Hajj is one of the greatest opportunities for a believer to seek Allah's mercy and forgiveness.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Whoever performs Hajj for the sake of Allah and avoids sinful speech and wrongdoing will return as free from sin as the day his mother gave birth to him." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
For many Muslims, Hajj becomes the most life-changing experience of their lives. It renews faith, softens the heart, strengthens repentance, and inspires a lifelong commitment to worshipping Allah.
A Reminder of the Hereafter
The sight of millions of pilgrims dressed alike, standing together before Allah, reminds Muslims of the Day of Judgement, when every person will stand before their Creator to answer for their deeds.
Hajj encourages believers to reflect on the temporary nature of this world and to prepare for the eternal life to come through sincere faith, righteous deeds, and repentance.
It reminds Muslims that worldly possessions, titles, and achievements will one day be left behind, while faith and good deeds are what truly endure.
Conclusion
Hajj is far more than a journey to a sacred place. It is a journey of faith, humility, repentance, and complete submission to Allah.
It connects Muslims with the legacy of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), Hajar, Isma'il, and Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, whose unwavering devotion continues to inspire believers today. Every step of the pilgrimage teaches trust in Allah, patience during hardship, gratitude for His blessings, and compassion towards others.
Above all, Hajj reminds Muslims that all people are equal before their Creator and that the greatest honour is righteousness.
For every Muslim who is physically, financially, and medically able, Hajj is a once-in-a-lifetime obligation and one of the greatest opportunities to seek Allah's mercy and forgiveness.
We pray that Allah grants every Muslim the opportunity to visit His Sacred House, accepts their Hajj, forgives their sins, and allows us all to benefit from its timeless lessons in our daily lives.
Ameen.
29. Women in Islam
29. Women in Islam
From daughters to mothers, from scholars to community leaders, Islam honours women with dignity, rights, responsibilities, and spiritual equality before Allah.
Introduction
The status of women in Islam is one of the most widely discussed—and often misunderstood—subjects today. While certain cultural practices are sometimes wrongly attributed to Islam, the teachings of the Noble Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ present a clear framework that honours women with dignity, justice, and respect.
More than fourteen centuries ago, Islam established rights for women that were remarkable for their time. These included the right to own property, inherit wealth, choose a spouse, receive a marriage gift (Mahr), seek knowledge, conduct business, and retain independent legal and financial identity.
At a time when women in many societies were denied basic rights and, in some places, even treated as property, Islam condemned injustice and elevated the status of women. One of the clearest examples was its abolition of female infanticide, a practice that existed in parts of pre-Islamic Arabia.
Allah says:
"And when the girl who was buried alive is asked, for what sin she was killed." (Qur'an 81:8–9)
Islam teaches that men and women are equal in their humanity, accountability before Allah, and ability to attain His pleasure, while recognising that they may have different but complementary roles and responsibilities within family and society. These roles are intended to promote cooperation and harmony rather than superiority or inequality.
This article provides an overview of the position of women in Islam based on the Qur'an and the authentic teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Spiritual Equality Before Allah
Islam teaches that every human being is created by Allah and judged according to faith and righteous deeds—not gender, race, wealth, or social status.
Allah says:
"Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and believing women, the obedient men and obedient women, the truthful men and truthful women, the patient men and patient women, the humble men and humble women, the charitable men and charitable women, the fasting men and fasting women, the men who guard their chastity and the women who do so, and the men who remember Allah often and the women who remember Him—Allah has prepared for them forgiveness and a great reward." (Qur'an 33:35)
Allah also says:
"Whoever does righteousness, whether male or female, while being a believer, We will surely grant them a good life, and We will surely reward them according to the best of what they used to do." (Qur'an 16:97)
The standard by which Allah judges people is righteousness.
Allah says:
"Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you." (Qur'an 49:13)
Every person has equal access to Allah's mercy, forgiveness, and reward.
Women and Human Dignity
Islam honours women in every stage of life—as daughters, sisters, wives, mothers, and valued members of society.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ consistently taught kindness, respect, and compassion towards women, both through his words and his own example.
Marriage, family life, and society are to be built upon mercy, justice, and good character, not oppression or abuse.
Throughout his life, the Prophet ﷺ demonstrated patience, consultation, gentleness, and respect in his dealings with women, making him the finest example for Muslims to follow.
The Honour of Mothers
Among all human relationships, Islam gives exceptional honour to mothers.
A man once asked the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ:
"Who is most deserving of my good companionship?"
The Prophet ﷺ replied:
"Your mother."
The man asked:
"Then who?"
The Prophet ﷺ replied:
"Your mother."
He asked again:
"Then who?"
The Prophet ﷺ replied:
"Your mother."
When he asked a fourth time, the Prophet ﷺ answered:
"Then your father."
(Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
This famous narration illustrates the immense respect owed to mothers because of their love, sacrifice, care, and dedication.
The Prophet ﷺ also said:
"Paradise lies beneath the feet of mothers." (Reported by Ahmad and An-Nasa'i)
Honouring parents—especially mothers—is among the greatest acts of worship in Islam.
The Honour of Daughters
Before Islam, daughters were often viewed as a burden in many societies, and in parts of Arabia some were even buried alive.
Islam categorically condemned this injustice and transformed attitudes towards daughters by teaching that raising them with love and care is a source of immense reward.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Whoever has three daughters, is patient with them, feeds them, gives them drink, and clothes them from his wealth, they will be a shield for him from the Fire on the Day of Resurrection." (Ibn Majah)
In another authentic narration, he said:
"Whoever has two daughters and treats them kindly until they reach maturity, he and I will come on the Day of Resurrection like this," and he joined his fingers together. (Sahih Muslim)
These teachings completely changed how daughters were viewed, encouraging parents to raise them with love, education, kindness, and dignity.
Women's Rights in Islam
More than fourteen centuries ago, Islam established rights for women that were unprecedented in many parts of the world.
Islam grants women the right to:
Own and manage property.
Inherit wealth.
Receive and keep their marriage gift (Mahr).
Choose a spouse and refuse a marriage proposal.
Seek education and beneficial knowledge.
Conduct business and earn income.
Seek justice and legal protection.
Allah says:
"And for women are rights similar to those upon them according to what is fair." (Qur'an 2:228)
He also says:
"For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned." (Qur'an 4:32)
These rights were established centuries before many became recognised in numerous other legal systems.
The Right to Education
Islam encourages the pursuit of knowledge for every believer.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Seeking knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim." (Ibn Majah)
Throughout Islamic history, women have served as scholars, teachers, jurists, narrators of Hadith, benefactors, and educators.
Among the greatest scholars was Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet ﷺ. She narrated more than two thousand Hadith and became one of the foremost authorities in Islamic law and theology. Many of the Prophet's Companions and later scholars learned directly from her.
Another remarkable example is Fatimah al-Fihri, who founded Al-Qarawiyyin in Morocco in 859 CE, recognised by many historians as the world's oldest continuously operating university.
These examples demonstrate that women have played a vital role in preserving Islamic knowledge and contributing to education throughout history.
Islam therefore encourages women, just as it encourages men, to seek beneficial knowledge and use it to benefit society.
Financial Rights and Independence
One of the distinctive features of Islamic law is that a woman has her own independent legal and financial identity.
She has the right to:
Own property.
Earn an income.
Conduct business.
Buy and sell assets.
Inherit wealth.
Receive and keep her Mahr.
Everything a woman owns remains exclusively hers. Neither her husband nor any other person has the right to take her wealth without her consent.
Likewise, a married woman is not required to spend her personal wealth on household expenses. The financial responsibility for providing food, clothing, accommodation, and family maintenance rests upon the husband according to his ability, while whatever belongs to the wife remains her own unless she freely chooses to contribute.
The first wife of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (may Allah be pleased with her), was a respected and successful businesswoman whose life demonstrates that women have long had the right to own wealth, manage businesses, and contribute to society.
Marriage in Islam
Marriage in Islam is a sacred covenant built upon faith, mutual respect, mercy, compassion, and cooperation. It is far more than a legal contract; it is a partnership in which both husband and wife have rights and responsibilities and are encouraged to support one another in worshipping Allah and building a strong family.
Allah says:
"And among His signs is that He created for you spouses from among yourselves that you may find tranquillity in them; and He placed between you affection and mercy. Indeed, in that are signs for people who reflect." (Qur'an 30:21)
Islam teaches that marriage should be founded upon love, kindness, trust, and mutual respect.
A Woman's Consent
One of the fundamental principles of Islamic marriage is that a woman cannot be forced into marriage. Her free consent is essential, and the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ invalidated marriages that had taken place without the woman's approval.
Islam also grants every bride the right to receive a Mahr (marriage gift) from her husband. This gift belongs entirely to her and remains her personal property.
Her Identity and Independence
Islam allows a woman to maintain her own identity after marriage. She is not required to change her family name, as preserving her lineage reflects her independent legal identity and family heritage.
Likewise, she retains full ownership of her wealth, property, and personal assets. Marriage does not remove her financial independence.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The best of you are those who are best to their wives, and I am the best of you to my wives." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
This statement established the standard by which Muslim husbands should measure themselves: kindness, mercy, and good character.
Modesty and the Hijab
Modesty is a central value in Islam and applies to both men and women.
The Qur'an first commands believing men:
"Tell the believing men to lower their gaze and guard their chastity..." (Qur'an 24:30)
It then gives a similar command to believing women:
"And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their chastity and not display their adornment except what ordinarily appears thereof..." (Qur'an 24:31)
This sequence reminds readers that modesty is a shared responsibility.
For Muslim women who choose to observe it in accordance with Islamic teachings, the hijab is an expression of faith, modesty, dignity, and obedience to Allah. It is not intended to diminish a woman's worth or limit her contribution to society. Rather, Islam teaches that a person's true value lies in their faith, character, and conduct.
The concept of modest dress is not unique to Islam. Throughout history, many religious traditions encouraged modest clothing and head coverings. Depictions of Mary (Maryam), the mother of Jesus (peace be upon him), commonly show her wearing a head covering as a symbol of modesty and devotion to God. Similar practices have also existed within Jewish and Christian traditions.
For many Muslim women today, wearing the hijab is a personal act of worship and a visible expression of their commitment to Allah while continuing to study, work, teach, serve their communities, and contribute positively to society.
Women in Family and Society
Islam recognises the invaluable role women play within both the family and the wider community.
Women are encouraged to contribute through education, teaching, business, healthcare, charitable work, community service, and raising future generations with good character and faith.
The wives of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and many female Companions actively contributed to scholarship, education, public welfare, and the preservation of Islamic knowledge.
Throughout Islamic history, Muslim women have served as:
Scholars
Teachers
Hadith narrators
Jurists
Business owners
Physicians
Benefactors
Community leaders
Islam values these contributions while also recognising the importance of strong family life as one of the foundations of a healthy society.
Dignity and Protection from Harm
Islam strictly forbids oppression, injustice, and abuse.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ repeatedly instructed Muslims to treat women with kindness and compassion.
He said:
"Fear Allah concerning women." (Sahih Muslim)
Emotional, physical, psychological, financial, or verbal abuse has no place in the teachings of Islam.
Every Muslim is required to uphold justice, mercy, and respect in their dealings with others. Any behaviour that violates these principles reflects human wrongdoing—not the teachings of Islam.
Common Questions
Does Islam Oppress Women?
No.
Islam teaches that women are honoured, respected, and accountable before Allah just as men are.
Many practices wrongly associated with Islam are actually rooted in local customs, cultural traditions, or individual behaviour rather than authentic Islamic teachings.
For this reason, Islam should be judged by its primary sources—the Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah—not by the actions of those who fail to follow them.
Are Men and Women Equal in Islam?
Islam teaches that men and women are equal in their humanity, spiritual worth, and accountability before Allah.
Allah says:
"Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you." (Qur'an 49:13)
At the same time, Islam recognises that men and women may have certain different responsibilities within family life. These responsibilities are intended to be complementary rather than competitive, with each supporting the other in building a stable family and society.
Islam does not teach that one gender is inherently superior to the other.
Can Women Own Property and Wealth?
Yes.
Islam grants women the right to own, inherit, buy, sell, invest, manage, and dispose of their wealth independently.
Their property remains exclusively theirs and cannot be taken without their permission.
The Example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
The life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the clearest example of how Islam teaches women should be treated.
He showed kindness to his wives, consulted them on important matters, listened to their opinions, taught them directly, and encouraged women to seek knowledge and participate in community life.
His noble character earned him the praise of Allah:
"And indeed, you are surely of an exalted standard of character." (Qur'an 68:4)
For Muslims, his example remains the model for family life, leadership, compassion, justice, and respect.
Conclusion
Islam honours women as daughters, sisters, wives, mothers, scholars, professionals, and valued members of society. Through the guidance of the Qur'an and the example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, women are granted dignity, rights, responsibilities, and the opportunity to attain the highest levels of faith and righteousness.
Understanding women in Islam requires looking at its authentic teachings rather than judging the religion by cultural practices, stereotypes, or the actions of individuals who may not represent it correctly.
Throughout Islamic history, women have preserved knowledge, established educational institutions, conducted business, contributed to charitable work, advised rulers, nurtured families, and served their communities with distinction. Their achievements reflect the opportunities that Islam provides when its teachings are understood and practised correctly.
Ultimately, Islam calls both men and women to worship Allah, uphold justice, show compassion, and work together in building families and societies founded upon faith, mercy, and mutual respect.
We invite you to continue exploring Islam through the Qur'an and the authentic teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, and to learn more about the remarkable contributions of Muslim women throughout history and in the present day.
May Allah guide us all to truth, wisdom, and understanding. Ameen.
Further Reading:
30. Marriage and Family in Islam
30. Marriage and Family in Islam
Marriage and family are among the greatest blessings in Islam. They provide love, stability, compassion, and a nurturing environment in which future generations can grow. Islam views the family as the cornerstone of a healthy society and encourages strong relationships built upon faith, mutual respect, mercy, and shared responsibility.
Rather than being merely a social contract, marriage in Islam is a sacred covenant between a man and a woman, established to bring tranquillity, affection, and lifelong companionship.
Allah says:
"And among His signs is that He created for you spouses from among yourselves so that you may find tranquillity in them; and He placed between you affection and mercy. Indeed, in that are signs for people who reflect." (Qur'an 30:21)
Marriage Is Encouraged
Islam encourages marriage as a natural and honourable way of life. It provides a lawful and secure foundation for family life, enabling husband and wife to support one another emotionally, spiritually, and practically.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Marriage is part of my Sunnah, and whoever turns away from my Sunnah is not of me." (Sunan Ibn Majah)
Marriage is therefore regarded as an act of worship when entered into sincerely for the sake of Allah and conducted according to His guidance.
Islam also teaches that marriage must be based upon the free and willing consent of both the bride and the groom. A forced marriage has no basis in authentic Islamic teachings, as mutual agreement is essential for a valid Islamic marriage.
A Partnership Built on Mercy
Islam teaches that husband and wife are partners who work together to build a peaceful and loving home. Their relationship should be characterised by kindness, patience, trust, forgiveness, and mutual support.
Allah says:
"Live with them in kindness." (Qur'an 4:19)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The best of you are those who are best to their families, and I am the best among you to my family." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
Marriage is not about domination or superiority. While Islam assigns certain responsibilities to each spouse, these responsibilities are intended to complement one another and strengthen the family. Husband and wife are encouraged to consult one another, communicate with compassion, overlook mistakes, and work together in fulfilling their shared responsibilities.
Rights and Responsibilities
Islam grants both husband and wife clearly defined rights and responsibilities.
Each spouse is encouraged to:
Treat the other with kindness and respect.
Support one another emotionally and spiritually.
Be honest, trustworthy, and faithful.
Show patience and forgiveness.
Cooperate in raising a righteous family.
Fulfil their responsibilities with sincerity and compassion.
Islam teaches that a successful marriage is built not only upon love but also upon commitment, good character, and a shared desire to please Allah.
The Importance of Family
Family occupies a central place in Islam. Parents are honoured, children are cherished, relatives are valued, and maintaining family ties is considered an act of worship.
Allah commands:
"Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him, and that you show kindness to your parents." (Qur'an 17:23)
Respecting parents, caring for children, honouring grandparents, and maintaining close relationships with relatives all strengthen the family and contribute to a compassionate society.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also taught:
"Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should maintain the ties of kinship." (Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim)
Islam encourages forgiveness, reconciliation, and preserving family relationships whenever possible.
Raising Children
Children are regarded as a trust from Allah.
Parents are responsible not only for providing food, clothing, shelter, and education but also for nurturing faith, honesty, kindness, good manners, and compassion.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was a beautiful example of gentleness towards children. He showed them affection, played with them, and taught that mercy should be at the heart of parenting.
By raising children with love, guidance, and good character, parents help prepare them to become responsible, compassionate, and beneficial members of society.
Equality and Human Dignity
Islam teaches that men and women are equal in their humanity, spiritual worth, and accountability before Allah.
Allah says:
"Indeed, the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you." (Qur'an 49:13)
While men and women may have different responsibilities within family life, these responsibilities do not make one superior to the other. Islam teaches that both deserve dignity, justice, and respect, and that the success of a family depends upon cooperation rather than competition.
Caring for One Another
Islam encourages family members to care for one another throughout every stage of life.
This includes honouring parents, supporting spouses, raising children with compassion, caring for elderly relatives, and maintaining strong bonds with the wider family.
Serving one's family with sincerity is not viewed as an ordinary task alone; it is also an act of worship. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that even the money a person spends on their spouse and children sincerely for the sake of Allah is rewarded as an act of charity.
In this way, everyday acts of love, care, and responsibility become opportunities to earn Allah's pleasure.
Marriage and Society
Strong families contribute to strong communities.
When marriages are built upon faith, honesty, compassion, and mutual responsibility, society as a whole benefits. Families become places where children learn good character, neighbours experience kindness, and communities grow stronger through mutual care and cooperation.
For this reason, Islam places great importance on protecting the family, resolving disputes with fairness and wisdom, and preserving relationships rather than allowing conflict to divide them.
Conclusion
Marriage and family are among Allah's greatest blessings and form the foundation of a healthy and caring society. Islam encourages relationships built upon faith, love, mercy, respect, and shared responsibility, creating homes where individuals can grow spiritually, emotionally, and morally.
By following Allah's guidance, Muslims strive to build families characterised by compassion, honesty, patience, generosity, and mutual support. These values strengthen not only individual households but also the wider community, helping to create a society founded upon justice, kindness, and respect.
Ultimately, Islam teaches that a strong family is one of the greatest means of attaining happiness in this life and success in the Hereafter.
31. Your Muslim Neighbour and Their Rights
31. Your Muslim Neighbour and Their Rights
Introduction
Islam places great importance on treating neighbours with kindness, respect, and consideration. The teachings of the Qur'an and the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ emphasise that being a good neighbour is not simply a social courtesy—it is an important part of faith and good character.
A practising Muslim is encouraged to show kindness and respect to all neighbours, regardless of their religion, ethnicity, nationality, or background. These values help build trust, strengthen communities, and promote peaceful coexistence.
In today's diverse society, where people from different cultures and faiths often live side by side, Islam encourages Muslims to be positive members of their neighbourhoods and to contribute to the well-being of those around them.
The Importance of Neighbours in Islam
The Qur'an commands Muslims to treat neighbours with kindness:
"Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, and be good to parents, relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbour and the distant neighbour..." (Qur'an 4:36)
This verse highlights the importance of caring for both near and distant neighbours, demonstrating that kindness should extend to everyone living around us.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ on Neighbours
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ repeatedly emphasised the rights of neighbours.
He said:
"Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should honour his neighbour." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
In another famous narration, he said:
"Jibreel (Gabriel) continued to advise me concerning the neighbour until I thought he would make him an heir." (Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim)
This powerful statement illustrates just how important neighbours are in Islam. The Prophet ﷺ received so much guidance about treating neighbours well that he thought they might even be given a share in a person's inheritance.
How Islam Teaches Muslims to Treat Their Neighbours
Islam encourages Muslims to be neighbours who are considerate, trustworthy, and helpful.
This includes:
Kindness and Respect
Muslims are encouraged to treat neighbours with courtesy, good manners, and consideration.
Simple acts such as greeting neighbours, checking on their well-being, helping when needed, or offering a friendly smile all strengthen community relationships.
Avoiding Harm
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ gave a serious warning against harming one's neighbours.
He said:
"By Allah, he is not a believer! By Allah, he is not a believer! By Allah, he is not a believer!"
When asked who he meant, he replied:
"The one whose neighbour is not safe from his harm." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
A Muslim should therefore avoid causing unnecessary inconvenience, excessive noise, damage to property, offensive behaviour, or anything else that disturbs or harms neighbours.
Helping in Times of Need
Islam encourages Muslims to support neighbours during times of difficulty.
Whether through practical assistance, emotional support, visiting someone who is ill, helping an elderly neighbour, or assisting during emergencies, caring for those nearby is regarded as a noble act of worship.
Sharing and Generosity
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ encouraged Muslims to share whatever Allah has blessed them with.
He said:
"O Abu Dharr, when you cook soup, add more water to it and give some to your neighbours." (Sahih Muslim)
This beautiful advice teaches generosity, reminding Muslims that even modest possessions can be shared with others.
Good Neighbourliness Towards People of All Faiths
Islam does not restrict kindness only to Muslim neighbours.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ treated people of different faiths with fairness, kindness, and respect, and Muslims are encouraged to do the same.
Allah says:
"Allah does not forbid you from being kind and just towards those who do not fight you because of religion or drive you from your homes. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly." (Qur'an 60:8)
This verse establishes an important principle of peaceful coexistence, encouraging Muslims to deal justly and kindly with people of all backgrounds.
Everyday Examples of Good Neighbourliness
Islam encourages Muslims to demonstrate good character through everyday actions.
These may include:
Checking on elderly or vulnerable neighbours.
Offering practical help when someone is unwell or in difficulty.
Sharing food on special occasions such as Ramadan or Eid.
Respecting privacy and property.
Keeping noise to a reasonable level.
Looking after a neighbour's home when they are away.
Accepting deliveries or offering small acts of assistance when possible.
Greeting neighbours with kindness and respect.
These everyday acts may seem simple, but they contribute greatly to building trust, friendship, and stronger communities.
Building Strong Communities
Strong communities begin with good neighbours.
When people care for one another, offer support, and treat each other with respect, neighbourhoods become safer, more welcoming, and more harmonious.
Islam encourages Muslims to contribute positively to society by being honest, trustworthy, considerate, and beneficial members of their communities.
What Can You Expect from a Practising Muslim Neighbour?
A practising Muslim should strive to be someone who:
Treats others with honesty, fairness, and respect.
Avoids causing harm or unnecessary disturbance.
Offers help whenever reasonably able.
Respects the rights, privacy, and property of others.
Cares about the well-being of the wider community.
Treats neighbours with kindness regardless of their religion, race, or background.
Like all people, Muslims are not perfect and may sometimes fall short of these ideals. However, these are the values that Islam teaches every Muslim to uphold.
Conclusion
Islam teaches that neighbours have important rights and should be treated with kindness, compassion, and respect. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ repeatedly emphasised good neighbourly relations and warned strongly against causing harm to those who live nearby.
Whether a neighbour is Muslim or non-Muslim, every person deserves dignity, consideration, and justice.
By showing kindness, helping those in need, respecting one another's rights, and contributing positively to the community, Muslims fulfil an important part of their faith while helping to build safer, stronger, and more harmonious neighbourhoods for everyone.
32. Common Misconceptions About Islam
32. Common Misconceptions About Islam
Introduction
Islam is one of the world's largest religions, followed by over two billion people from every race, nationality, language, and culture. Yet despite its global presence, it remains one of the most misunderstood.
Many misconceptions arise from misinformation, cultural practices, the actions of individuals, or inaccurate media portrayals. Like any religion, Islam should be understood through its authentic teachings rather than the behaviour of those who may not practise it correctly.
This article addresses some of the most common misconceptions about Islam by referring to the Qur'an and the authentic teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Misconception 1: Muslims Worship Muhammad ﷺ
One of the most common misunderstandings is that Muslims worship Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
This is completely false.
Muslims worship Allah alone. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the final Messenger of Allah, sent to convey His guidance to humanity.
Allah says:
"Muhammad is no more than a Messenger. Many messengers passed away before him." (Qur'an 3:144)
The Prophet ﷺ himself said:
"Do not exaggerate in praising me as the Christians exaggerated in praising Jesus, the son of Mary. I am only a servant, so say: 'The servant of Allah and His Messenger.'" (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Muslims love, honour, and follow Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, but worship belongs to Allah alone.
Misconception 2: Muslims Worship a Different God Called Allah
Some people believe that Allah is a different god from the God worshipped by Jews and Christians.
In reality, Allah is simply the Arabic word for God. Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also use the word Allah when referring to God in their Bibles and prayers.
Muslims believe in the same Creator worshipped by Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus (peace be upon them all). However, Islam teaches that God is One, without partners, children, or anyone who shares in His divinity.
Allah says:
"Say: He is Allah, the One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, nor is there anything comparable to Him." (Qur'an 112:1–4)
Misconception 3: Islam Promotes Violence and Terrorism
One of the greatest misconceptions about Islam is that it encourages violence or terrorism.
In reality, Islam strongly condemns the unlawful killing of innocent people and places great importance on the sanctity of human life.
Allah says:
"Whoever kills a person—unless in the course of justice—it is as if he has killed all mankind. And whoever saves a life, it is as if he has saved all mankind." (Qur'an 5:32)
During times of warfare, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ forbade the killing of women, children, the elderly, monks, and other non-combatants. He also prohibited unnecessary destruction of crops, trees, and property.
Extremist groups who commit acts of terrorism do not represent Islam or its teachings. Islam calls for justice, mercy, restraint, and respect for human life.
This naturally leads to another widely misunderstood Islamic term: Jihad.
(For a more detailed discussion, please see our article "Islam Against Terrorism: A Religion of Peace and Submission.")
Misconception 4: Jihad Means Terrorism
Perhaps no Islamic term has been more misunderstood than Jihad.
The Arabic word Jihad literally means "to strive," "to struggle," or "to exert one's utmost effort." It refers to striving in the cause of Allah and includes many forms of positive effort—not simply warfare.
For most Muslims, jihad means striving to become a better person by strengthening one's faith, controlling anger and temptation, seeking knowledge, helping others, speaking the truth, and performing righteous deeds. It is a lifelong struggle to live according to the guidance of Allah.
Allah says:
"As for those who strive in Our cause, We will surely guide them to Our ways. Indeed, Allah is with those who do good." (Qur'an 29:69)
In certain circumstances, Islam permits armed jihad, but only under strict conditions, such as lawful self-defence against aggression or protecting people from persecution. Even then, Islam sets clear ethical limits.
Allah says:
"Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not love the transgressors." (Qur'an 2:190)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also forbade harming women, children, the elderly, monks, and other non-combatants, and prohibited unnecessary destruction during conflict.
Terrorism, however, is the deliberate use of violence against innocent people to spread fear or achieve political or ideological goals. Such actions are completely contrary to the teachings of Islam.
It is also worth noting that the expression "holy war" (Harbun Muqaddasah) does not appear anywhere in the Qur'an or the authentic teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Equating jihad with terrorism or "holy war" is therefore inaccurate and does not reflect the true teachings of Islam.
In its authentic Islamic meaning, jihad is about striving for righteousness, justice, self-improvement, and the worship of Allah. While Islam permits lawful self-defence when necessary, it never permits terrorism or the deliberate killing of innocent people.
Misconception 5: Islam Oppresses Women
Another common misconception is that Islam oppresses women.
In reality, more than fourteen centuries ago, Islam honoured women by granting them rights that were uncommon in many societies of the time. These included the rights to own property, inherit wealth, receive an education, choose a spouse, conduct business, receive a marriage gift (Mahr), and seek justice.
Allah says:
"Indeed, the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you." (Qur'an 49:13)
Islam teaches that men and women are equal in their human dignity, spiritual worth, and accountability before Allah. While they may have different but complementary responsibilities in certain aspects of family life, neither is considered superior to the other based on gender.
Unfortunately, some cultural practices are wrongly attributed to Islam despite having no basis in its authentic teachings.
(For a more detailed discussion, please read our article "Women in Islam. ")
Misconception 6: Islam Forces People to Become Muslim
Some people believe that Islam teaches Muslims to force others to accept their religion.
This is not true.
The Qur'an clearly states:
"There is no compulsion in religion. Truth stands clear from falsehood." (Qur'an 2:256)
Faith must be based upon sincere belief and free choice. A person who is forced to profess faith has not truly chosen it from the heart.
Throughout history, Muslim societies often included people of different faiths living alongside one another. For example, during centuries of Muslim rule in parts of Spain, Christians and Jews continued to practise their religion and maintain their places of worship.
Islam therefore invites people to its message through wisdom, good character, and respectful dialogue—not through coercion or force.
Misconception 7: Islam Was Spread by the Sword
Another common claim is that Islam spread only through warfare.
History tells a very different story.
Large regions such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and much of East Africa embraced Islam primarily through the honest character of Muslim merchants, peaceful preaching, scholarship, and trade rather than military conquest. Today, Indonesia—located thousands of miles from the Middle East—is home to the world's largest Muslim population, illustrating how Islam spread peacefully far beyond Arabia.
While wars did occur during certain periods of history, as they did in the histories of many civilisations, it is historically inaccurate to claim that Islam spread solely by the sword.
The rapid spread of Islam was influenced by many factors, including justice, good governance, trade, education, and the exemplary character of Muslims.
Misconception 8: Muslims Do Not Respect Jesus
Muslims deeply love and honour Isa (Jesus), peace be upon him. In fact, a Muslim cannot be a true believer without believing in him.
Muslims believe that Jesus was miraculously born to the Virgin Mary (Maryam), was one of the greatest prophets of Allah, performed miracles by Allah's permission, was the promised Messiah, and will return before the Day of Judgement.
However, Muslims do not believe that Jesus was God or the son of God. Rather, they believe he was one of the greatest messengers sent by Allah to guide humanity to the worship of the One true God.
Allah says:
"The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only a Messenger of Allah, His Word which He conveyed to Mary, and a spirit created by Him." (Qur'an 4:171)
(Please also see our article "Jesus (Isa) in Islam: The Islamic View .")
Misconception 9: All Muslims Are Arabs
Although Islam began in Arabia, the vast majority of Muslims today are not Arab.
Approximately 80–85% of the world's Muslims are non-Arab. The largest Muslim populations are found in countries such as Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Nigeria.
Islam is a universal religion followed by people from virtually every nation, ethnicity, and culture.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that no race or nationality is superior to another. He said:
"No Arab has superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have superiority over an Arab; neither does a white person have superiority over a black person, nor a black person have superiority over a white person, except through righteousness."
For Muslims, true honour is measured not by race, nationality, language, or social status, but by faith, righteousness, and good character.
Misconception 10: Islam Is Against Science and Education
Another common misconception is that Islam opposes science, education, or intellectual enquiry.
In reality, Islam encourages learning, reflection, and the pursuit of beneficial knowledge.
The very first revelation of the Qur'an began with the command:
"Read in the name of your Lord Who created." (Qur'an 96:1)
Throughout the Qur'an, people are repeatedly encouraged to observe the natural world, reflect upon creation, and use their intellect.
During the Golden Age of Islamic civilisation, Muslim scholars made remarkable contributions to mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, engineering, geography, architecture, and many other fields. Their discoveries helped shape scientific progress and influenced later generations around the world.
Islam sees no contradiction between authentic scientific discovery and belief in God. Science helps us understand how many aspects of the universe function, while religion answers the deeper questions of why we exist, what our purpose is, and what lies beyond this life.
For Muslims, studying creation is another way of appreciating the wisdom, power, and greatness of the Creator.
Misconception 11: The Hijab Is a Symbol of Oppression
The hijab is often misunderstood as a symbol of oppression or inequality.
For Muslim women, however, wearing the hijab is an act of worship and obedience to Allah. It is an expression of faith, modesty, dignity, and personal identity.
Islam teaches modesty for both men and women. Before instructing women regarding modest dress, the Qur'an first commands believing men to lower their gaze and guard their modesty.
Many Muslim women freely choose to wear the hijab because they believe it brings them closer to Allah and allows them to be valued for their character, faith, and conduct rather than their appearance.
The concept of modest dress is not unique to Islam. Throughout history, many Jewish and Christian women, including traditional depictions of Mary (Maryam), the mother of Jesus (peace be upon him), are shown wearing head coverings as a sign of modesty and devotion to God.
Like any act of faith, wearing the hijab has value only when it is chosen sincerely. Islam does not approve of forcing religious practices upon anyone.
(For a more detailed discussion, please see our article "Women in Islam.")
Misconception 12: Islam Permits Forced Marriages
Forced marriage is a cultural practice found in various societies around the world; it is not an Islamic teaching.
In Islam, both men and women have the right to accept or reject a marriage proposal. A valid Islamic marriage requires the free and willing consent of both the bride and the groom.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ even annulled marriages where women had been forced into them without their consent, demonstrating that coercion has no place in Islamic marriage.
Marriage in Islam is intended to be a relationship built upon mutual respect, mercy, love, and cooperation—not compulsion.
Allah says:
"And among His signs is that He created for you spouses from among yourselves that you may find tranquillity in them; and He placed between you affection and mercy." (Qur'an 30:21)
Misconception 13: Sharia Law Is Only About Harsh Punishments
Many people associate Sharia only with criminal punishments. In reality, this is a misunderstanding of what Sharia truly is.
The Arabic word Sharia literally means "the path" or "the way." It refers to God's guidance for how people should live their lives according to faith, justice, morality, and compassion.
For most Muslims, Sharia is reflected in everyday acts such as praying, being honest in business, caring for parents, helping those in need, giving charity, treating neighbours well, fulfilling promises, and showing kindness to others.
It provides guidance on matters including worship, family life, marriage, business ethics, justice, charitable giving, and personal character.
Throughout history, Allah sent prophets to different nations with divine guidance suited to their people and circumstances. Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) was given the Torah (Tawrah), Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him) was given the Gospel (Injil), and both taught their followers to live according to God's commandments. Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was the final Messenger and that the Qur'an and his authentic teachings contain God's final and universal guidance for humanity.
Allah says:
"Then We put you, [O Muhammad], on a clear way of Our command. So follow it, and do not follow the desires of those who do not know." (Qur'an 45:18)
Islam also teaches Muslims to honour their agreements and fulfil their responsibilities. This includes obeying the lawful rules and regulations of the country in which they live, provided they are not required to do something that contradicts their faith. For Muslims living in countries such as the United Kingdom, being law-abiding, honest, trustworthy, and contributing positively to society is itself part of Islamic teaching.
When understood correctly, Sharia is not merely a legal system. It is a comprehensive framework that encourages worship, justice, compassion, honesty, responsibility, and living a life that pleases God.
Misconception 14: Islam Is Intolerant of Other Religions
Another common misconception is that Islam teaches hostility towards people of other faiths.
In reality, Islam instructs Muslims to treat others with justice, kindness, and respect.
Allah says:
"Allah does not forbid you from being kind and just towards those who do not fight you because of religion or drive you from your homes. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly." (Qur'an 60:8)
Throughout his life, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ maintained treaties with people of different faiths, visited the sick, accepted gifts, honoured agreements, and encouraged peaceful coexistence.
Islam calls Muslims to invite others to its message through wisdom, good character, and respectful dialogue—not through hostility, abuse, or coercion.
Disagreement does not justify hatred or injustice. Every person deserves to be treated with dignity and fairness.
Conclusion
Many misconceptions about Islam arise from misunderstanding, misinformation, or confusing cultural practices with the authentic teachings of the faith.
Islam calls people to worship one God, uphold justice, show mercy, seek knowledge, care for others, and live with honesty and integrity. Like any belief system, it should be understood through its original sources—the Qur'an and the authentic teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ—rather than the actions of individuals who may not represent its teachings.
We encourage every reader to explore Islam with an open mind, ask sincere questions, and examine its teachings directly from authentic sources.
Allah says:
"Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best." (Qur'an 16:125)
Greater understanding leads to stronger communities, mutual respect, and more meaningful dialogue between people of all backgrounds.
Have a question about Islam?
If you would like to ask a question or receive a free copy of the Qur'an, please feel free to contact us through our Contact page or visit one of our street dawah stalls. We are always happy to have a respectful conversation.
33. Islam and Science: Is Islam Compatible with Modern Science?
33. Islam and Science: Is Islam Compatible with Modern Science?
Faith, Reason, Knowledge and the Islamic Intellectual Tradition
Introduction
Science and religion are often presented as opposites. Science is sometimes described as belonging to reason and evidence, while religion is portrayed as belonging to faith alone.
But is this really how Islam understands the relationship between faith and reason?
For someone exploring Islam, this is an important question. The Qur’an repeatedly calls human beings to think, observe, reflect and use their intellect. Muslim civilisation also has a long history of scientific inquiry, with important contributions in fields such as mathematics, medicine, astronomy and optics.
At the same time, Islam does not teach that the Qur’an is a science textbook. Its primary purpose is guidance: to teach humanity who God is, why we exist, how we should live and what ultimately awaits us.
The natural world, however, is also presented as a collection of signs (āyāt) pointing towards its Creator.
“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for those of understanding.” (Qur’an 3:190)
This article explores the relationship between Islam and science, the Qur’an’s invitation to reflect upon creation, the contribution of Muslim scholars to scientific knowledge, the question of scientific interpretations of Qur’anic verses, evolution, and the ethical responsibilities that accompany scientific progress.
A Note for Readers: The Qur’an Is Not a Science Textbook
Before discussing particular scientific subjects, an important distinction should be made.
The Qur’an is not a textbook of physics, biology, astronomy or geology. It was revealed as guidance for humanity.
When the Qur’an mentions the heavens, the earth, human development, rain, mountains, animals or the natural world, its primary purpose is to direct people towards reflection upon the signs of God.
For this reason, Muslims should be cautious about claiming that every scientific discovery was explicitly predicted in the Qur’an.
Some verses may contain descriptions that are remarkably consistent with established scientific observations. Such verses can deepen a believer’s reflection upon the Qur’an. However, interpretations should not be forced onto verses simply because a modern scientific theory happens to resemble a particular reading.
Scientific theories and models can develop, change or be replaced as new evidence emerges. The Qur’an, from the Islamic perspective, is revelation; scientific models are human attempts to understand creation.
This distinction is important because Islam does not need exaggerated scientific claims in order to establish the truth of the Qur’an.
The Qur’an itself invites people to examine its message, its language, its arguments, its predictions, its historical claims, and its profound effect upon the human heart and intellect.
1. Islam Begins with a Call to Knowledge
One of the most striking features of the beginning of Islamic revelation is its emphasis on knowledge.
The first revealed verses begin:
“Read in the name of your Lord who created—created man from a clinging substance. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous—Who taught by the pen—taught man that which he knew not.” (Qur’an 96:1–5)
The first command, Iqra’, is commonly translated as “Read” or “Recite”.
The passage immediately connects creation, knowledge, the pen and human learning.
Knowledge in Islam is therefore not viewed as something inherently opposed to faith. Rather, beneficial knowledge can lead a person towards greater appreciation of the Creator.
The Qur’an repeatedly asks human beings to observe the world around them:
“Say, ‘Observe what is in the heavens and the earth.’” (Qur’an 10:101)
And it asks people to reflect upon the universe:
“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, are signs for those of understanding.” (Qur’an 3:190)
The message is clear: human beings should not simply look at creation; they should think about it.
2. Revelation and Creation: Two Ways of Knowing
Islam distinguishes between what God has revealed and what human beings discover through observation and investigation.
Revelation gives humanity knowledge that cannot be established through scientific experimentation alone: Who created us? Why are we here? What is our ultimate purpose? What is morally right and wrong? What happens after death?
Science investigates the physical world through observation, measurement, experimentation and reasoning.
These are not necessarily competing areas.
A microscope can help us investigate a cell, but it cannot tell us whether human life has an ultimate purpose.
A telescope can reveal distant galaxies, but it cannot by itself answer why anything exists at all.
Science can investigate how physical processes occur. Revelation addresses questions of meaning, purpose, morality and our relationship with the Creator.
In Islamic thought, this relationship is grounded in Tawḥīd—the absolute oneness and unity of God.
If there is one Creator, then His revelation and His creation ultimately come from the same source. Properly understood, truth cannot contradict truth.
This does not mean that every human interpretation of scripture or every scientific theory is automatically correct. Human beings can misunderstand revelation, just as scientists can make mistakes in interpreting evidence.
The humility to recognise this distinction is essential.
3. The Islamic Golden Age and the Pursuit of Knowledge
The history of Muslim civilisation provides another important perspective.
From approximately the eighth century onwards, scholars working across the Muslim world contributed substantially to mathematics, medicine, astronomy, optics, geography, engineering and other fields.
Muslim scholars translated and studied works from earlier civilisations, including Greek, Persian and Indian sources, while also developing new ideas, methods and observations.
Among the many important figures were:
Al-Khwarizmi
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi played a foundational role in the development of algebra and mathematical methods. The word “algorithm” is derived from the Latinised form of his name.
Ibn al-Haytham
Ibn al-Haytham made major contributions to optics. His approach emphasised observation, experimentation and careful testing of explanations. His Book of Optics became influential in the later development of European scientific thought.
Ibn Sina
Known in the West as Avicenna, Ibn Sina was a major physician and thinker. His Canon of Medicine became an influential medical reference for centuries.
Al-Biruni
Al-Biruni made important contributions to astronomy, mathematics, geography and the measurement of the Earth. His work demonstrates the sophisticated scientific activity present in the medieval Muslim world.
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Al-Tusi was a major astronomer and mathematician who developed sophisticated mathematical models for understanding celestial motion.
These scholars did not necessarily see their study of nature as a rejection of religion. For many Muslim scholars, understanding creation was connected to recognising the wisdom and power of the Creator.
Scientific inquiry could therefore become a form of ʿibādah—worship—when pursued with a sincere intention and used for beneficial purposes.
4. Why Did Muslim Scholars Study Astronomy?
Astronomy was particularly important in Muslim civilisation.
This was not simply because Muslims were fascinated by the stars.
Practical religious needs encouraged careful astronomical observation.
Muslims need to determine:
the times of the five daily prayers;
the beginning and end of Ramadan;
the direction of the Qiblah;
dates associated with the Islamic calendar.
As a result, mathematics and astronomy became highly developed fields of study.
This illustrates an important principle: religious practice and scientific investigation did not have to exist in separate worlds.
5. The Qur’an and the Natural World
The Qur’an contains many passages drawing attention to natural phenomena.
For example:
“And We made every living thing from water. Will they not then believe?” (Qur’an 21:30)
Water is fundamental to life as we know it. Modern biology recognises the essential role of water in living organisms.
The significance of the verse, however, goes beyond simply presenting a scientific statement. The Qur’an asks the reader to look at the fact of life itself and consider what it tells us about its Creator.
Similarly, the Qur’an repeatedly directs attention towards the heavens, the earth, rainfall, plants, animals, human development and the cycles of nature.
The question is not merely:
“What is happening?”
It is also:
“What does this tell us about the One who created it?”
6. The Origin and Order of the Universe
The Qur’an says:
“Do the disbelievers not realise that the heavens and the earth were once joined together, then We split them apart?” (Qur’an 21:30)
The verse has often been discussed in relation to modern cosmology and the Big Bang model.
Modern cosmology describes the early universe as having been in an extremely hot and dense state before expanding and developing into the universe we observe today.
It would be inappropriate, however, to claim that Qur’an 21:30 is a technical description of the modern Big Bang model. The verse itself is not a physics textbook.
Nevertheless, Muslims may reasonably regard such descriptions of the origin and order of creation as signs worthy of reflection.
The Qur’an also says:
“And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are expanding it.” (Qur’an 51:47)
Some modern translations understand this verse as referring to the expansion of the universe. The Arabic expression has also been understood in broader ways relating to God's power and the vastness or extension of the heavens.
The important point is that Muslims should acknowledge the range of interpretation rather than presenting one modern interpretation as the only possible meaning.
The verse remains a powerful invitation to contemplate the vastness and power of God's creation.
7. The Sun, Moon and Celestial Motion
The Qur’an describes the sun and moon as moving according to an ordered system:
“It is He who created the night and day, the sun and moon—each travelling in an orbit.” (Qur’an 21:33)
The Qur’an also says:
“The sun is not allowed to overtake the moon, nor does the night outrun the day. Each is travelling in an orbit.” (Qur’an 36:40)
The Arabic wording conveys the idea of celestial bodies moving along their courses.
Modern astronomy has established that celestial bodies are not simply fixed objects suspended motionlessly in space. The Earth rotates, the Earth orbits the Sun, the Sun moves through the Milky Way, and the galaxy itself participates in larger-scale cosmic motion.
The Qur’an's broader message is therefore consistent with a universe characterised by order and motion rather than a simple, static picture of the heavens.
8. Water, Rain and the Cycle of Life
Water is another recurring subject in the Qur’an.
God says:
“And We sent down water from the sky in due measure, then We caused it to settle in the earth—and We are certainly able to take it away.” (Qur’an 23:18)
Elsewhere, the Qur’an describes rain, clouds, winds and the revival of the earth.
Modern hydrology has given humanity a detailed understanding of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, groundwater and the movement of water through the environment.
The Qur’an's repeated attention to these processes encourages people to recognise that something as ordinary as rainfall is actually part of an extraordinarily complex system upon which life depends.
9. Human Development
The Qur’an also describes stages of human development before birth.
For example:
“Then We developed the drop into a clinging form, then We developed the clinging form into a lump, then We developed the lump into bones, then We clothed the bones with flesh…” (Qur’an 23:14)
The Arabic terminology used in these verses has received considerable attention in discussions of embryology.
Terms such as nuṭfah, ʿalaqah and muḍghah have been interpreted in different ways, and modern discussions sometimes go further than the Arabic language itself warrants.
For this reason, it is better to approach the subject carefully.
The Qur’an is not attempting to provide a modern embryology textbook. Rather, it draws human attention to the extraordinary process by which human beings develop.
The deeper question is one of humility:
How does a human being begin from such a small and seemingly insignificant origin and develop into a conscious person capable of thought, love, language and moral responsibility?
The Qur’an repeatedly directs us to reflect upon this transformation.
10. Mountains and the Earth
The Qur’an describes mountains using the imagery of stakes:
“Have We not made the earth a resting place, and the mountains as stakes?” (Qur’an 78:6–7)
Modern geology has established that mountains are not simply structures rising above the Earth's surface. Mountain systems are connected with the deeper structure of the Earth's crust and the movement of tectonic plates.
The Qur’an also says:
“And He placed firm mountains on the earth so it would not shake with you…” (Qur’an 16:15)
These verses have sometimes been presented as precise predictions of modern plate tectonics. Such a claim should be treated cautiously.
The Qur'an's language is primarily theological and observational rather than technical. Nevertheless, the relationship between mountains, the Earth's structure and geological processes provides another reason to reflect upon the complexity of creation.
11. Other Qur’anic Descriptions of Creation
The Qur’an contains many other passages that invite reflection on the natural world.
These include descriptions of the heavens, the alternation of night and day, rainfall, clouds, the diversity of living things and the boundaries between bodies of water.
For example:
“He has released the two seas, meeting side by side, between them is a barrier they do not cross.” (Qur’an 55:19–20)
And:
“Or like the darkness of a deep sea, covered by waves upon waves, topped by clouds—layers of darkness, one above another.” (Qur’an 24:40)
Modern oceanography has demonstrated that complex physical phenomena occur beneath the ocean surface, including internal waves that are invisible from above.
However, interpretations of such verses should remain grounded in the Arabic text and its context. It is better to say that these descriptions invite reflection than to claim that they constitute technical scientific predictions in the modern sense.
12. The Qur’an and Scientific “Miracles”
The discussion of science and the Qur’an is sometimes reduced to a list of alleged scientific miracles.
Some Muslims find these arguments persuasive. Others, including Muslim academics and scholars, have cautioned against interpreting modern scientific theories into Qur’anic verses too quickly.
There is a valuable middle ground.
We do not need to deny that some Qur’anic descriptions are striking.
Nor do we need to claim that every modern discovery was explicitly encoded in the Qur’an.
A responsible approach asks:
What does the Arabic verse actually say?
How was the verse understood by early Muslims?
What does established science actually demonstrate?
Is the proposed connection based on evidence or speculation?
Could the verse reasonably have another meaning?
Are we confusing a scientific theory with an established fact?
This approach is more intellectually honest.
It also protects Muslims from the problem of attaching the Qur’an to temporary scientific theories that may later change.
13. What About Evolution?
Evolution is one of the subjects most frequently raised in discussions about Islam and science.
It is important to distinguish several different questions.
First, biological populations can change over generations. Adaptation and natural selection are observable scientific phenomena.
Second, scientists investigate common ancestry and the evolutionary relationships between living organisms.
Third, there is the specifically theological question of human origins and Adam and Eve.
Islam teaches that Adam was created by God and given a special status as the first human being and prophet.
Muslims therefore need not treat every discussion of biological evolution as a simple choice between “science” and “Islam”.
There are different views among Muslim thinkers regarding which aspects of evolutionary theory can be reconciled with Islamic theology and which claims raise theological difficulties.
The important principle is to distinguish established biological observations from broader philosophical claims.
For example, the scientific study of biological change does not by itself establish that the universe has no Creator, that life has no purpose, or that human beings have no moral responsibility.
Those are philosophical conclusions, not scientific measurements.
Islam rejects the idea that human existence is meaningless.
The Qur’an teaches:
“Did you then think that We had created you without purpose and that you would not be returned to Us?” (Qur’an 23:115)
Science can investigate the processes through which life develops. Revelation addresses the ultimate meaning and purpose of human existence.
14. Faith, Reason and the Question of God
Science has transformed our understanding of the universe.
We now know that the observable universe contains enormous numbers of galaxies, that stars are born and die, that planets exist beyond our solar system, that living organisms contain extraordinary molecular complexity, and that the physical universe follows remarkably consistent laws.
But science does not answer every philosophical question.
Why does anything exist rather than nothing?
Why does the universe have orderly laws that can be understood mathematically?
Why does consciousness exist?
Why should human beings regard truth, justice and morality as meaningful?
These questions belong partly to philosophy and theology.
Islam does not ask believers to abandon reason in order to believe in God.
Rather, the Qur’an repeatedly appeals to reason.
The Qur’an asks:
“Or were they created by nothing, or were they the creators of themselves?” (Qur’an 52:35)
This is an invitation to think.
Islamic faith is not intended to be a rejection of evidence. It is a worldview in which reason, observation and revelation have appropriate roles.
15. Science Has Limits—and So Does Human Knowledge
Science is extraordinarily powerful, but science is also a human activity.
Scientific knowledge develops through evidence, testing, criticism and correction.
A scientific theory can become stronger as evidence accumulates, but scientific conclusions remain subject to the available evidence.
This is not a weakness of science. It is one of its strengths.
Islam likewise encourages intellectual humility.
Human beings should not assume that they know everything.
The Qur’an says:
“You have been given of knowledge only a little.” (Qur’an 17:85)
This attitude is important for both believers and scientists.
The more we discover, the more we realise how much remains unknown.
16. Science and Islamic Ethics
Islam does not regard technological capability as automatically equivalent to moral progress.
Human beings can develop technologies capable of healing disease, communicating across continents and exploring space.
The same intellectual abilities can also be used to cause enormous harm.
Islam therefore places knowledge within an ethical framework.
The Qur’an says:
“Do not cause corruption on the earth after it has been set right.” (Qur’an 7:56)
Human beings have been given responsibility as stewards of the Earth.
This principle is often expressed through the concept of khilāfah—human responsibility and stewardship.
Scientific and technological progress should therefore be accompanied by questions such as:
Does this benefit humanity?
Could it cause serious harm?
Does it protect human dignity?
Does it preserve the environment?
Does it promote justice?
Who is responsible for its consequences?
These questions are increasingly important in areas such as artificial intelligence, genetic technology, environmental science, medical research and biotechnology.
Islamic ethics does not demand that Muslims reject scientific progress. Rather, it asks that progress be guided by moral responsibility.
17. Environmental Responsibility
The natural world is not simply a collection of resources existing for unlimited human consumption.
The Qur’an repeatedly draws attention to balance and moderation.
God says:
“And do not waste. Surely He does not like the wasteful.” (Qur’an 6:141)
The Islamic concept of stewardship therefore has practical implications.
Pollution, unnecessary waste, destruction of ecosystems and irresponsible exploitation of resources raise ethical questions.
Scientific knowledge can tell us about climate, ecosystems and environmental change.
Islam provides a moral framework for considering how human beings should respond to that knowledge.
Knowledge and responsibility should go together.
18. Could Prophet Muhammad ﷺ Have Produced the Qur’an Himself?
A natural question for someone investigating Islam is whether the Qur’an could simply have been written by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Muslims believe that Muhammad ﷺ was the final messenger of God and that the Qur’an was revealed to him rather than authored by him.
The Qur’an itself presents a challenge:
“And if you are in doubt about what We have revealed to Our servant, then produce a surah like it…” (Qur’an 2:23)
The Qur’an's challenge is not simply a challenge to produce scientific information.
Its argument includes its language, structure, message, theology, moral teaching and literary character.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was not known as a scientist or philosopher producing a theory of the universe.
He was a messenger calling humanity to worship the One God.
The Qur’an itself repeatedly directs people away from worshipping creation and towards the Creator.
19. The Qur’an Is a Book of Signs
The Qur’an uses the word āyah, meaning a sign or indication, both for its verses and for signs in creation.
This is deeply significant.
The stars are signs.
Rain is a sign.
Human life is a sign.
The alternation of night and day is a sign.
Our own existence is a sign.
And the Qur’an itself is a sign.
The purpose is not merely to accumulate scientific facts.
The purpose is to recognise God.
The Qur’an says:
“We will show them Our signs in the universe and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth.” (Qur’an 41:53)
The universe can therefore be studied scientifically while also being contemplated spiritually.
A telescope does not replace faith.
A microscope does not replace revelation.
Instead, they can become tools through which human beings appreciate the extraordinary complexity and order of the world around them.
20. Does Science Disprove God?
Science has not demonstrated that God does not exist.
The statement “God does not exist” is not itself a scientific measurement.
It is a philosophical conclusion.
Science studies the observable and measurable aspects of the natural world. It can investigate physical causes and processes, but it cannot place God inside a laboratory and test Him as though He were a physical object.
From an Islamic perspective, God is the Creator of the universe, not a physical object contained within it.
Therefore, the question of God's existence involves philosophy, reason, revelation and reflection upon reality—not scientific experimentation alone.
A person may choose to believe that the universe exists without God, but that is a philosophical worldview, not a scientific discovery.
21. A Balanced Islamic Approach to Science
A healthy Islamic approach to science avoids two extremes.
The first extreme is to treat science as the enemy of religion.
The second is to force every scientific discovery into a Qur’anic verse and declare it a miracle without sufficient evidence.
Neither approach is necessary.
Islam encourages the pursuit of beneficial knowledge while recognising the limits of human understanding.
The Qur’an encourages observation.
Islamic civilisation demonstrates a rich history of scientific inquiry.
Revelation provides a framework of meaning and morality.
And Tawḥīd provides the foundation: the universe is not an independent accident without purpose. It belongs to and is sustained by the One Creator.
22. Science, Wonder and Worship
Imagine looking at the night sky and seeing thousands of stars.
Astronomy can tell us their distances, temperatures, masses and movements.
Physics can explain the forces governing them.
Mathematics can describe their motion.
But the Qur’an encourages us to go one step further and ask what these things mean.
Who created this universe?
Why does it possess such order?
Why are human beings capable of understanding it?
Why do we possess consciousness and the ability to reflect upon our own existence?
For a Muslim, scientific discovery can therefore deepen īmān—faith.
The scientist studies creation.
The believer recognises the Creator.
The two activities do not have to be enemies.
Conclusion: Faith, Reason and the Search for Truth
Islam does not ask a person to choose between faith and intellectual honesty.
It calls human beings to think, observe, learn and reflect.
The Qur’an is not a science textbook, but it repeatedly directs humanity towards the natural world as a collection of signs.
Muslim civilisation has a remarkable history of contributions to mathematics, medicine, astronomy, optics and other fields.
Modern science continues to reveal the extraordinary complexity and order of creation.
At the same time, scientific knowledge should not be exaggerated or manipulated to prove theological conclusions. Muslims should be confident enough in their faith to acknowledge uncertainty, distinguish established facts from theories, and avoid forcing meanings onto scripture.
The Qur’an's ultimate purpose is greater than providing scientific information.
It calls humanity to recognise its Creator.
It teaches that human beings have a purpose.
It calls us to worship the One God, live ethically, seek beneficial knowledge and use what we have been given responsibly.
The Qur’an says:
“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for those of understanding.” (Qur’an 3:190)
The universe can be studied through science.
Its signs can be contemplated through reason.
And its Creator can be recognised through revelation.
The question, ultimately, is not whether a person must choose between science and Islam.
It is whether, after looking carefully at the universe, human nature, reason and revelation, they are willing to follow the evidence wherever it leads.
Further Reading:
If you are interested in exploring Islam further, consider beginning with the Qur’an itself.
Read it carefully.
Ask questions.
Examine its claims.
Study its historical context.
And do not be afraid to investigate difficult questions.
Islam does not ask people to stop thinking.
It asks them to think deeply, honestly and with humility.
Islam Awareness Foundation (iAF) is committed to providing accessible information about Islam and encouraging respectful dialogue and understanding.
Explore more: Who Is Allah? • Why Islam? • Who Is Prophet Muhammad ﷺ? • The Pillars of Islam and Faith (Iman) • Common Misconceptions About Islam
34. Atheism: An Islamic Perspective
34. Atheism: An Islamic Perspective
Introduction
In today's world, many people identify as atheists, agnostics, or simply say they are "not religious." Some reject belief in God because of scientific theories, personal experiences, or philosophical questions. Others have never seriously explored religion or believe there is insufficient evidence to reach a conclusion.
Islam welcomes sincere questioning and thoughtful reflection. The Qur'an repeatedly invites people to think, observe, and use their intellect. Rather than asking people to believe blindly, it presents signs found in the universe, within ourselves, and in divine revelation.
This article explains the Islamic perspective on atheism and why Muslims believe that faith in one Creator is both rational and natural.
What Are Atheism and Agnosticism?
Although atheism and agnosticism are often mentioned together, they are not the same.
An atheist generally believes that there is no God or Creator.
An agnostic believes that God's existence is unknown or cannot be known with certainty.
Islam respects every person's freedom to choose their beliefs while inviting everyone to sincerely examine the evidence and reflect upon life's greatest questions.
Allah says:
"There is no compulsion in religion. Truth stands clear from falsehood." (Qur'an 2:256)
Faith cannot be forced. It must come through sincere understanding, reflection, and conviction.
Islam Encourages Thinking
One of the unique characteristics of the Qur'an is its repeated invitation to reason.
Instead of asking people to abandon logic, it asks profound questions:
Who created the universe?
Why does everything follow precise laws?
Why does life exist?
What is the purpose of human existence?
Allah says:
"We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that this is the truth." (Qur'an 41:53)
The Qur'an encourages people to observe the natural world and reflect upon themselves as signs pointing towards their Creator.
Could the Universe Come from Nothing?
One of the most fundamental questions is:
How did everything begin?
Modern science agrees that the universe had a beginning.
The Qur'an asks a remarkably simple but profound question:
"Were they created from nothing? Or were they themselves the creators? Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Rather, they are not certain." (Qur'an 52:35–36)
Everything we observe has a cause.
A building has a builder.
A painting has a painter.
A book has an author.
Likewise, the universe—with its astonishing order, mathematical precision, and complexity—points towards an intelligent Creator rather than existing by pure chance.
The Signs of Design
Everywhere we look, we find remarkable order.
The earth is perfectly suited for life.
The laws of physics remain constant.
The human body functions through extraordinarily complex biological systems.
DNA stores immense amounts of information within every living cell.
Many scientists also speak about the fine-tuning of the universe—the observation that the fundamental laws and constants of nature appear to exist within an extremely narrow range that allows life to exist. Even slight changes in these values would make life as we know it impossible.
The Qur'an repeatedly invites people to reflect upon these signs rather than dismiss them as meaningless coincidence.
Allah says:
"Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, the alternation of the night and day, the ships that sail the sea, the rain sent down from the sky, the revival of the earth after its death, the movement of the winds, and the clouds between heaven and earth are signs for people who use reason." (Qur'an 2:164)
For Muslims, science explains how many things work.
Religion explains why they exist.
The two are not enemies but can complement one another.
The Natural Disposition (Fitrah)
Islam teaches that every human being is born with a natural inclination to recognise and worship one Creator.
This innate disposition is known as fitrah.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Every child is born upon the natural disposition (fitrah)." (Sahih al-Bukhari; Sahih Muslim)
People may later adopt different beliefs because of family, culture, education, or personal experiences, but the natural search for meaning, purpose, and a higher reality remains within every person.
This helps explain why belief in a Creator has existed throughout history and across virtually every civilisation.
Does Science Remove the Need for God?
Some people assume that scientific discoveries remove the need for belief in God.
Islam does not see science and faith as being in conflict.
Throughout Islamic history, Muslim scholars made major contributions to astronomy, mathematics, medicine, chemistry, engineering, and many other fields because studying creation was viewed as a way of appreciating the Creator.
The Qur'an is not a science textbook, but it encourages observation, investigation, and reflection.
Scientific discoveries explain many of the mechanisms of the universe, but they do not answer deeper questions such as:
Why does the universe exist?
Why do the laws of nature exist?
Why is there something rather than nothing?
Why does consciousness exist?
What is the purpose of human life?
These are philosophical and spiritual questions that science alone cannot answer.
The Mystery of Human Consciousness
Human beings possess self-awareness, moral responsibility, love, creativity, and the ability to reflect upon their own existence.
Science has made remarkable progress in understanding the brain, yet the relationship between physical brain processes and conscious experience remains one of the deepest questions in philosophy and neuroscience.
Islam teaches that human beings are more than physical bodies. Allah created mankind with a ruh (soul), giving human life its unique dignity, purpose, and moral responsibility.
The Qur'an as Evidence
For Muslims, one of the greatest proofs of God's existence is the Qur'an itself.
Revealed more than 1,400 years ago to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ—who could neither read nor write—it continues to challenge humanity.
Muslims believe the Qur'an is unique because it:
has been perfectly preserved in its original Arabic language;
contains no contradictions;
provides profound spiritual and moral guidance;
invites critical thinking rather than blind belief;
transformed an entire civilisation; and
continues to be memorised by millions of people around the world.
Allah says:
"Do they not then reflect upon the Qur'an? Had it been from anyone other than Allah, they would surely have found many contradictions in it." (Qur'an 4:82)
Why Doesn't God Simply Show Himself?
A common question is:
"If God exists, why doesn't He reveal Himself directly?"
Islam explains that this life is a test.
If belief became unavoidable through direct observation, faith would no longer involve free choice.
Instead, Allah provides countless signs while allowing every person the freedom to believe or reject them.
Those who sincerely seek guidance are promised guidance.
Allah says:
"Allah guides to Himself those who turn to Him." (Qur'an 13:27)
Why Is There Suffering?
Perhaps the most difficult question people ask is:
"If God exists, why is there suffering?"
Islam teaches that this worldly life is temporary and serves as a test. People are tested in different ways. Some are tested with hardship, while others are tested with wealth, health, influence, or power. Allah judges not only what happens to us, but also how we respond to the circumstances we are given.
This earthly life also gives every person the opportunity to make their own choices freely. On the Day of Judgement, no one will be able to claim that they were judged without having lived the life they were given or without having had the opportunity to respond to Allah's guidance.
Islam also teaches that without an afterlife, many injustices would never be corrected. Tyrants may die without facing justice, while innocent people may suffer without seeing fairness in this world. The Day of Judgement ensures that every person will stand before Allah, where perfect justice will be established and no one will be wronged in the slightest.
Allah says:
"Indeed, Allah does not wrong anyone, even by the weight of an atom. And if there is a good deed, He multiplies it and grants from Himself a great reward." (Qur'an 4:40)
Every wrong will be accounted for, and every act of patience, kindness, and faith will receive its full reward.
Islam's Approach Towards Atheists
Islam teaches Muslims to treat everyone with kindness, justice, and respect, regardless of their beliefs.
The Qur'an instructs Muslims to engage in discussion with wisdom and good manners.
Allah says:
"Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in the best manner." (Qur'an 16:125)
Disagreement should never become hatred or hostility.
Many atheists and agnostics are sincere people searching for answers, and Islam encourages respectful dialogue rather than ridicule or coercion.
The Purpose of Life
Perhaps the greatest difference between Islam and atheism concerns the question of purpose.
If there is no Creator, then life ultimately has no objective meaning beyond what individuals choose for themselves.
Islam teaches that every human being was created intentionally, with wisdom and purpose.
Allah says:
"I did not create jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me." (Qur'an 51:56)
In Islam, worship is not limited to prayer. It includes living honestly, caring for others, seeking knowledge, acting justly, showing compassion, and striving to please Allah in every aspect of life.
Recognising our Creator gives meaning to both our joys and our hardships and offers hope beyond this temporary world.
Conclusion
Islam teaches that belief in God is not blind faith but a conclusion supported by reason, observation, and revelation. The order of the universe, the remarkable design of life, the innate human search for meaning, and the message of the Qur'an all point towards one Creator.
At the same time, Islam recognises that faith must be a personal choice. No one can be forced to believe, and sincere questions should be met with wisdom, evidence, and respectful dialogue.
Whether a person identifies as an atheist, an agnostic, or simply someone searching for answers, the Qur'an extends the same invitation: to reflect sincerely, observe the world with an open mind, and seek the truth with humility.
Muslims believe that those who genuinely seek guidance will find that the signs of the Creator are present both within themselves and throughout the universe, leading them towards a deeper understanding of life's purpose and the One who created it.
35. Islam Against Terrorism: A Religion of Peace and Submission
35. Islam Against Terrorism: A Religion of Peace and Submission
Islam is a religion of submission to Almighty Allah, and its teachings emphasise peace, justice, mercy, compassion, and respect for human life. These principles are found throughout the Qur'an and in the authentic teachings and example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
The Very Name of Islam Is Connected with Peace
The word Islam comes from the Arabic root S-L-M, from which words such as Salām (peace) are also derived. Islam means willingly submitting oneself to Almighty Allah, a submission that brings inner peace and encourages harmony, justice, and good conduct towards others.
One of the most common greetings among Muslims is:
"As-salāmu 'alaykum" (Peace be upon you.)
This is more than a social greeting. It is a prayer for peace, safety, mercy, and blessings for the person being greeted.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also encouraged Muslims to spread peace:
"Spread peace among yourselves." (Sahih Muslim)
Peace, therefore, is not simply the absence of conflict. Islam encourages believers to create peaceful families, communities, and societies through faith, justice, mercy, and good character.
The Sacredness of Human Life
Islam places great value on human life. The deliberate killing of innocent people is among the gravest sins.
Allah says:
"Whoever kills a person—unless in the course of justice for murder or spreading corruption in the land—it is as though he has killed all mankind. And whoever saves a life, it is as though he has saved all mankind." (Qur'an 5:32)
This verse demonstrates the seriousness with which Islam regards human life. Saving and protecting life is an act of great righteousness, while unjustly taking an innocent life is a grave violation of Allah's commands.
Islam also teaches that justice must be upheld even when people disagree, and that hatred must never become an excuse for injustice.
Allah says:
"Do not let the hatred of a people cause you to act unjustly. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness." (Qur'an 5:8)
Justice, Mercy and Good Character
Islam does not merely prohibit wrongdoing; it actively commands Muslims to develop good character and treat others with kindness and justice.
Allah says:
"Allah does not forbid you from showing kindness and acting justly towards those who have not fought you because of religion or driven you from your homes. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly." (Qur'an 60:8)
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught Muslims to be honest, trustworthy, compassionate, generous, patient, and forgiving. He encouraged believers to care for their neighbours, help those in need, visit the sick, fulfil their promises, and treat others with dignity.
He said:
"The believer is the one from whose tongue and hand people are safe." (Sunan an-Nasa'i)
This principle reflects an important part of Islamic character: a true believer should be a source of safety rather than harm to those around them.
The Prophet ﷺ also said:
"The Most Merciful shows mercy to those who are merciful. Show mercy to those on the earth, and the One above the heavens will show mercy to you." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
The Rights of Others
Islam protects not only people's physical safety but also their dignity, property, reputation, and rights.
For example, Islam prohibits gheebah (backbiting)—speaking about another person in a way they would dislike even when what is said is true. It also condemns slander, lying, cheating, oppression, betrayal, and unjustly harming others.
The Qur'an warns believers against backbiting:
"Do not backbite one another." (Qur'an 49:12)
Islam also places great importance on the rights of neighbours. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ repeatedly encouraged Muslims to care for their neighbours and ensure that they were not harmed.
These teachings show how seriously Islam takes the wellbeing and dignity of others. A Muslim is expected to control not only their actions but also their speech and behaviour towards other people.
The Patience, Mercy, and Rules of Engagement of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
The life (Seerah) of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ provides an important example of patience, restraint, forgiveness, and moral courage.
During the first thirteen years of his mission in Makkah, the Prophet ﷺ and his followers faced severe persecution, social pressure, physical abuse, threats, and assassination attempts. One of the most severe trials was the three-year social and economic boycott, during which the Prophet ﷺ, his family, and his supporters were isolated and subjected to severe hardship and deprivation.
Despite these trials, the Prophet ﷺ did not respond with personal revenge, hatred, or uncontrolled violence. He continued calling people towards the worship of Allah with wisdom, patience, prayer, and perseverance. His example demonstrates that true strength is not simply the ability to fight, but also the ability to exercise self-control, remain patient during hardship, forgive when appropriate, and stand firmly for what is right.
One of the clearest examples of the Prophet's ﷺ mercy came at the Conquest of Makkah. After years of persecution, expulsion, conflict, and suffering, the Prophet ﷺ entered Makkah with the strength to seek revenge against those who had opposed and persecuted him. Instead, his approach was largely one of forgiveness and mercy. Many of those who had previously opposed him were pardoned, and he did not turn the victory into an opportunity for widespread retaliation. This remarkable response demonstrated that victory is not a licence for revenge and that forgiveness, when appropriate, can be a greater expression of strength than retaliation.
When defensive military action was eventually permitted in Medina, strict rules of conduct were established. Islam does not permit warfare to become an excuse for cruelty, treachery, or arbitrary destruction.
Before dispatching forces, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Caliph Abu Bakr issued clear instructions to their armies concerning the protection of life, property, and the environment.
Protect Non-Combatants: Do not kill women, children, or other people who are not participating in fighting.
Protect Those Under Protection: Do not harm people who are living under a covenant or protection.
Prohibit Mutilation: Do not mutilate or desecrate the bodies of the dead.
Protect Agriculture and Trees: Do not destroy crops or unnecessarily cut down fruitful trees.
Protect Animals: Do not destroy livestock unnecessarily.
Respect Places and Property: Do not engage in unnecessary destruction of homes, cultivated land, or inhabited areas.
Honour Treaties: Keep agreements and do not act through treachery or betrayal.
Treat Captives Humanely: Captives and prisoners are to be treated with humanity and dignity.
These principles are found across the classical Islamic sources, including Sunan Abi Dawud, Al-Muwatta of Imam Malik, Musnad Ahmad, and Sahih al-Bukhari.
"Whoever kills a person who is under a covenant of protection shall not smell the fragrance of Paradise, though its fragrance may be detected from a distance of forty years." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
The Prophet ﷺ therefore taught that even during conflict there are limits that must not be crossed. Deliberately targeting people who are not participating in fighting, violating covenants, committing treachery, or causing unnecessary destruction cannot be presented as an expression of the mercy, justice, and moral discipline taught by Islam.
The example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ shows that Islam does not measure strength merely by the ability to defeat an opponent. Patience during persecution, restraint during conflict, forgiveness after victory, and justice even towards those with whom one disagrees are all part of the moral character Islam seeks to develop.
Terrorism Has No Place in Islam
Terrorism involves deliberately causing fear and harm to innocent people, often for political, ideological, or religious purposes.
Such actions contradict the fundamental principles of Islam.
The Qur'an commands justice, prohibits the unlawful taking of life, and teaches Muslims to respect the rights and dignity of others. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught mercy, restraint, protection of innocent people, and accountability before Allah.
Therefore, individuals or organisations that deliberately target innocent people and claim to act in the name of Islam cannot use those actions as a representation of authentic Islamic teaching.
The actions of a small group should not be used to define more than two billion Muslims, just as the crimes of individuals from any other community should not automatically be attributed to everyone who shares their religion, nationality, ethnicity, or background.
It is also important to recognise that Muslims themselves have suffered greatly from terrorism and extremism. Terrorist organisations have harmed Muslim families, communities, mosques, schools, markets, and other places where ordinary people live and worship.
Suicide Attacks and the Sanctity of Life
Islam also strongly prohibits suicide and the deliberate killing of innocent people.
Allah says:
"And do not kill yourselves. Surely Allah is Most Merciful to you." (Qur'an 4:29)
Human life is a trust from Allah. A person cannot justify taking their own life or the lives of innocent people by claiming a religious purpose.
Using suicide as a means of carrying out violence therefore has no legitimate basis in Islamic teaching.
The combination of suicide and the deliberate targeting of innocent people represents a direct violation of the principles of the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
Muslims Reject Extremism and Terrorism
Mainstream Muslim scholarship has consistently rejected the unlawful killing of innocent people and the misuse of Islam to justify violence.
Muslims around the world—including in the United Kingdom—live ordinary lives, raise families, work in many professions, care for their neighbours, support charitable causes, and contribute to their communities.
Many Muslims are doctors, nurses, teachers, police officers, firefighters, business owners, charity volunteers, and public servants.
They are also among the people who have suffered from terrorism and extremism.
Islam should therefore be understood through its authentic sources—the Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ—not through the actions of individuals or organisations that violate those teachings.
Islam Promotes Peace, Justice and Mercy
Islam calls believers to worship Allah and to live responsibly towards His creation.
It teaches Muslims to:
Protect human life.
Act with justice.
Show mercy and kindness.
Respect the rights of others.
Care for neighbours and those in need.
Keep promises and honour agreements.
Control anger and avoid revenge.
Forgive when forgiveness is appropriate.
Stand against oppression without becoming unjust themselves.
Allah says:
"Indeed, Allah commands justice, excellence, and giving to relatives, and forbids immorality, wrongdoing, and oppression." (Qur'an 16:90)
These principles form an important part of Islamic morality and provide a clear framework for how Muslims are expected to live.
Conclusion
Islam is a religion of submission to Almighty Allah, founded upon faith, justice, mercy, compassion, and responsibility.
Its teachings place great value on human life and require Muslims to treat others with fairness, kindness, and dignity. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ demonstrated patience during persecution and taught clear principles of mercy, good character, and protection of innocent people.
Terrorism, the deliberate killing of innocent people, and acts of cruelty cannot be reconciled with these fundamental Islamic teachings.
To understand Islam fairly, it is important to study what Islam actually teaches through the Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah rather than judging the religion by the actions of individuals or groups who contradict its principles.
Greater understanding can help replace fear and misunderstanding with knowledge, respect, and meaningful dialogue between people of all backgrounds.
Further Reading:
36. What Happens After Death?
36. What Happens After Death?
Introduction
Death is a reality that every person will face. Regardless of wealth, status, nationality, or background, every human being will one day leave this world.
Throughout history, people have asked the same profound questions:
What happens after death?
Is death the end of existence?
Will we be held accountable for our actions?
Is there a life beyond this one?
Islam provides clear and reassuring answers to these questions. It teaches that death is not the end of our existence but the beginning of the next stage of our journey.
Death Is a Transition, Not an End
Islam teaches that human beings were not created only for this temporary world.
Allah says:
"Every soul shall taste death, and you will only be given your full reward on the Day of Resurrection." (Qur'an 3:185)
Death is therefore not the end of life but a transition from this world to the next.
Just as a child leaves the safety of the womb to enter this world, every person leaves this world to enter the life that follows. Although death may seem like an ending to those who remain behind, Islam teaches that it is the beginning of an eternal existence.
The Purpose of This Life
Islam teaches that our life in this world is a test.
Allah says:
"He who created death and life to test you as to which of you is best in deeds." (Qur'an 67:2)
Allah has given every person intellect, free will, and guidance through His prophets and revealed scriptures. Throughout our lives, we make choices between right and wrong, truth and falsehood, kindness and injustice.
Our decisions shape our character and determine our outcome in the Hereafter.
The Soul After Death
When a person dies, the soul departs from the body.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that after death every person enters a stage known as Barzakh—an intermediate life between this world and the Day of Resurrection.
Although the full reality of Barzakh is known only to Allah, authentic Islamic teachings explain that the soul remains aware of its condition.
The Prophet ﷺ also taught that the deceased will be questioned about the most fundamental matters of faith: Who is your Lord? What is your religion? Who is your Prophet?
For those who believed sincerely and lived according to Allah's guidance, Barzakh is a place of peace, comfort, and hope.
For those who knowingly rejected Allah and persisted in wrongdoing, it can be a place of regret and distress as they await the Day of Judgement.
The Day of Resurrection
Islam teaches that one day Allah will bring every human being back to life.
Allah says:
"Then indeed, after that, you will die. Then indeed, on the Day of Resurrection, you will be raised." (Qur'an 23:15–16)
From the very first human being to the last, every person will be resurrected and gathered before Allah.
This is known as the Day of Judgement, when every soul will stand before its Creator.
Accountability Before Allah
On the Day of Judgement, every person will be held accountable for their beliefs, words, intentions, and actions.
Allah says:
"So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." (Qur'an 99:7–8)
Nothing will be hidden.
Every act of honesty, kindness, charity, patience, forgiveness, and worship will be known to Allah. Likewise, every injustice, deception, and wrongdoing will also be brought forward.
Allah is perfectly just and judges every person with complete knowledge, wisdom, and fairness.
Paradise (Jannah)
For those who believed in Allah and sincerely followed His guidance, Allah has prepared Paradise (Jannah).
The Qur'an describes Paradise as an eternal home of peace, happiness, beauty, security, and complete freedom from suffering, sadness, fear, illness, and death.
Allah says:
"No soul knows what delights have been hidden for them as a reward for what they used to do." (Qur'an 32:17)
The greatest blessing of Paradise is Allah's pleasure and the everlasting joy He grants to its people.
Hellfire (Jahannam)
Islam also teaches that those who knowingly reject Allah and persist in disbelief and wrongdoing without repentance face punishment in the Hereafter.
The Qur'an repeatedly warns about Hellfire, not to remove hope, but to encourage people to turn back to Allah before it is too late.
Throughout the Qur'an, Allah's warnings are accompanied by repeated invitations to repentance, forgiveness, and mercy.
Allah's Mercy
Although people will be judged according to their beliefs and actions, Muslims do not rely upon their deeds alone.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that no one enters Paradise purely because of their deeds, but through the mercy of Allah.
This beautiful balance between accountability and mercy lies at the heart of the Islamic understanding of the Hereafter.
Allah repeatedly describes Himself as:
"The Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful." (Qur'an 1:3)
No matter how great a person's mistakes may be, the door of sincere repentance remains open until death.
Preparing for the Hereafter
Islam encourages every person to prepare for the life to come by worshipping Allah alone, performing righteous deeds, treating others with kindness and honesty, seeking forgiveness, helping those in need, and following the guidance of His prophets.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also taught that some good deeds continue to benefit a person even after death. These include ongoing charity (Sadaqah Jariyah), beneficial knowledge that people continue to learn from, and righteous children who pray for their parents.
In this way, a believer's legacy of goodness can continue long after they have left this world.
Why Belief in the Hereafter Matters
Belief in the Hereafter gives life meaning, purpose, and hope.
It reminds us that this world is temporary and that perfect justice belongs to Allah alone.
In this life, many good people suffer without seeing justice, while some who oppress others appear to escape accountability. Islam teaches that no act of goodness will ever be forgotten, and no injustice will ultimately go unanswered.
The Day of Judgement assures humanity that every wrong will be addressed with perfect justice and every sincere act of goodness will receive its full reward.
This belief encourages people to live with honesty, compassion, responsibility, and hope, knowing that nothing done for the sake of Allah is ever wasted.
Conclusion
Islam teaches that death is not the end of existence but the beginning of an eternal journey. After death, every soul enters the next stage of life, awaits the Day of Resurrection, and will stand before Allah to be judged with perfect justice and complete fairness.
Those who believe in Allah, seek His guidance, repent sincerely, and strive to live righteous lives look forward to His mercy and the everlasting reward of Paradise.
The message of Islam is therefore one of both hope and responsibility. Allah is perfectly just, yet He is also the Most Merciful. Every person has the opportunity, while life remains, to turn to Him, seek His forgiveness, perform righteous deeds, and prepare for the eternal life that awaits us all.
37. The Day of Judgement
37. The Day of Judgement
Introduction
What happens after we die? Is this life all there is, or will we one day return to our Creator?
Islam teaches that death is not the end of human existence. Every person will ultimately be resurrected and brought before Allah for the Day of Judgement (Yawm al-Qiyamah). On that day, every person will be held accountable for their faith, choices, words, and actions.
For Muslims, belief in the Day of Judgement is not simply a belief about the future. It gives life meaning, encourages justice and personal responsibility, and reminds us that our actions have consequences beyond this temporary world.
In this article, we explore what Islam teaches about the Day of Judgement, its signs, the resurrection, accountability, Allah's justice and mercy, and the eternal life that follows.
In Islam, belief in the Day of Judgement (Yawm al-Qiyamah) is the fifth Article of Faith (Arkan al-Iman). Muslims believe that this life is not the end of human existence. After death, every person will ultimately be resurrected and brought before Allah for judgement.
The Day of Judgement is the day of perfect justice, when every person will be accountable for their faith, choices, words, and actions. Nothing will be forgotten, and no one will be treated unfairly.
Allah says:
"Did you think that We created you uselessly and that to Us you would not be returned?" (Qur'an 23:115)
1. Why Is There a Day of Judgement?
Life contains both justice and injustice. Some people do great good, while others cause terrible harm. Some wrongdoers escape justice in this world, while innocent people may suffer without seeing justice served.
Islam teaches that Allah's justice is not limited to this temporary life. The Day of Judgement ensures that every person will ultimately be held accountable and that every wrong will be dealt with according to Allah's perfect knowledge and wisdom.
Allah says:
"Indeed, Allah does not wrong even an atom's weight." (Qur'an 4:40)
The Day of Judgement therefore gives human life a profound sense of responsibility. Our choices matter, even when nobody else sees them.
2. When Will the Day of Judgement Occur?
The exact time of the Day of Judgement is known only to Allah.
When people asked Prophet Muhammad ﷺ about the Hour, Allah revealed:
"They ask you about the Hour, when is its arrival? Say, 'Its knowledge is only with my Lord.'" (Qur'an 7:187)
The Prophet ﷺ also taught that the Hour will come suddenly.
The timing is therefore not something human beings can calculate or predict. Muslims are instead encouraged to prepare for it through faith, repentance, worship, and righteous actions.
3. Signs of the Day of Judgement
Although its exact time is unknown, Allah and His Messenger ﷺ have informed us of signs that will precede it.
Minor Signs
Among the signs mentioned in authentic Hadith are increasing competition in constructing tall buildings, widespread dishonesty, the loss of religious knowledge, and the spread of various forms of immorality.
For example, the Prophet ﷺ said:
"When you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings." (Sahih Muslim)
These signs are reminders rather than a timetable from which people can calculate the exact date of the Hour.
Major Signs
The Qur'an and authentic Sunnah also describe major events that will occur before the end of the world, including:
The emergence of Al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the False Messiah).
The return of Jesus (Isa) peace be upon him.
The emergence of Ya'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog).
The rising of the sun from the west.
The emergence of the Beast of the Earth.
The smoke mentioned in the Qur'an.
Other major events described in authentic revelation.
The exact sequence and timing of every sign should not be claimed beyond what has been authentically established.
4. The Trumpet and the Resurrection
One of the great events marking the end of this world is the blowing of the Trumpet.
Allah says:
"And the Trumpet will be blown, and whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth will fall unconscious, except whom Allah wills. Then it will be blown again, and at once they will be standing, looking on." (Qur'an 39:68)
After this, Allah will resurrect humanity.
Every person who has ever lived will be brought back to life and gathered for judgement. No generation will be forgotten, regardless of how long ago they lived or where they were buried.
Allah says:
"As We began the first creation, We will repeat it." (Qur'an 21:104)
The resurrection demonstrates Allah's complete power over life and death.
5. The Gathering
After the resurrection, humanity will be gathered before Allah.
The Prophet ﷺ described the people being gathered on the Day of Resurrection, without worldly distinctions of wealth, status, nationality, or position.
On that day, every person will stand as an individual before their Creator.
Worldly possessions will no longer matter. What will matter is what a person believed and what they did with the life they were given.
Allah says:
"The Day when We will gather the righteous to the Most Merciful as a delegation." (Qur'an 19:85)
6. The Book of Deeds
Every person's deeds will be presented to them.
Allah says:
"And the record will be placed, and you will see the criminals fearful of what is within it, and they will say, 'Oh, woe to us! What is this book that leaves nothing small or great except that it has enumerated it?'" (Qur'an 18:49)
The Qur'an describes the righteous receiving their records in their right hands, while the records of others are given in their left hands or from behind their backs.
Allah says:
"So as for he who is given his record in his right hand, he will say, 'Here, read my record!'" (Qur'an 69:19)
This reminds Muslims that their actions are never meaningless. Even deeds that seem small are known to Allah.
7. The Scale of Deeds
Islam also teaches that deeds will be weighed on the Mizan (the Scale).
Allah says:
"And We will set up the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so no soul will be treated unjustly at all. And if there is even the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it forth." (Qur'an 21:47)
The Day of Judgement is therefore a day of absolute precision and justice. No good deed will be overlooked, and no wrongdoing will escape Allah's knowledge.
Allah says:
"So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." (Qur'an 99:7–8)
8. Allah's Justice and Mercy
Although the Day of Judgement is a day of accountability, Islam does not teach that people should despair of Allah's mercy.
Allah's justice is perfect, but His mercy is also immense.
The Prophet ﷺ taught that Allah multiplies the reward of good deeds. A good deed may be rewarded tenfold and may be multiplied far beyond that according to Allah's generosity.
A person who sincerely repents and turns back to Allah can also have their sins forgiven.
Allah says:
"Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful." (Qur'an 39:53)
This balance between accountability and hope is central to Islamic faith. Muslims are neither encouraged to feel secure regardless of their actions nor to despair of Allah's mercy.
9. Intercession
Islam also teaches about Shafa'ah (intercession).
On the Day of Judgement, intercession will occur only by Allah's permission. No prophet, angel, or righteous person has independent power to forgive sins or determine someone's final destiny.
Allah says:
"Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His permission?" (Qur'an 2:255)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ will be granted a special form of intercession by Allah's permission.
This reinforces an essential principle of Islam: salvation ultimately belongs to Allah, and no created being possesses independent authority over the Hereafter.
10. Paradise and Hell
After judgement, people will ultimately be directed to their eternal destination.
Paradise (Jannah)
Paradise is the everlasting home prepared by Allah for those who believe in Him and live according to His guidance.
Allah describes it as a place of peace, joy, security, and blessings beyond anything experienced in this world.
Allah says:
"For them will be whatever they wish therein, and with Us is more." (Qur'an 50:35)
The greatest reward of Paradise is not merely its physical blessings, but Allah's pleasure and the honour of seeing Him in the Hereafter, as established in authentic Islamic teachings.
Hell (Jahannam)
Hell is the place of punishment prepared for those who reject the truth and persist in wrongdoing.
Islam teaches that Allah does not punish anyone unjustly. His judgement is based upon perfect knowledge of every person's circumstances, intentions, opportunities, and actions.
Allah says:
"And your Lord is not ever unjust to His servants." (Qur'an 41:46)
The descriptions of Paradise and Hell in the Qur'an are intended to remind humanity that our choices have eternal consequences.
11. Why Belief in the Day of Judgement Matters
Belief in the Hereafter changes how a Muslim approaches everyday life.
It encourages honesty when nobody is watching, kindness when there is nothing to gain, patience during hardship, repentance after mistakes, and justice even when it is difficult.
A person who believes that every action will ultimately be accounted for has a powerful reason to live responsibly.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"The intelligent person is the one who takes himself to account and works for what comes after death." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
The Day of Judgement therefore gives life moral purpose. It reminds Muslims that success is not measured only by wealth, status, education, or worldly achievement.
The ultimate success is to meet Allah with sincere faith and a record of righteous deeds.
Key Takeaway
The Day of Judgement is the day when every human being will be resurrected and brought before Allah for perfect justice. Every belief, word, and action will matter, and no good deed or injustice will be forgotten.
For Muslims, belief in the Hereafter gives life purpose, encourages personal responsibility, and provides hope that every wrong will ultimately be judged with perfect justice.
The Day of Judgement reminds us that this life is temporary, our choices matter, and our ultimate return is to Allah.
38. Paradise and Hell in Islam: The Final Destination
38. Paradise and Hell in Islam: The Final Destination
Belief in the Hereafter (Akhirah) is one of the Six Articles of Faith in Islam. Muslims believe that this worldly life is temporary and purposeful, and that every human being will ultimately be resurrected and held accountable before Allah.
After the Day of Judgement, people will enter their final destination: Paradise (Jannah) or Hell (Jahannam).
The belief in Paradise and Hell gives life meaning and reminds Muslims that their choices, beliefs, character, and actions have lasting consequences. It also provides hope that no sincere act of goodness will ever be lost and that no injustice will ultimately go unanswered.
This World Is Temporary
Islam teaches that this life is a temporary stage of existence and a test.
Allah says:
"Every soul will taste death, and you will only be given your full compensation on the Day of Resurrection. So whoever is drawn away from the Fire and admitted to Paradise has attained success. And what is the life of this world except the enjoyment of delusion." (Qur'an 3:185)
This does not mean that Muslims should abandon the world or its responsibilities. Rather, Muslims are encouraged to use the blessings of this life wisely, worship Allah, treat others well, and prepare for the Hereafter.
Paradise (Jannah)
Jannah is the everlasting home prepared by Allah for those who believe in Him and, by His mercy, are admitted into it.
The Qur'an describes Paradise as a place of peace, security, happiness, beautiful gardens, flowing rivers, and blessings beyond anything experienced in this world.
A Place Without Suffering
In Paradise there will be no death, illness, exhaustion, fear, grief, hatred, or sorrow.
Allah says:
"Praise be to Allah, who has removed from us all sorrow. Indeed, our Lord is Forgiving and Appreciative." (Qur'an 35:34)
The inhabitants of Paradise will live in complete peace and contentment, free from the difficulties and suffering of worldly life.
Blessings Beyond Our Imagination
The Qur'an describes gardens beneath which rivers flow and many forms of beauty and enjoyment.
Yet the reality of Paradise is far greater than anything human beings can fully imagine.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said that Allah has prepared for His righteous servants:
"What no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no human heart has imagined." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
These descriptions help us understand the greatness of Paradise, while reminding us that its true reality is beyond our worldly experience.
The Greatest Reward
The greatest reward of Paradise is not simply its beautiful surroundings or physical blessings. Muslims believe that the greatest reward is the pleasure of Allah and the honour of seeing Him in the Hereafter.
Allah says:
"For those who do good is the best reward and even more." (Qur'an 10:26)
The "more" has been explained in authentic Islamic teachings as the believers being granted the honour of seeing their Lord.
Hell (Jahannam)
Islam also teaches that Hell is real. It is a place of punishment and ultimate justice for those whom Allah judges deserving of it.
The Qur'an describes Hell as a place of severe punishment and profound regret. These descriptions are intended as a serious warning and a reminder that human choices have consequences.
Allah says:
"And your Lord is not ever unjust to His servants." (Qur'an 41:46)
Allah's judgement is perfectly just. He knows every person's circumstances, intentions, opportunities, choices, and actions, and no one will be treated unfairly.
A Warning Against Rejecting Guidance and Doing Wrong
The Qur'an repeatedly warns humanity against disbelief, arrogance, oppression, injustice, and persistent wrongdoing.
At the same time, Islam does not teach Muslims to appoint themselves as judges over individual people or declare who will enter Paradise or Hell. Final judgement belongs to Allah alone.
Allah says:
"Indeed, Allah does not wrong even as much as an atom's weight." (Qur'an 4:40)
Regret and Accountability
The Qur'an describes the profound regret of those who realise, after death, that they failed to take the opportunity to turn towards Allah and live according to His guidance.
Allah says:
"If only we had been listening or reasoning, we would not be among the companions of the Blaze." (Qur'an 67:10)
This is one reason Islam encourages people not to delay repentance or assume that they will always have another opportunity.
Allah's Mercy and Forgiveness
Although Islam teaches about the seriousness of Hell, it places enormous emphasis on Allah's mercy.
Allah says:
"Say, 'O My servants who have transgressed against themselves, do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful.'" (Qur'an 39:53)
This verse is a powerful reminder that a person should never give up hope in Allah's forgiveness while they are alive.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also taught that Allah's mercy is greater than His wrath:
"My mercy prevails over My wrath." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
Islam therefore encourages sincere repentance, turning back to Allah, correcting one's wrongs, and striving to live a righteous life.
Hope and Fear
A healthy Islamic life balances hope in Allah's mercy with awareness of accountability.
A Muslim hopes for Allah's forgiveness, Paradise, and His pleasure, while also fearing the consequences of sin and injustice.
This balance encourages a person to:
Worship Allah sincerely.
Treat other people with kindness and justice.
Avoid oppression and wrongdoing.
Repent when mistakes are made.
Never despair of Allah's mercy.
Remember that every good deed matters.
The purpose is not to live in constant fear, but to develop a sincere relationship with Allah that inspires good character, responsibility, humility, and hope.
Why Do Muslims Believe in Paradise and Hell?
The belief in Paradise and Hell answers one of humanity's deepest questions: Does our life ultimately matter?
Islam teaches that it does.
A person who suffers injustice may not always receive justice in this world. A person who dedicates their life to helping others may not always receive recognition. Likewise, someone who commits terrible wrongdoing may sometimes escape worldly consequences.
The Hereafter assures Muslims that worldly life is not the final chapter.
Allah's perfect justice means that every deed will ultimately be accounted for, while His mercy means that sincere faith, repentance, and righteous actions are never meaningless.
Allah says:
"So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." (Qur'an 99:7–8)
Conclusion
Paradise and Hell are central to the Islamic understanding of life, death, accountability, justice, and mercy.
Jannah represents everlasting peace, happiness, and the pleasure of Allah. Jahannam represents the reality of divine justice and the consequences of persistent rejection of truth and wrongdoing.
For Muslims, belief in the Hereafter is not simply a belief about what happens after death. It shapes how they live today—encouraging worship, honesty, kindness, patience, repentance, justice, and care for others.
Ultimately, Muslims believe that Allah is perfectly Just and immensely Merciful, and that every human being will receive a completely fair judgement from the One who knows what is hidden and what is apparent.
The message of Islam is therefore both a warning and an invitation: do not waste the opportunity of this life, turn sincerely towards Allah, do good, seek forgiveness, and hope for His mercy and the everlasting success of Paradise.
Ready to Take the Next Step?
If, after learning about Islam, you believe that it is the truth and you wish to become a Muslim, taking the Shahadah (Declaration of Faith) is simple. There is no ceremony, membership, or intermediary required—only sincere belief in Allah and acceptance of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as His final Messenger.
Ready to Become a Muslim?
If, after learning about Islam, you believe that it is the truth and wish to become a Muslim, taking the Shahadah (Declaration of Faith) is simple. There is no ceremony, membership, or intermediary required—only sincere belief in Allah and acceptance of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as His final Messenger.
For a simple step-by-step guide on embracing Islam and taking the Shahadah, please visit:
👉 How to Become a Muslim (Shahadah)
https://www.iaf.charity/explore-islam/how-to-become-a-muslim
If you have any questions or would like to speak with someone before taking this important step, please feel free to contact us. We would be honoured to support you on your journey.
ISLAMIC LIFE & HERITAGE❤️
ISLAMIC LIFE & HERITAGE❤️
39. The Companions of the Prophet ﷺ: The First Generation of Islam
39. The Companions of the Prophet ﷺ: The First Generation of Islam
The Companions of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, known in Arabic as the Sahabah, hold a unique and honoured place in Islam. They were the men and women who met the Prophet ﷺ, believed in his message, supported him, and died as Muslims.
They were the first generation to hear the Qur'an directly from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, witness how he lived its teachings, and learn the practical details of Islam from him.
Their importance in Islamic history cannot be overstated. They preserved the Qur'an, transmitted the teachings and example of the Prophet ﷺ, established Muslim communities, and passed their knowledge to the generations that followed.
For Muslims today, the Companions are not simply figures from history. Their lives provide examples of faith, sacrifice, patience, generosity, courage, knowledge, loyalty, and love for Allah and His Messenger ﷺ.
Who Were the Companions?
A Companion (Sahabi) is a person who met Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as a believer and died as a Muslim.
The Companions came from many different backgrounds. They included men and women, young and old, wealthy and poor, Arabs and non-Arabs, leaders and people who had previously been enslaved.
What united them was not their race, wealth, tribe, or social position. It was their belief in Allah and their acceptance of the message brought by His Messenger ﷺ.
Allah says:
"Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you." (Qur'an 49:13)
The Companions demonstrated this principle in the earliest Muslim community.
The Rightly Guided Caliphs
After the death of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, four of his closest Companions successively led the Muslim community. They are known as Al-Khulafa' ar-Rashidun, meaning the Rightly Guided Caliphs.
Their leadership is remembered for faith, justice, sacrifice, knowledge, courage, and service to the Muslim community.
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him
Abu Bakr was the Prophet's ﷺ closest friend and the first Caliph after his death. He was known for his unwavering faith, loyalty, humility, wisdom, and generosity.
He stood firmly by Islam during some of the most difficult periods in the early Muslim community and remained a trusted companion of the Prophet ﷺ throughout his mission.
Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him
Umar was the second Caliph. He became renowned for his justice, courage, strength of character, and concern for the welfare of the people under his leadership.
His life is remembered as an example of responsibility, accountability, and standing firmly for what is right.
Uthman ibn Affan, may Allah be pleased with him
Uthman was the third Caliph and one of the close Companions of the Prophet ﷺ. He was known for his extraordinary generosity, modesty, patience, and devotion to Islam.
During his caliphate, standard written copies of the Qur'an were prepared and distributed to different regions of the growing Muslim community.
Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him
Ali was the Prophet's ﷺ cousin and son-in-law and the fourth Caliph. He was known for his courage, knowledge, wisdom, and devotion to Islam.
He was also among the earliest people to accept the Prophet's ﷺ message and remained closely connected to him throughout his life.
Why Are the Companions Important in Islam?
The Companions were the generation closest to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. They learned Islam directly from him and then transmitted what they had learned to those who came after them.
They were therefore an essential link in the preservation and transmission of Islamic knowledge.
They:
Memorised and preserved the Qur'an.
Recorded and transmitted Qur'anic revelation.
Learned the Sunnah directly from the Prophet ﷺ.
Passed on his sayings, actions, and teachings.
Taught Islam to the generations that followed.
Established Muslim communities in different regions.
Demonstrated how Islamic teachings could be lived in everyday life.
Without the dedication of this first generation, the knowledge of how the Prophet ﷺ taught and practised Islam would not have reached later generations in the same way.
Their Love for Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
The Companions had a deep love and respect for the Prophet ﷺ.
They listened to him carefully, followed his guidance, protected him, supported him through hardship, and treasured his teachings.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"None of you truly believes until I am more beloved to him than his father, his child, and all the people." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
Their love was not simply emotional. It was expressed through obedience, sacrifice, patience, and a sincere desire to follow his example.
They observed how he prayed, treated his family, dealt with neighbours, showed kindness, settled disputes, helped the poor, and interacted with people of different backgrounds. They then passed these lessons to later generations.
Their Sacrifice for Islam
Many of the early Companions accepted Islam when doing so brought serious personal difficulties.
Some were persecuted, mocked, threatened, imprisoned, tortured, or separated from their families. Others gave up wealth, homes, businesses, and social status for the sake of their faith.
Allah praises those who believed, migrated, and supported the Messenger ﷺ:
"Those who believed, emigrated, and strove in the cause of Allah, and those who gave shelter and aided—they are the true believers." (Qur'an 8:74)
Their sacrifices remind Muslims that faith is not simply a statement made with the tongue. It can require patience, courage, generosity, and putting one's principles before personal comfort.
The Muhajirun and the Ansar
Two groups hold a particularly important place in the early history of Islam.
The Muhajirun — The Emigrants
The Muhajirun were Muslims who left Makkah and migrated to Madinah for the sake of their faith.
For many, this meant leaving behind their homes, wealth, businesses, relatives, and familiar surroundings.
Their migration was one of the greatest sacrifices made by the early Muslims.
The Ansar — The Helpers
The people of Madinah who welcomed and supported the Prophet ﷺ and the Muhajirun became known as the Ansar, meaning "the Helpers."
They opened their homes, shared their resources, and supported the emigrants who had arrived with very little.
Allah praises both groups:
"The first forerunners among the Muhajireen and the Ansar and those who followed them with excellence—Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him." (Qur'an 9:100)
The relationship between the Muhajirun and Ansar became a powerful example of brotherhood, generosity, and putting faith above worldly differences.
The Female Companions
Women played an essential role in the first Muslim community.
The female Companions, known as Sahabiyyat, were not merely observers of Islamic history. They were believers, teachers, scholars, mothers, wives, community members, and important transmitters of knowledge.
Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, may Allah be pleased with her
Khadijah was the wife of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and the first person to believe in his message.
When the Prophet ﷺ returned home after receiving the first revelation, she supported and reassured him.
She stood beside him during the difficult early years of his mission and supported him with her wealth, encouragement, and loyalty.
The Prophet ﷺ continued to remember her with great love and appreciation throughout his life.
Aishah bint Abi Bakr, may Allah be pleased with her
Aishah became one of the most important scholars of the early Muslim community.
She transmitted a large number of Hadith and taught Companions and later generations about the Qur'an, Sunnah, worship, family life, and Islamic law.
Her knowledge became an important source of Islamic learning for generations that followed.
Nusaybah bint Ka'b, may Allah be pleased with her
Nusaybah, also known as Umm 'Umara, was among the courageous women of the early Muslim community.
She participated in the events surrounding the Battle of Uhud and became known for her courage and commitment to protecting the Prophet ﷺ.
Her story is an example of the determination and sacrifice shown by many women among the Companions.
The Diversity of the Companions
The early Muslim community included people from different ethnicities and social backgrounds.
Bilal ibn Rabah, may Allah be pleased with him
Bilal was of Abyssinian origin and had previously been enslaved.
He endured severe persecution because of his faith but remained steadfast.
After the Muslims established their community in Madinah, Bilal became famous as a mu'adhdhin—the caller to prayer.
His story demonstrates that Islam challenged the idea that a person's worth is determined by race, wealth, or social status.
Salman al-Farisi, may Allah be pleased with him
Salman was a Persian who travelled in search of religious truth before eventually accepting Islam.
His journey demonstrates that people from outside Arabia were also among the early followers of Islam.
Suhaib al-Rumi, may Allah be pleased with him
Suhaib was another Companion who made great sacrifices for his faith and migration.
His life, like those of many other Companions, demonstrates that accepting Islam could require giving up significant worldly possessions for the sake of Allah.
Their Role in Preserving the Qur'an
The Companions played a central role in preserving the Qur'an.
During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, many Companions memorised the Qur'an while others recorded its verses in writing.
After the Prophet ﷺ passed away, the early Muslim leadership took important steps to gather the written Qur'anic material and preserve it in a unified written collection.
Later, during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, standard written copies were prepared and distributed to different regions of the growing Muslim community.
The Qur'an Muslims read today is the same revelation that was preserved and transmitted through the early Muslim community.
Their Role in Preserving the Sunnah
The Companions also preserved the teachings and example of the Prophet ﷺ.
They remembered his statements, observed his actions, witnessed his decisions, and transmitted what they had learned to their students.
Some Companions became particularly well known for transmitting Hadith, including Abu Hurayrah, Aishah, Abdullah ibn Umar, Abdullah ibn Abbas, and others, may Allah be pleased with them all.
This knowledge was later studied, verified, organised, and transmitted by generations of Muslim scholars.
The preservation of the Sunnah therefore represents a continuing chain of knowledge beginning with the Prophet ﷺ and passing through the Companions to later generations.
The Companions as Teachers
After the death of the Prophet ﷺ, the Companions travelled to different regions and taught people about Islam.
They taught the Qur'an, Sunnah, worship, ethics, and Islamic principles to new generations of Muslims.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"The best of people are my generation, then those who follow them, then those who follow them." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
This highlights the special position of the Prophet's ﷺ generation and the generations that learned directly from them.
Their Character and Generosity
The Companions were known not only for their worship but also for their generosity and concern for others.
Many gave their wealth to support the poor, help the Muslim community, assist those in difficulty, and support beneficial causes.
The Qur'an praises the generosity of the early believers:
"They give preference to others over themselves, even though they are themselves in need." (Qur'an 59:9)
This spirit of generosity and selflessness became an important feature of the early Muslim community.
Were the Companions Perfect?
The Companions were highly respected, but Islam does not teach that they were prophets or incapable of making mistakes.
They were human beings who could make errors and exercise their own judgement.
What makes their generation unique is their direct companionship of the Prophet ﷺ, their sacrifices, their sincerity, and the praise given to them in the Qur'an and Sunnah.
Muslims therefore honour and speak respectfully about the Companions while recognising that ultimate perfection belongs only to Allah.
What Can We Learn From Them?
The lives of the Companions provide lessons that remain relevant today.
Faith
They remained committed to Allah even when faith brought hardship.
Sacrifice
They were willing to give up wealth, homes, comfort, and social status for what they believed was true.
Patience
They endured difficulties without allowing hardship to destroy their faith.
Love
They demonstrated sincere love and loyalty towards Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Generosity
They shared their wealth and resources with people in need.
Knowledge
They learned directly from the Prophet ﷺ and passed that knowledge to others.
Brotherhood
The Muhajirun and Ansar demonstrated how faith can overcome differences of tribe, wealth, background, and social position.
Good Character
Their lives show the importance of honesty, mercy, courage, humility, forgiveness, and responsibility.
A Lasting Legacy
The Companions were the first generation to receive Islam directly from Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
They witnessed the revelation, learned from his example, supported him through extraordinary difficulties, and carried his teachings to the generations that followed.
Their legacy can be seen today whenever Muslims recite the Qur'an, follow the Sunnah, perform the prayer, give charity, fast Ramadan, or learn about the life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Their contribution was therefore not simply historical. It helped transmit the message of Islam from one generation to the next.
Key Takeaway
The Companions of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ were ordinary human beings who responded to an extraordinary message with remarkable faith, dedication, sacrifice, and love.
They came from different backgrounds but were united by their belief in Allah and their commitment to His Messenger ﷺ.
They preserved the Qur'an, transmitted the Sunnah, supported the Prophet ﷺ, cared for their communities, and passed Islamic knowledge to later generations.
For Muslims, their lives provide examples of what it means to believe sincerely and put faith into practice.
For anyone exploring Islam, learning about the Companions also provides an important window into the earliest Muslim community and the people who witnessed the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ firsthand.
40. Islamic Manners and Character: The Beauty of Islamic Conduct
40. Islamic Manners and Character: The Beauty of Islamic Conduct
In Islam, good manners (Adab) and noble character (Akhlaq) are not simply social qualities. They are an important part of faith (Iman) and are reflected in how a person speaks, behaves, treats others, and responds to the situations of everyday life.
Islam teaches that worship is not limited to prayer, fasting, charity, and other acts of devotion. A person's relationship with Allah should also be reflected in honesty, kindness, patience, humility, mercy, justice, and respect for others.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ placed great importance on developing good character. He said:
"I was sent only to perfect noble character." (Al-Adab al-Mufrad)
For Muslims, therefore, good character is itself an act of worship. It is a way of putting faith into practice and seeking the pleasure of Allah.
Why Character Matters in Islam
Islam connects faith with behaviour. A person's faith should influence how they treat their family, neighbours, friends, colleagues, strangers, and even those with whom they disagree.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Nothing is heavier on the Scale of a believer on the Day of Resurrection than good character." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
He also said:
"The most complete of the believers in faith are those with the best character." (Sunan Abi Dawud)
These teachings show that character is not an optional part of Islam. It is closely connected to the quality and sincerity of a person's faith.
1. Truthfulness and Integrity (As-Sidq)
Truthfulness is one of the foundations of Islamic character. Muslims are commanded to be honest in their speech, relationships, business dealings, promises, and responsibilities.
Allah says:
"O you who have believed, fear Allah and be with those who are true." (Qur'an 9:119)
Islam also strongly condemns deception, fraud, dishonesty, and betrayal of trust.
Honesty creates trust and security within families, businesses, friendships, and wider society. A Muslim should therefore strive to be someone whose words can be trusted and whose actions match their promises.
2. Humility (At-Tawadu')
Islam teaches humility and strongly discourages arrogance, pride, and looking down upon others.
A person's wealth, education, appearance, occupation, nationality, or social position does not make them superior in the sight of Allah. True honour comes through righteousness.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"No one humbles himself for the sake of Allah except that Allah raises his status." (Sahih Muslim)
Humility does not mean lacking confidence. It means recognising our dependence upon Allah and treating other people with respect.
3. Patience and Self-Control (Sabr)
Patience (Sabr) is an important quality in Islam. It includes remaining steadfast during difficulties, controlling anger, resisting temptation, and responding to hardship with faith and wisdom.
Allah praises those who restrain their anger and forgive others:
"[Those] who spend [in the cause of Allah] during ease and hardship and who restrain anger and who pardon the people—and Allah loves the doers of good." (Qur'an 3:134)
Islam does not teach that a person should never feel anger. Rather, it teaches people to control their anger and avoid allowing it to lead to harmful words or actions.
4. Mercy and Compassion (Ar-Rahmah)
Mercy is one of the most important qualities encouraged in Islam.
Muslims are taught to show kindness to family members, neighbours, children, elderly people, the vulnerable, strangers, animals, and other living creatures.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The Most Merciful shows mercy to those who are merciful. Show mercy to those on the earth, and the One above the heavens will show mercy to you." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
Compassion should therefore be visible in everyday behaviour, not merely expressed as an idea.
5. Respect for Parents and Family
Islam places great emphasis on treating parents with kindness, gratitude, and respect, particularly when they become elderly.
Allah says:
"And We have commanded people to be good to their parents." (Qur'an 29:8)
The Qur'an also teaches believers to speak gently to their parents:
"Do not say to them even 'uff', and do not repel them, but rather address them with noble words." (Qur'an 17:23)
Islam also encourages kindness, patience, responsibility, and affection between spouses, children, relatives, and other family members.
6. The Rights of Neighbours
Islam gives neighbours an important position, regardless of their religion or background.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ placed such importance on the rights of neighbours that he said:
"Jibril kept recommending me to treat my neighbour well until I thought that he would make him one of my heirs." (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
Good treatment of neighbours includes avoiding harm, respecting privacy, helping when appropriate, sharing food, and showing consideration.
A Muslim should strive to be a neighbour from whom others feel safe and respected.
7. Kindness in Speech
Islam teaches Muslims to think carefully about what they say.
Allah says:
"And speak to people good words." (Qur'an 2:83)
The Qur'an prohibits backbiting, mocking, insulting, spreading rumours, and invading people's privacy.
Allah says:
"O you who have believed, avoid much [negative] assumption. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do not spy or backbite each other." (Qur'an 49:12)
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The believer is the one from whose tongue and hand people are safe." (Sunan an-Nasa'i)
This principle applies not only to face-to-face conversations but also to text messages, emails, social media, comments, and online discussions.
A Muslim should therefore avoid using technology as an excuse to say things they would be ashamed to say in person.
8. Respecting Privacy and Dignity
Islam protects people's dignity and private lives.
Believers are taught not to spy on others, search for their private faults, spread personal information, or make accusations without evidence.
This principle is particularly relevant today, when photographs, messages, personal information, and private conversations can be shared instantly.
Respecting someone's privacy is part of respecting their dignity.
9. Fulfilling Promises and Agreements
Islam teaches Muslims to honour their commitments and fulfil agreements.
Allah says:
"O you who have believed, fulfil [all] contracts." (Qur'an 5:1)
This principle applies to personal promises, business agreements, employment responsibilities, debts, appointments, and other commitments.
A Muslim should aim to be dependable and trustworthy, whether dealing with another Muslim or someone of a different faith.
10. Gratitude and Appreciation
Islam encourages gratitude towards Allah and appreciation towards people.
Muslims are taught to recognise the blessings they have received and to express sincere thanks to those who help them.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"He who does not thank people does not thank Allah." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
Gratitude can be shown through simple acts: thanking parents, appreciating colleagues, acknowledging someone's help, and showing appreciation to those who serve the community.
11. Modesty and Decency (Al-Haya')
Modesty (Haya') is an important part of Islamic character. It includes modesty in appearance, speech, behaviour, and interaction with others.
It is not simply about clothing. It also involves avoiding vulgarity, shamelessness, inappropriate behaviour, and anything that undermines dignity.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Modesty brings nothing but good." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Modesty helps a person maintain dignity while encouraging respectful relationships with others.
12. Hospitality and Respect for Guests
Islam encourages Muslims to treat guests with generosity and respect.
Hospitality includes welcoming visitors, offering what one can reasonably provide, and making guests feel comfortable and respected.
This reflects the broader Islamic principle of honouring others and treating them with kindness.
13. Justice and Fairness
Islam commands justice even when it is difficult or goes against personal interests.
Allah says:
"O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives." (Qur'an 4:135)
Justice is not limited to Muslims. Islam teaches fairness towards people regardless of their religion, race, nationality, wealth, or social position.
A Muslim should therefore avoid prejudice, oppression, discrimination, and unfair treatment.
14. Kindness Towards Animals
Islam also teaches compassion towards animals.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that kindness to animals can be rewarded by Allah, while cruelty and neglect are serious matters.
This encourages Muslims to treat animals responsibly, provide them with food and water, and avoid causing unnecessary suffering.
Compassion is therefore not restricted to human beings; it extends to Allah's creation more broadly.
15. Caring for the Environment
Islam encourages responsible use of the natural world and discourages wastefulness and unnecessary destruction.
Muslims are taught to use resources responsibly, avoid waste, keep their surroundings clean, and care for the world Allah has entrusted to humanity.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"If the Final Hour comes while one of you has a palm sapling in his hand, and he can plant it before standing up, let him plant it." (Musnad Ahmad)
The teaching conveys a powerful principle: doing something beneficial remains worthwhile even when its immediate result may not be seen.
16. Generosity and Helping Others
Islam encourages generosity towards people in need.
Charity is not limited to financial giving. A person can help others through food, useful knowledge, practical assistance, a kind word, or simply making life easier for someone experiencing difficulty.
Allah says:
"Whatever good you put forward for yourselves—you will find it with Allah." (Qur'an 2:110)
This encourages Muslims to look for opportunities to benefit others rather than living only for themselves.
The Perfect Example: Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
For Muslims, the greatest practical example of Islamic character is Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
Allah says:
"And indeed, you are of a great moral character." (Qur'an 68:4)
His character was reflected in his patience, honesty, mercy, humility, generosity, courage, forgiveness, and concern for others.
When Aisha, one of his wives and a distinguished Companion, was asked about his character, she said:
"His character was the Qur'an." (Sahih Muslim)
In other words, the teachings of the Qur'an were reflected in the way he lived.
Before his prophethood, the people of Makkah knew Muhammad ﷺ as Al-Amin (the Trustworthy) and As-Sadiq (the Truthful).
His example demonstrates that Islamic character is not simply a list of rules. It is a way of living that should shape a person's relationship with Allah and with His creation.
Islamic Manners in Everyday Life
Islamic character can be practised through simple daily actions:
Greeting people with peace and kindness.
Speaking honestly and respectfully.
Keeping promises.
Controlling anger.
Respecting parents and relatives.
Caring for neighbours.
Helping people who are struggling.
Respecting people's privacy.
Avoiding gossip and backbiting.
Being fair in business and work.
Showing gratitude.
Caring for animals.
Avoiding waste and keeping the environment clean.
Treating people of different backgrounds and faiths with dignity.
These actions may appear simple, but Islam teaches that small acts of goodness can have great value with Allah.
Character in the Digital Age
Islamic manners apply wherever human interaction takes place, including the internet.
The same principles of honesty, modesty, respect, privacy, and kindness apply to social media, messaging applications, online forums, gaming communities, and other digital spaces.
A Muslim should therefore think before posting, avoid spreading unverified information, refrain from insulting others, respect people's privacy, and remember that words written online are also part of one's actions.
The fact that something can be posted anonymously does not remove moral responsibility before Allah.
Conclusion
Islamic manners and character transform faith into everyday conduct.
A Muslim is not only expected to worship Allah but also to become a person who brings benefit, safety, honesty, mercy, and justice to those around them.
The teachings of Islam cover both major principles and small everyday interactions—from speaking kindly and respecting parents to fulfilling agreements, caring for neighbours, controlling anger, protecting privacy, showing gratitude, and caring for animals and the environment.
For Muslims, developing good character is a lifelong process. It requires self-reflection, patience, repentance when mistakes are made, and continual effort to follow the example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
For non-Muslims and those learning about Islam, these teachings provide an important insight into how Islamic faith is intended to shape personal behaviour and contribute to a respectful, compassionate, and responsible society.
Key Takeaway
Islam teaches that true faith should be visible in a person's character.
"The most complete of the believers in faith are those with the best character." (Sunan Abi Dawud)
Good manners are therefore not merely about being polite. They are part of a Muslim's relationship with Allah and a responsibility towards His creation.
41. The Celebration of Eid: Understanding Islam's Festivals
41. The Celebration of Eid: Understanding Islam's Festivals
In Islam, celebrations are closely connected with worship, gratitude, generosity, family, and community. Muslims have two main religious festivals each year: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.
The Arabic word Eid (عيد) refers to a recurring celebration or festival. For Muslims, Eid is more than a cultural occasion. It is a time to thank Allah, celebrate the completion of important acts of worship, strengthen relationships, help those in need, and share happiness with others.
Although Muslims around the world celebrate Eid in different cultural ways, the religious meaning of the two Eids remains the same.
The Two Eids in Islam
1. Eid al-Fitr — The Festival at the End of Ramadan
Eid al-Fitr takes place on the first day of Shawwal, the tenth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, immediately after Ramadan.
Ramadan is a month of fasting, prayer, Qur'an recitation, charity, self-discipline, and spiritual reflection. Eid al-Fitr marks the completion of this important period of worship.
Allah says:
"O you who believe, fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may attain God-consciousness." (Qur'an 2:183)
Eid al-Fitr is therefore a day of gratitude and happiness. Muslims thank Allah for giving them the opportunity to fast, worship, seek forgiveness, and strengthen their relationship with Him.
Fasting on the day of Eid al-Fitr is prohibited, allowing Muslims to celebrate and enjoy the blessings Allah has provided.
Zakat al-Fitr
An important part of Eid al-Fitr is Zakat al-Fitr, a charitable obligation given before the Eid prayer.
It is intended to help those in need so that they too can participate in the celebration and enjoy the day with dignity.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ instructed Muslims to give Zakat al-Fitr before people went out for the Eid prayer. (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
This reflects an important Islamic principle: celebration should not cause people in difficulty to be forgotten.
2. Eid al-Adha — The Festival of Sacrifice
Eid al-Adha takes place on the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah, the final month of the Islamic lunar calendar. It occurs during the period of the annual pilgrimage (Hajj) to Makkah.
Eid al-Adha is closely connected with the story of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), peace be upon him, and his son Isma'il (Ishmael), peace be upon him.
Allah tested Ibrahim with a command involving his son, and both demonstrated remarkable submission and obedience to Allah.
Allah says:
"So We gave him good news of a forbearing son. Then when the boy reached the age to work with him, he said, 'O my dear son, I have seen in a dream that I must sacrifice you. So tell me what you think.' He said, 'O my dear father, do as you are commanded. You will find me, if Allah wills, among the steadfast.'" (Qur'an 37:101–102)
Allah then provided a sacrifice in place of his son.
The story teaches Muslims about faith, obedience, trust in Allah, patience, and sincere submission to God.
Qurbani — The Act of Sacrifice
During Eid al-Adha, Muslims who are financially able may perform Qurbani, also known as Udhiyah, by sacrificing an eligible livestock animal.
The meat is shared with family, relatives, friends, neighbours, and people in need.
The purpose of the sacrifice is not simply the act itself. Allah says:
"Neither their meat nor their blood reaches Allah, but what reaches Him is your piety." (Qur'an 22:37)
The central lesson is therefore sincerity and devotion to Allah.
Qurbani also expresses gratitude and encourages Muslims to share their blessings with others, particularly those experiencing hardship.
Eid Begins with Worship
Although Eid is a celebration, its foundation is worship.
Muslims gather in the morning for the special Eid prayer (Salat al-Eid). Depending on the community and local arrangements, the prayer may take place in a mosque, Islamic centre, community hall, park, open prayer area, or another suitable location.
The congregation brings together people from different cultures, languages, ethnicities, and social backgrounds.
Rich and poor, young and old, people born into Muslim families and those who embraced Islam later in life all stand together in prayer.
This reflects an important Islamic principle: people are equal before Allah, and true honour is based on righteousness rather than wealth, race, nationality, or social status.
Preparing for Eid
Muslims commonly prepare for Eid by bathing, maintaining personal cleanliness, and wearing clean and presentable clothing.
Many choose to wear their best or new clothes, although there is no single style of Eid clothing.
Muslim cultures around the world have developed their own traditions, so Eid clothing in Britain may look very different from clothing worn during Eid in Bangladesh, Nigeria, Turkey, Malaysia, Somalia, Bosnia, or other parts of the world.
The diversity of these traditions reflects the global nature of Islam.
Remembering Allah Through the Takbeerat
Eid is also marked by the Takbeerat—expressions of the greatness and praise of Allah.
A commonly recited form includes:
"Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, la ilaha illallah, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, wa lillahil-hamd."
This means:
"Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, and to Allah belongs all praise."
These words remind Muslims that the happiness of Eid is ultimately connected to gratitude and worship of Allah.
Family and Community
Eid brings people together.
Families visit parents, relatives, and friends. People share meals, exchange gifts, visit neighbours, and spend time together.
Children may receive presents or money, and communities often organise gatherings and meals.
Eid is also an opportunity to strengthen family relationships and resolve disagreements.
Forgiving others, reconnecting with relatives, and making peace are valuable expressions of the spirit of Eid.
Sharing Food and Hospitality
Food is an important part of Eid celebrations in many Muslim cultures.
Families prepare special meals, sweets, and traditional dishes and may invite relatives, friends, neighbours, and guests to share them.
Hospitality allows Eid happiness to extend beyond the immediate family.
A Muslim may also give food to an elderly person, someone living alone, a neighbour, or a family experiencing financial difficulty.
In this way, celebration becomes an opportunity to care for others.
Eid and Charity
Generosity is an important part of Islamic life, and Eid provides a particular opportunity to practise it.
Islam encourages Muslims to remember people who are poor, vulnerable, or experiencing hardship.
Eid is therefore not intended simply to be a display of wealth.
A person with limited financial means can still experience the happiness of Eid through prayer, family, friendship, community, gratitude, and sharing whatever they are able to give.
The emphasis is on sharing blessings rather than displaying wealth.
Eid and Neighbours
Eid can also provide an opportunity for Muslims to build relationships with their neighbours.
Muslims may offer sweets or food, explain the meaning of Eid, or simply wish their neighbours well.
Non-Muslim neighbours are welcome to ask questions and learn about the celebration.
In a multicultural society such as Britain, Eid can therefore become an opportunity for friendship, understanding, and stronger communities.
Eid Greetings
Muslims commonly greet one another by saying:
"Eid Mubarak."
This means approximately "Blessed Eid" or "May your Eid be blessed."
Different Muslim cultures also have their own greetings and customs.
The purpose of the greeting is to express happiness, goodwill, and prayers for a blessed celebration.
Eid and Children
Children often particularly enjoy Eid.
Parents and relatives may give them gifts, new clothes, sweets, or money, and families may organise activities and gatherings for them.
These traditions vary from culture to culture, but they help children associate Eid with family, community, gratitude, and positive memories.
At the same time, Muslim parents teach children that the deeper meaning of Eid is connected to faith, worship, generosity, and gratitude to Allah.
Is Eid the Same Around the World?
There is no single cultural way to celebrate Eid.
A Muslim family in Britain may celebrate differently from a family in Indonesia, Egypt, Nigeria, Pakistan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, or Bosnia.
Some families prepare particular foods, some wear traditional clothing, some visit relatives, and some attend large community gatherings.
These cultural differences are perfectly compatible with Islam because the essential religious meaning of Eid remains the same.
This diversity also reflects the fact that Islam is a global faith followed by people from many cultures and backgrounds.
Eid and New Muslims
For someone who has recently embraced Islam, their first Eid can be a particularly meaningful experience.
It may be their first opportunity to attend Eid prayer, meet a wider Muslim community, learn Eid greetings, share a meal with Muslim families, and experience the sense of belonging associated with the occasion.
New Muslims do not need to know every custom immediately.
Eid is a time to learn, participate, ask questions, and enjoy the company of others.
Muslim communities should make an effort to ensure that new Muslims feel welcomed and included rather than expecting them to understand every tradition immediately.
Eid: A Balance of Worship and Happiness
Islam does not regard happiness and worship as opposites.
Eid demonstrates that a Muslim can worship Allah sincerely while enjoying lawful food, family gatherings, gifts, friendship, and other blessings.
The celebration is meaningful because it follows and is connected to acts of worship.
Eid al-Fitr follows the month of Ramadan, while Eid al-Adha is connected to Hajj and the legacy of Prophet Ibrahim.
The celebration therefore has both a spiritual dimension and a social dimension.
What Eid Teaches Us
The two Eids contain important lessons that remain relevant in everyday life.
Gratitude
Muslims are reminded to recognise and appreciate the blessings given to them by Allah.
Self-Discipline
Ramadan teaches Muslims patience and self-control, and Eid celebrates the completion of that period of discipline.
Sacrifice
Eid al-Adha reminds Muslims of Prophet Ibrahim's devotion and willingness to submit to Allah.
Generosity
Both Eids encourage Muslims to share their blessings with others.
Family
Eid provides an opportunity to strengthen relationships with parents, relatives, and loved ones.
Community
People from different backgrounds gather together in worship and celebration.
Compassion
Eid encourages Muslims to remember those who may otherwise be overlooked or experiencing hardship.
Faith
Above all, Eid is connected to worship, gratitude, and devotion to Allah.
A Celebration Shared with Others
Although Eid is an Islamic religious celebration, its values can be appreciated by people of all backgrounds.
Gratitude, generosity, family, hospitality, compassion, forgiveness, and community are universal human values.
For this reason, Muslims often enjoy sharing aspects of Eid with their neighbours and wider communities.
A neighbour may receive a plate of Eid food, a colleague may hear "Eid Mubarak", or a non-Muslim friend may be invited to an Eid meal.
These simple interactions can help build understanding and strengthen relationships between people of different faiths and backgrounds.
Conclusion
Eid is one of the most joyful occasions in Muslim life, but behind the celebration lies a deeper spiritual meaning.
Eid al-Fitr marks the completion of Ramadan and reminds Muslims of gratitude, worship, self-discipline, charity, and the blessings of Allah.
Eid al-Adha recalls the devotion of Prophet Ibrahim and his family and reminds Muslims of faith, obedience, sacrifice, patience, and trust in Allah.
Both Eids bring families and communities together while encouraging Muslims to share their happiness and remember those in need.
For Muslims, Eid is ultimately a celebration of faith and gratitude.
For non-Muslims, understanding Eid provides a valuable window into Islamic beliefs, Muslim family life, community spirit, and the importance Islam places on worship, generosity, and care for others.
Whether it is thousands of people standing together in prayer, a family sharing a meal, a child receiving a gift, a neighbour receiving food, or a donation reaching someone in need, the spirit of Eid is one of faith, gratitude, generosity, family, community, and shared happiness.
Key Takeaway
Eid is not simply a cultural festival. It is a celebration rooted in Islamic faith and worship.
Eid al-Fitr celebrates the completion of Ramadan, while Eid al-Adha recalls the devotion and sacrifice associated with Prophet Ibrahim.
Both celebrations remind Muslims to be grateful to Allah, strengthen family and community ties, give generously, and share their happiness with others.
For Muslims, Eid is a time to celebrate the blessings of faith. For everyone, it offers an opportunity to appreciate the values of gratitude, generosity, family, friendship, compassion, and community.
42. The Golden Age of Islamic Civilisation
42. The Golden Age of Islamic Civilisation
The Islamic Golden Age refers broadly to a period from around the 8th to the 14th centuries CE when scholarship, science, medicine, mathematics, philosophy, literature, architecture, and the arts flourished across much of the Islamic world.
During this period, major centres of learning developed in places such as Baghdad, Cairo, Córdoba, Damascus, and Samarkand. Scholars from different ethnic, cultural, and religious backgrounds contributed to a rich intellectual tradition that helped preserve, develop, and transmit knowledge across continents.
For Muslims, the pursuit of knowledge was closely connected to the Islamic emphasis on reflection, learning, and understanding the world. The Qur'an repeatedly encourages people to think, observe, and reflect upon creation.
"Are those who know equal to those who do not know?" (Qur'an 39:9)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also encouraged the pursuit of beneficial knowledge. This emphasis on learning, together with the development of libraries, educational institutions, hospitals, observatories, and centres of scholarship, contributed to a remarkable period of intellectual activity.
A Culture of Knowledge and Learning
The growth of Islamic civilisation was not simply the result of preserving existing knowledge.
Muslim scholars inherited knowledge from earlier civilisations, including the Greek, Persian, Indian, and Syriac traditions. They translated important works into Arabic, studied them critically, compared different ideas, conducted observations, and developed new approaches and discoveries of their own.
Arabic became a major language of scholarship, allowing knowledge from different regions to be collected, studied, and shared across a vast civilisation.
Libraries, schools, hospitals, observatories, and centres of learning developed in many cities.
One of the most famous intellectual centres was Baghdad, particularly during the Abbasid period. The Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) is associated with the wider translation and intellectual movement of Abbasid Baghdad. Although its exact institutional history is sometimes debated by historians, Baghdad was unquestionably one of the major centres through which Greek, Persian, Indian, and other works were translated, studied, and developed.
This culture of learning helped create an environment in which scholars could contribute to mathematics, medicine, astronomy, philosophy, geography, optics, engineering, and many other fields.
Mathematics: Algebra and Algorithms
One of the most influential Muslim mathematicians was Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (c. 780–850 CE).
His writings on mathematics and calculation made important contributions to the development of algebra and mathematical methods.
The word algebra comes from the Arabic term al-jabr, associated with the title of his famous mathematical work.
The word algorithm is derived from the Latinised form of al-Khwarizmi's name.
His work helped transmit and develop mathematical knowledge that later became influential beyond the Islamic world.
Other Muslim scholars also made important contributions to arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, and astronomical mathematics.
These developments became part of a much wider mathematical tradition that was later transmitted across different regions of the world.
Medicine and Hospitals
Islamic civilisation made major contributions to the development of medieval medicine.
Physicians studied earlier medical writings while also developing their own observations, treatments, medical reference works, and institutions.
Al-Razi
Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes, c. 865–925 CE) was one of the most prominent physicians of the medieval Islamic world.
He emphasised clinical observation and is particularly remembered for his work distinguishing smallpox from measles. He also wrote extensively on medicine and was associated with major medical institutions in Baghdad and elsewhere.
Ibn Sina
Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 980–1037 CE) was one of the most influential physicians and philosophers of the medieval period.
His famous work, The Canon of Medicine, brought together a vast body of medical knowledge and was studied in both the Islamic world and Europe for centuries.
Ibn al-Nafis
Ibn al-Nafis (c. 1213–1288 CE) provided an important description of the pulmonary circulation of blood, explaining the movement of blood between the heart and lungs.
His work demonstrates the importance of careful observation and anatomical study in the development of medical knowledge.
Optics, Physics, and Scientific Investigation
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen, c. 965–1040 CE) was a pioneering scholar whose work transformed the study of light and vision.
In his famous Book of Optics, he investigated light, reflection, refraction, vision, and optical phenomena. He challenged earlier theories and placed significant emphasis on observation, experimentation, and testing explanations against evidence.
His work became highly influential in the history of optics and was later translated into Latin, allowing his ideas to reach European scholars.
His approach is an important example of the contribution made by Muslim scholars to the development of systematic scientific investigation.
Astronomy and the Study of the Heavens
Muslim scholars carefully studied the heavens for both scientific and practical purposes.
Astronomical knowledge was important for:
determining prayer times;
identifying the direction of the Ka'bah;
establishing the Islamic lunar calendar;
navigation and travel;
understanding celestial movements.
Muslim astronomers developed sophisticated astronomical tables, instruments, and observatories.
The astrolabe, an ancient instrument that was significantly developed and widely used in the Islamic world, helped with astronomical observation, timekeeping, navigation, and determining the position of celestial bodies.
Important observatories were established in places such as Maragha and Samarkand. Scholars including al-Battani, al-Biruni, and Ulugh Beg made significant contributions to astronomy and related mathematical calculations.
Chemistry and Engineering
The study of substances and chemical processes also developed considerably within Islamic civilisation.
Scholars investigated processes such as distillation, crystallisation, evaporation, filtration, and the preparation of medicines. The Arabic term al-kīmiyāʾ is connected to the development of the word chemistry.
Engineering also flourished.
The Banū Mūsā brothers in the 9th century produced important work on mechanical devices, while al-Jazari (c. 1136–1206 CE) became famous for his work on mechanical engineering, water-raising machines, clocks, and automated devices.
His illustrated treatise demonstrated an impressive combination of engineering, mathematics, craftsmanship, and practical innovation.
Libraries, Universities, and Centres of Learning
Knowledge flourished through institutions as well as individual scholars. Major cities across the Islamic world became centres of intellectual activity.
Centre Contribution and Significance
Baghdad
A major centre of Abbasid scholarship, translation, mathematics, medicine, philosophy, and literature.
Córdoba
An important centre of scholarship, culture, medicine, architecture, and intellectual exchange in Muslim-ruled Iberia.
Cairo
Home to Al-Azhar, established in the 10th century and later becoming one of the world's most important centres of Islamic learning.
Fez
Home to al-Qarawiyyin, founded in the 9th century and traditionally associated with Fatima al-Fihri. It became an important centre of learning in North Africa.
Samarkand
A major centre of astronomy and scholarship, particularly associated with the work of Ulugh Beg and his observatory.
These centres were part of a much larger network of scholars, teachers, libraries, students, travellers, and institutions through which knowledge circulated across the Islamic world.
Scholars From Different Backgrounds
One of the remarkable features of Islamic civilisation was the diversity of the people who contributed to its intellectual life.
Scholars came from many ethnic and geographical backgrounds, including Arabs, Persians, Berbers, Turks, Andalusians, Africans, and Central Asians.
The intellectual world of the Islamic civilisation also included Muslims, Christians, Jews, and others who participated in translation, scholarship, medicine, administration, and intellectual exchange at different times and places.
This reminds us that knowledge is not restricted to one ethnicity, nationality, or culture. The pursuit of knowledge can bring people from different backgrounds together.
Women and Scholarship
Women also contributed to the intellectual and educational life of Islamic civilisation.
Fatima al-Fihri, traditionally associated with the founding of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, is one well-known example.
Women also played an important role in the transmission of Islamic knowledge, particularly in the fields of Qur'an, Hadith, and Islamic jurisprudence.
This tradition can be traced back to the earliest generations of Islam. Aisha, one of the Companions of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, became one of the most important scholars of the early Muslim community and taught both men and women.
The participation of women in scholarship therefore has roots in the earliest history of Islam.
Knowledge and Faith
For many Muslim scholars, the study of the natural world was not viewed as being in conflict with faith.
The Qur'an repeatedly calls people to observe, reflect, reason, and consider the signs of Allah's creation.
The pursuit of knowledge could therefore serve both practical and spiritual purposes: improving people's lives while deepening appreciation of the wisdom and order found in creation.
This intellectual tradition produced scholars who worked across several disciplines rather than restricting themselves to a single field. A scholar might study medicine, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, theology, or literature alongside other areas of learning.
The Transmission of Knowledge Beyond the Islamic World
The intellectual achievements of Islamic civilisation did not remain confined to the Muslim world.
Arabic works were translated into Latin and other European languages, particularly through centres of intellectual exchange in places such as Iberia and Sicily.
Works by scholars such as Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, al-Zahrawi, and Ibn al-Haytham became known to European scholars and contributed to the wider transmission of scientific, medical, mathematical, and philosophical knowledge.
These translations formed one part of the complex exchange of knowledge between the Islamic world and Europe during the medieval period and contributed to Europe's later intellectual development.
It would be too simplistic to say that the Islamic Golden Age alone "caused" the European Renaissance. Rather, the transmission of knowledge from the Islamic world was one important part of a much broader and complex history of intellectual exchange.
A Legacy That Continues Today
The achievements of Islamic civilisation can still be seen in many areas of modern life.
The words algebra and algorithm preserve traces of this history. Medical writings by scholars such as Ibn Sina influenced medical education for centuries. Ibn al-Haytham's work remains important in the history of optics, while the astronomical observations and mathematical techniques developed by Muslim scholars contributed to the continuing development of astronomy.
The legacy is not limited to individual discoveries.
It also includes a tradition of:
valuing knowledge and education;
preserving and translating earlier learning;
questioning and examining ideas;
observing the natural world;
developing practical solutions;
sharing knowledge across cultures;
using learning for the benefit of society.
What Can We Learn From the Islamic Golden Age?
The history of Islamic civilisation offers lessons that remain relevant today.
Knowledge Should Be Valued
A thriving society depends upon education, scholarship, curiosity, and a willingness to learn.
Knowledge Can Cross Boundaries
The Islamic world inherited knowledge from many earlier civilisations and, in turn, contributed knowledge that later travelled to other parts of the world.
Faith and Intellectual Curiosity Can Coexist
For many Muslim scholars, investigating the universe was a way of appreciating the signs and wisdom of the Creator.
Scholarship Requires Humility
The history of science demonstrates that knowledge develops when people are willing to question ideas, examine evidence, correct mistakes, and build upon the work of others.
Knowledge Should Benefit Humanity
Medicine, mathematics, engineering, astronomy, and other disciplines were not merely theoretical pursuits. They were also used to solve practical problems and improve human life.
Conclusion
The Golden Age of Islamic Civilisation represents one of the most significant periods of intellectual and cultural development in world history.
Across centuries, Muslim scholars and scholars from other communities working within the Islamic world contributed to mathematics, medicine, astronomy, optics, engineering, philosophy, literature, and education.
They inherited knowledge from earlier civilisations, preserved important works, questioned and developed existing ideas, and produced new scholarship that travelled far beyond the Islamic world.
For Muslims, this history also reflects an important principle within Islam: the pursuit of beneficial knowledge is a noble endeavour.
The legacy of this period is therefore not simply a list of famous scholars or discoveries. It is a reminder of what can happen when knowledge, curiosity, education, intellectual exchange, and a commitment to benefiting humanity are given a central place in society.
The story of the Islamic Golden Age belongs to Muslim history, but its intellectual legacy forms part of the wider story of human civilisation and the shared pursuit of knowledge.
43. Islam and Other Religions: Respect, Dialogue and Peaceful Coexistence
43. Islam and Other Religions: Respect, Dialogue and Peaceful Coexistence
Islam teaches Muslims to remain firm in their belief in Allah while treating people of other religions with justice, kindness, dignity, and respect.
From the Qur’an and the authentic Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Muslims are taught that religious differences should not become an excuse for hatred, injustice, mockery, or mistreatment. At the same time, Islam does not ask Muslims to abandon or compromise their core beliefs in order to live peacefully with others.
This balance is important: Islamic faith provides the foundation, while good character provides the manner in which that faith is presented and lived.
For Muslims, respectful interaction with people of other faiths is therefore more than a matter of social etiquette. It is part of fulfilling the commands of Allah and following the example of His Messenger ﷺ.
Human Diversity and Shared Humanity
The Qur’an teaches that humanity's diversity is part of Allah’s wisdom and creation. People differ in language, culture, nationality, family background, and religious belief.
Allah says:
“O humanity, indeed We created you from a male and a female and made you peoples and tribes so that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you.” (Qur’an 49:13)
This verse explains that true honour in the sight of Allah is connected to righteousness, not race, wealth, nationality, or social position.
Human diversity should therefore not become a reason for arrogance or contempt. Muslims are encouraged to recognise the dignity of human beings and to deal with people fairly, regardless of their background.
Islam does not teach Muslims to isolate themselves from people of other faiths. Muslims have historically lived, worked, traded, studied, and interacted with people from many different religious communities.
Islam and the Earlier Prophets
Islam teaches that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was not the first prophet sent by Allah.
Muslims believe in all the prophets whom Allah sent to humanity, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, peace be upon them all.
The Qur’an teaches Muslims to believe in all of Allah’s messengers:
“The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and so have the believers. They all believed in Allah, His angels, His Books, and His messengers. They say, ‘We make no distinction between any of His messengers.’” (Qur’an 2:285)
Muslims therefore have a special respect for the prophets mentioned in the Qur’an, including those recognised in the Jewish and Christian traditions.
Jesus — Isa in Islam
Jesus, known in Arabic as Isa, holds a particularly honoured position in Islam.
Muslims believe that Jesus was the Messiah, was born miraculously to Maryam (Mary), performed miracles by Allah’s permission, and was a noble messenger of Allah.
The Qur’an describes Jesus as:
“The Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, was only a messenger of Allah and His word which He directed to Mary and a spirit from Him.” (Qur’an 4:171)
At the same time, Islam teaches that Jesus is not God and is not the son of God. Muslims believe that worship belongs to Allah alone.
This illustrates an important principle of Islamic dialogue: a Muslim can deeply respect a person while respectfully disagreeing with a particular theological belief about that person.
Moses — Musa and the People of the Book
Moses, known as Musa, is one of the most frequently mentioned prophets in the Qur’an.
Islam teaches that Allah revealed the Torah to Moses and recognises Jews and Christians as People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab).
The Qur’an invites the People of the Book to a common foundation:
“Say, ‘O People of the Book, come to a word that is equitable between us and you—that we worship none but Allah and associate nothing with Him.’” (Qur’an 3:64)
Thus, Muslims approach Jews and Christians with respect for their religious heritage while remaining clear about the Islamic belief in the absolute oneness of Allah.
Freedom of Conscience
Islam teaches that genuine belief cannot be produced by force.
Allah says:
“There is no compulsion in religion. Right-mindedness has become distinct from error.” (Qur’an 2:256)
Faith is a matter of sincere conviction. A person may be invited to consider Islam, presented with its teachings, and encouraged to reflect upon its message, but belief itself cannot simply be forced into a person's heart.
The Qur’an also says:
“For you is your religion, and for me is my religion.” (Qur’an 109:6)
This does not mean that Islam considers all beliefs equally true. Rather, it establishes that Muslims should not force religious belief upon others.
Wisdom and Gentleness in Religious Dialogue
Islam provides clear guidance on how Muslims should communicate when discussing religion.
Allah says:
“Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in the best manner.” (Qur’an 16:125)
The emphasis is on wisdom, good instruction, patience, and good manners.
Even when Prophet Musa (Moses) and his brother Harun (Aaron) were commanded to speak to Pharaoh, Allah instructed them:
“Speak to him with gentle speech, that perhaps he may be reminded or fear Allah.” (Qur’an 20:44)
This is a powerful lesson in Islamic character. If gentleness was commanded when addressing Pharaoh, Muslims should carefully consider the importance of gentleness when speaking to people with whom they disagree.
Disagreement Does Not Require Insult
Islam specifically prohibits Muslims from insulting the objects of worship of others.
Allah says:
“And do not insult those they invoke besides Allah, lest they insult Allah in hostility without knowledge.” (Qur’an 6:108)
This does not mean that Islam considers all religious beliefs equally correct. Rather, it teaches Muslims to communicate disagreement without descending into insult, mockery, or abuse.
Truth and good character are not opposites.
Justice and Kindness Toward People of Other Faiths
One of the clearest Qur’anic principles concerning peaceful relations with people of other faiths is found in Surah al-Mumtahanah.
Allah says:
“Allah does not forbid you from being kind and acting justly towards those who have not fought you because of religion or driven you from your homes. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.” (Qur’an 60:8)
This establishes an important principle: religious difference by itself does not remove a person's right to fair and kind treatment.
Muslims are expected to be honest in business, fair in dealings, respectful towards neighbours, trustworthy in agreements, and considerate towards people around them.
Justice Must Not Depend on Personal Feelings
Islam also commands justice even when emotions make it difficult.
Allah says:
“O you who believe, stand firm for justice, as witnesses for Allah, even if it is against yourselves or your parents and relatives.” (Qur’an 4:135)
Allah also says:
“Do not let the hatred of a people lead you away from justice. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness.” (Qur’an 5:8)
These principles have broad relevance.
A Muslim cannot justify dishonesty, oppression, or mistreatment simply because they dislike someone's beliefs or disagree with their worldview.
Justice remains justice.
The Rights of Neighbours
The Islamic emphasis on peaceful coexistence begins very close to home.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺ repeatedly emphasised the rights of neighbours. He said:
“Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should not harm his neighbour.” (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
A neighbour may be Muslim or non-Muslim. Their safety, dignity, and right not to be harmed remain important.
In practical life, this means:
Avoiding behaviour that causes unnecessary disturbance.
Speaking respectfully.
Helping neighbours when they are in genuine need.
Respecting their privacy.
Being considerate towards elderly or vulnerable neighbours.
Sharing food and showing hospitality where appropriate.
Maintaining good relations without compromising one's religious principles.
These simple actions demonstrate how Islamic teachings can become part of everyday community life.
Examples from the Life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
The life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ provides practical examples of how Islamic principles were applied.
Respect for Human Dignity
A funeral procession once passed by the Prophet ﷺ and he stood up. When he was told that the deceased was Jewish, he responded:
“Was it not a soul?” (Sahih al-Bukhari)
This authentic narration demonstrates his recognition of human dignity even when the deceased belonged to another faith.
Do Not Harm Your Neighbour
The Prophet ﷺ connected belief in Allah and the Last Day with good treatment of neighbours.
He said:
“Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should not harm his neighbour.” (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
This principle applies naturally to life in diverse communities.
Maintaining Family Relationships
Islam also teaches Muslims to maintain respectful family relationships even when relatives have different beliefs.
The Qur’an discusses parents who do not share their child's faith and instructs the child to accompany them in this world with kindness while not obeying them in matters contrary to Islamic belief.
“But accompany them in this world with kindness.” (Qur’an 31:15)
This demonstrates the distinction between religious conviction and personal mistreatment.
A Muslim may disagree with a family member's beliefs while continuing to show them kindness, respect, gratitude, and good character.
Fulfilling Agreements and Trusts
Islam places great importance on fulfilling agreements and keeping promises.
Allah says:
“O you who believe, fulfil your contracts.” (Qur’an 5:1)
This principle applies regardless of who the agreement is with.
Whether dealing with a Muslim or a non-Muslim, a Muslim should strive to be trustworthy in:
Business dealings
Employment
Financial agreements
Promises
Community responsibilities
Legal and civic obligations
Trustworthiness is an Islamic quality, not something reserved only for dealings with fellow Muslims.
Cooperation in What Is Good
Islam encourages cooperation in beneficial and righteous matters.
Allah says:
“Cooperate in righteousness and piety, and do not cooperate in sin and aggression.” (Qur’an 5:2)
People of different faiths can therefore work together on matters that benefit society, such as:
Helping people facing poverty
Food distribution
Supporting vulnerable families
Community welfare
Environmental projects
Disaster relief
Helping the elderly and vulnerable
Promoting peaceful communities
Cooperation in these areas does not require Muslims to compromise their religious beliefs.
A Muslim can remain firmly committed to Islam while working alongside people of other faiths for the common good.
Respect Does Not Mean Religious Agreement
One of the most important distinctions in understanding Islam's approach to other religions is the difference between respecting people and agreeing with every belief.
Islam teaches Muslims to believe that Islam is the truth and that Allah alone deserves worship.
At the same time, Muslims are commanded to treat people with justice and good character.
Therefore:
Respect does not mean agreement.
Kindness does not mean abandoning one's beliefs.
Dialogue does not mean compromising Islamic principles.
Peaceful coexistence does not require theological uniformity.
A Muslim can sincerely believe that Islam is the correct path while still treating a Christian, Jew, Hindu, atheist, or person of any other background with dignity, fairness, and kindness.
This balance is central to Islamic character.
What Islam Does Not Teach
Islam does not teach Muslims to hate people simply because they belong to another religion.
It does not permit Muslims to:
Insult people because of their beliefs.
Cheat or deceive someone because they are not Muslim.
Oppress people because of their religion.
Harm innocent people.
Break agreements without justification.
Mock other people's religious beliefs.
Allow disagreement to destroy good character.
Instead, Muslims are called to combine faith, justice, wisdom, patience, and mercy.
This does not erase genuine theological differences. It teaches Muslims how to handle those differences responsibly.
The Islamic Approach to a Diverse Society
Modern societies are religiously and culturally diverse. Muslims may have Christian, Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, atheist, or other neighbours, classmates, colleagues, and friends.
Islam provides Muslims with clear principles for navigating this diversity while remaining firmly committed to their faith.
Faith: Remain committed to Islamic beliefs and worship Allah alone.
Justice: Treat people fairly, even when you disagree with them.
Kindness: Show good character and compassion in everyday interactions.
Wisdom: Discuss religion thoughtfully, patiently, and respectfully rather than aggressively.
Respect: Respect the dignity, rights, and freedom of others without pretending that all religious beliefs are the same.
Trustworthiness: Honour agreements, keep promises, and fulfil responsibilities, regardless of a person's religion or background.
Cooperation: Work together with others in beneficial and humanitarian causes, such as helping those in need and supporting the wider community.
Peaceful Conduct: Avoid hatred, mockery, oppression, hostility, and unnecessary conflict.
This approach does not require Muslims to compromise their beliefs. Rather, it reflects the Islamic balance of firmness in faith and excellence in character: remaining committed to Islam while treating others with justice, kindness, wisdom, dignity, and respect.
A Balanced Islamic Model
Islam's approach can be summarised in two connected principles.
Firmness in Faith
A Muslim believes in Allah, worships Him alone, follows His Messenger ﷺ, and does not compromise the fundamental teachings of Islam.
Excellence in Character
At the same time, a Muslim should demonstrate honesty, mercy, patience, justice, respect, and kindness when dealing with other people.
These two principles are not contradictory.
Strong faith should produce good character.
The Qur’an repeatedly connects righteousness with how people behave towards others, and Prophet Muhammad ﷺ demonstrated this balance throughout his life.
Conclusion
Islam recognises that people will differ in their beliefs, cultures, backgrounds, and ways of life.
Rather than making these differences an excuse for hatred or injustice, Islam teaches Muslims to respond with wisdom, justice, kindness, dignity, and good character.
Muslims are taught to invite others towards Islam with wisdom and good instruction, while recognising that faith cannot be forced. They are instructed to respect human dignity, protect the rights of neighbours, fulfil agreements, maintain family ties, cooperate in beneficial matters, and avoid insulting the beliefs of others.
At the same time, Islam does not ask Muslims to hide or dilute their own beliefs.
The Islamic model is therefore one of principled coexistence:
Firm in belief.
Gentle in speech.
Just in conduct.
Kind in interaction.
Respectful towards people.
Clear about Islamic faith.
For anyone exploring Islam, this balance is an important part of understanding the religion: Islam calls people to the worship of the One Creator while also calling them to live among humanity with justice, mercy, wisdom, and excellent character.
A GUIDE FOR NEW MUSLIMS❤️
A GUIDE FOR NEW MUSLIMS❤️
44. Reverting to Islam: Common Questions
44. Reverting to Islam: Common Questions
Introduction
Accepting Islam is one of the most important decisions a person can make. It marks the beginning of a new relationship with Allah (God), built upon faith, sincerity, and a desire to follow His guidance.
Many people who embrace Islam naturally have questions about what comes next. They may wonder how to pray, what changes they need to make, how their family will react, or whether they are "good enough" to be Muslim.
These concerns are completely natural. Islam teaches that every journey begins with a single step, and Allah knows what is in every person's heart. Becoming Muslim is not about achieving perfection overnight—it is about sincerely striving to worship Allah and continually growing in faith.
What Does "Revert" Mean?
Many Muslims use the word "revert" instead of "convert."
This is because Islam teaches that every person is born upon the fitrah—the natural inclination to recognise and worship the One Creator.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Every child is born upon the natural disposition (fitrah)." (Sahih al-Bukhari; Sahih Muslim)
When someone accepts Islam, Muslims often say they are "returning" or "reverting" to that original natural belief.
Whether someone prefers the word convert or revert, both are acceptable. What matters most is sincere faith and submission to Allah.
Will Allah Forgive My Past?
Yes.
One of the greatest blessings of accepting Islam is that all previous sins are forgiven.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Islam wipes away what came before it." (Sahih Muslim)
Whatever mistakes were made before accepting Islam are completely forgiven by Allah.
You begin your new life with a clean slate.
Allah is The Most Merciful and The Most Forgiving, and His mercy is greater than any sin sincerely repented from.
Do I Have to Change Everything Immediately?
No.
Islam encourages gradual and steady growth.
Learning and practising Islam is a lifelong journey.
Begin with the essentials:
Learn the Shahadah.
Learn how to perform the daily prayers.
Read the Qur'an.
Build your relationship with Allah.
Learn about the life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
As your faith grows, other aspects of Islam will naturally become easier.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"The most beloved deeds to Allah are those that are consistent, even if they are small." (Sahih al-Bukhari; Sahih Muslim)
Islam values steady progress more than trying to do everything at once and becoming overwhelmed.
What If I Cannot Pray in Arabic Yet?
Do not let this discourage you.
Every Muslim starts somewhere.
Begin by learning the opening chapter of the Qur'an (Surah Al-Fatihah) and the essential words of the prayer gradually. Until you are able to recite them correctly, continue learning patiently and seek help from knowledgeable Muslims or your local mosque.
Allah knows your effort and your sincerity, and He rewards every step you take towards Him.
What If I Still Struggle With Old Habits?
Many new Muslims worry because they still struggle with habits or sins from their previous life.
Remember that spiritual growth takes time.
The important thing is not that you become perfect immediately, but that you continue turning back to Allah whenever you fall short.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Every son of Adam makes mistakes, and the best of those who make mistakes are those who repent." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
Never allow mistakes to make you lose hope in Allah's mercy.
Do I Need to Change My Name?
No.
A person does not have to change their name simply because they become Muslim.
Names only need to be changed if they have a meaning that contradicts Islamic belief, such as names connected with the worship of idols or false gods.
Otherwise, keeping your personal or family name is perfectly acceptable.
Many of the Prophet's companions kept their original names after embracing Islam.
What About My Family and Friends?
Accepting Islam does not mean cutting ties with your family.
Islam teaches kindness, respect, patience, and good character towards parents and relatives, even if they are not Muslims.
Allah says:
"Keep good company with them in this world." (Qur'an 31:15)
Continue showing love, honesty, and respect while remaining faithful to your beliefs.
Often, the best way to introduce others to Islam is through good character.
What Should I Learn First?
It is easy to feel overwhelmed by the amount there is to learn.
Take things one step at a time.
A good place to begin is by learning:
the Five Pillars of Islam;
how to perform the five daily prayers;
how to read and understand the Qur'an;
the life and character of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ;
the basic beliefs and teachings of Islam.
Do not rush. Islam is a lifelong journey of learning and personal growth.
Find Good Company
Surrounding yourself with practising Muslims who are kind, knowledgeable, and balanced can make a tremendous difference.
Good companions encourage you, answer your questions, and support you through the challenges of learning.
Likewise, be careful where you seek knowledge. The internet contains a great deal of beneficial information, but it also contains inaccurate teachings and extreme views that do not represent mainstream Islam.
Whenever possible, learn from authentic Islamic sources, trustworthy scholars, and your local mosque.
Will I Be Accepted by Muslims?
Islam teaches that all believers are equal before Allah.
Race, nationality, language, culture, and background do not determine a person's worth.
Allah says:
"Indeed, the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you." (Qur'an 49:13)
The worldwide Muslim community includes people from every race and culture.
If you ever encounter individuals who are unkind or judgmental, remember that their behaviour represents them—not Islam itself.
Building Your Relationship with Allah
The most important relationship in your life is your relationship with your Creator.
Speak to Allah through your prayers.
Read His words in the Qur'an.
Ask Him for guidance, strength, patience, forgiveness, and steadfastness.
Remember that Allah knows your struggles better than anyone else.
He says:
"Allah does not burden a soul beyond what it can bear." (Qur'an 2:286)
Every sincere effort you make is known to Him, and no good deed goes unnoticed.
A Message to New Muslims
If you have recently accepted Islam—or are thinking about doing so—remember that you are not expected to know everything immediately.
Every scholar, every imam, and every practising Muslim was once a beginner.
Take each day as an opportunity to grow a little closer to Allah.
Be patient with yourself.
Seek knowledge from authentic sources.
Surround yourself with good company.
Ask questions without hesitation.
Most importantly, never lose hope in Allah's mercy.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The religion is ease." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Islam is a journey of faith, learning, and continual growth.
Conclusion
Accepting Islam is not the end of a journey—it is the beginning of a beautiful new chapter in life.
There may be challenges along the way, but there will also be peace, purpose, and hope. Allah promises to guide those who sincerely seek Him, and every step taken towards Him is known and rewarded.
If you have recently embraced Islam—or are considering doing so—remember that you are never alone. Reach out to your local mosque, trustworthy scholars, or a supportive Muslim community. Continue learning at a comfortable pace, place your trust in Allah, and take one step at a time.
Allah says:
"As for those who strive in Our cause, We will surely guide them to Our ways. Indeed, Allah is with those who do good." (Qur'an 29:69)
May Allah guide every sincere seeker, strengthen those who have embraced Islam, increase us all in beneficial knowledge, and keep us steadfast upon the truth.
Ameen.
Continue Your Journey:
If you have recently embraced Islam, we invite you to read our next article, "Your First Steps After Shahadah," which explains what to do after becoming Muslim and how to begin practising Islam step by step.
45. Your First Steps After Shahadah
45. Your First Steps After Shahadah
Introduction
Taking the Shahadah (Declaration of Faith) is the beginning of a beautiful journey—not the end of it. By accepting Islam, you have entered into a direct relationship with Allah (God), and all your previous sins have been forgiven.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Islam wipes away what came before it." (Sahih Muslim)
You begin your new life with a clean slate. While there is much to learn, do not feel overwhelmed. Islam is a religion of mercy, and Allah does not expect you to become perfect overnight. Take each step with sincerity, patience, and trust in Him.
1. Begin with Ghusl (Purification)
After accepting Islam, it is recommended to perform a full-body ritual wash (ghusl) as a symbol of beginning a new life of faith and worship.
If you are unable to do so immediately, do not worry. Your Shahadah has already made you a Muslim, and you can perform ghusl as soon as you are able.
2. Thank Allah for His Guidance
Accepting Islam is one of the greatest blessings a person can receive.
Allah says:
"Whomever Allah guides, none can lead astray." (Qur'an 39:37)
Take time each day to thank Allah for guiding you to Islam and ask Him to keep your heart firm upon the truth.
3. Learn the Daily Prayers
Prayer (Salah) is one of the greatest acts of worship in Islam. It is the second pillar of Islam after the declaration of faith (Shahadah) and the daily connection between a Muslim and Allah.
The five daily prayers become obligatory from the moment a person accepts Islam. However, every new Muslim begins as a learner, and Allah knows your sincerity and effort.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The first matter that a person will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgement is the prayer." (Sunan al-Tirmidhi)
Do not feel overwhelmed if you cannot perform the prayers perfectly straight away. Every Muslim learns step by step, and with patience and practice, prayer soon becomes a natural and beautiful part of daily life.
While you are learning the Arabic words of the prayer, remember that Allah understands every language and rewards every sincere effort you make to worship Him.
To help you begin, we have prepared a simple step-by-step guide explaining how to perform the five daily prayers.
👉 Visit our page How to Pray (Salah)
https://www.iaf.charity/explore-islam/how-to-pray
If possible, we also encourage you to visit your local mosque, where many communities offer prayer classes and support for new Muslims. Learning alongside other Muslims can make your journey easier, strengthen your confidence, and help you grow in your worship.
4. Read the Qur'an Every Day
The Qur'an is Allah's final revelation and your guide throughout life. Reading it regularly will strengthen your faith, increase your knowledge, and help you understand what Allah asks of us.
If you are new to Islam, begin with a reliable English translation while gradually learning to recite the Arabic. Even reading a few verses each day with reflection can bring great benefit.
To help you begin, we have provided a free English translation of the Holy Qur'an and other helpful resources on our website.
👉 Visit our Resources page:
https://www.iaf.charity/explore-islam/resources
Take your time, read with an open heart, and ask Allah to increase you in knowledge and guidance.
5. Learn Gradually
Islam is not meant to be learned in a single day. Begin with the essentials: learn the Five Pillars of Islam, understand the basic beliefs (Iman), read about the life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, learn how to perform your daily worship, and continue asking questions while seeking authentic knowledge.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The most beloved deeds to Allah are those that are consistent, even if they are small." (Sahih al-Bukhari; Sahih Muslim)
Small, consistent steps are better than trying to do everything at once.
6. Learn from Authentic Sources
As you begin learning Islam, try not to become overwhelmed by conflicting opinions on social media or online debates. The internet contains both beneficial knowledge and misinformation.
Build your foundation by reading the Qur'an, learning the authentic teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, attending your local mosque where possible, and seeking knowledge from trustworthy scholars and reliable Islamic resources. A strong foundation will help you grow in confidence and avoid unnecessary confusion.
7. Keep Good Company
Surround yourself with practising Muslims who are kind, patient, and knowledgeable.
A supportive Muslim community can help answer your questions, encourage you, and make your journey easier.
If possible, visit your local mosque and introduce yourself. Most mosques are delighted to welcome new Muslims and provide support, friendship, and guidance.
8. Continue Being Kind to Your Family
Accepting Islam does not mean cutting ties with your family or friends.
Islam teaches Muslims to honour their parents, maintain family relationships, and treat everyone with kindness and respect, even if they follow a different religion.
Allah says:
"Keep good company with them in this world." (Qur'an 31:15)
Your good character may become one of the greatest ways of sharing the beauty of Islam.
9. Be Patient with Yourself
Every Muslim continues learning throughout life.
Do not become discouraged if you make mistakes or find some things difficult. Allah knows your sincerity and rewards every effort you make.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"Every son of Adam makes mistakes, and the best of those who make mistakes are those who repent." (Jami' at-Tirmidhi)
Whenever you fall short, turn back to Allah with sincere repentance and continue moving forward.
10. Make Du'a (Supplication)
Speak to Allah often.
Ask Him to increase your knowledge, strengthen your faith, forgive your shortcomings, and keep you steadfast upon Islam.
Allah is always near and hears every sincere prayer.
He says:
"Call upon Me; I will respond to you." (Qur'an 40:60)
Never think that your prayers are too small or that Allah is too distant to hear you. He knows your struggles, your hopes, and every sincere effort you make.
Your Journey Has Just Begun
Becoming a Muslim is one of the greatest decisions you will ever make. Every prayer you learn, every verse of the Qur'an you read, and every good deed you perform brings you closer to Allah.
Remember that Islam is a lifelong journey of learning, worship, and personal growth. Do not compare yourself with others. Focus on taking steady steps and trust that Allah will guide you along the way.
Conclusion
After taking the Shahadah, your life begins a new and meaningful chapter. You have been blessed with the opportunity to worship Allah, seek His forgiveness, and strive for Paradise.
Take your journey one step at a time, seek knowledge from authentic sources, and never lose hope in Allah's mercy. Every sincere effort you make is known to Him, and He rewards those who seek Him with patience and sincerity.
May Allah strengthen your faith, increase you in knowledge, grant you steadfastness, and make your journey in Islam easy and full of blessings. Ameen.
Continue Your Journey
Your Shahadah is the beginning of a lifelong journey of faith, learning, and drawing closer to Allah. Continue seeking knowledge from authentic sources, ask questions whenever you are unsure, and remember that every step you take towards Allah is rewarded.
Be patient with yourself, remain consistent in your worship, and trust that Allah will guide you as you continue to grow in faith.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The religion is ease." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
May Allah keep you steadfast, increase you in beneficial knowledge, accept your worship, and grant you success in this life and the Hereafter. Ameen.
46. Building Your New Life as a Muslim
46. Building Your New Life as a Muslim
Introduction
Accepting Islam is the beginning of a lifelong journey of faith, learning, and personal growth. Every Muslim—whether born into Islam or embracing it later in life—continues to learn, grow, and strive to become a better servant of Allah.
As a new Muslim, you are not expected to know everything immediately. What matters most is your sincerity, patience, and genuine desire to draw closer to your Creator. Every step you take towards Allah, no matter how small, is known to Him and rewarded.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The most beloved deeds to Allah are those that are consistent, even if they are small." (Sahih al-Bukhari; Sahih Muslim)
Build a Strong Relationship with Allah
The foundation of your new life is your relationship with Allah. Strengthen this relationship by establishing your daily prayers, reading the Qur'an regularly, remembering Allah throughout the day, making du'a (supplication), and frequently seeking His forgiveness.
The closer you draw to Allah, the more peace, purpose, and strength you will find in your life.
Allah says:
"Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest." (Qur'an 13:28)
Continue Seeking Knowledge
Seeking knowledge is a lifelong journey in Islam. Begin by learning the meanings of the Qur'an, studying the life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, understanding the basic teachings of Islam, and developing good character.
Take your time and learn gradually from authentic books, trusted scholars, and reliable Islamic organisations. Avoid becoming overwhelmed by conflicting opinions or debates on social media. Building a strong foundation through authentic knowledge will strengthen your faith and give you confidence in your worship.
Make the Mosque Part of Your Life
Your local mosque can become an important source of friendship, guidance, and support. Many mosques offer classes for new Muslims, Qur'an lessons, prayer guidance, community gatherings, and opportunities to ask questions.
If visiting a mosque for the first time feels unfamiliar, do not worry. Dress modestly, remove your shoes before entering the prayer area, and do not hesitate to ask for help. Most mosques are delighted to welcome new Muslims and will happily guide you.
Being part of a caring Muslim community can make your journey easier, more enjoyable, and spiritually rewarding.
Build Good Character
One of the greatest signs of Islam is good character.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
"The best of you are those who have the best character." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Islam encourages every believer to be honest, kind, patient, humble, forgiving, trustworthy, and respectful towards everyone. Good character reflects the beauty of Islam more powerfully than words alone and is often one of the greatest means of inviting others to learn about the faith.
Be Patient During Challenges
Every Muslim experiences tests and difficulties. As a new Muslim, you may face challenges from family, friends, or society, and you may find some aspects of Islam difficult while you are learning.
Remember that Allah sees every struggle and every sincere effort you make.
Allah says:
"As for those who strive in Our cause, We will surely guide them to Our ways. Indeed, Allah is with those who do good." (Qur'an 29:69)
Alongside making your best efforts, place your trust (tawakkul) in Allah. Take the practical steps you can, then leave the outcome to Him, knowing that He is the Best of Planners and never abandons those who sincerely seek His guidance.
Navigate Relationships with Wisdom
Accepting Islam may also change some of your friendships and social activities. You may find yourself in situations where certain environments or habits no longer reflect the values you wish to live by.
Try not to isolate yourself. Instead, gradually replace unhealthy habits with positive friendships, beneficial activities, and supportive Muslim companions. Continue treating everyone with kindness and respect while politely maintaining the boundaries that your faith requires.
Good character, patience, and wisdom are often the best forms of da'wah (inviting others to Islam).
Keep Improving Step by Step
Islam does not expect perfection overnight. Continue improving yourself gradually by establishing your prayers, increasing your knowledge, reading more of the Qur'an, giving charity whenever you can, developing good habits, and leaving harmful habits one step at a time.
Do not compare yourself with other people. Compare yourself only with the person you were yesterday, and continue striving to improve for the sake of Allah. Small, consistent improvements lead to lasting change.
Never Lose Hope in Allah's Mercy
Every believer makes mistakes. What matters is that we turn back to Allah with sincere repentance and continue striving to do better.
Allah says:
"Say, 'O My servants who have transgressed against themselves, do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful.'" (Qur'an 39:53)
Never lose hope in Allah's mercy. Every new day is an opportunity to renew your faith, seek His forgiveness, and draw closer to Him.
A Lifelong Journey
Islam is not simply a religion—it is a complete way of life that brings purpose, peace, and guidance.
Every prayer you perform, every page of the Qur'an you read, every act of kindness you show, and every sincere effort to obey Allah brings you closer to Him.
Remember that every practising Muslim, no matter how knowledgeable they may seem today, was once a beginner. Continue learning with humility, ask questions whenever you need help, and trust that Allah will continue to guide you as long as you sincerely seek Him.
Conclusion
Building your new life as a Muslim is a journey filled with learning, growth, and countless opportunities to earn Allah's pleasure. Some days will be easier than others, but every sincere step towards Allah is rewarded.
Remain patient, seek authentic knowledge, keep good company, place your trust in Allah, and never lose hope in His mercy. He is always near to those who sincerely turn to Him.
May Allah strengthen your faith, increase you in beneficial knowledge, bless your journey, grant you steadfastness, and make you among the people of Paradise. Ameen.
47. How to Pray (Salah)
47. How to Pray (Salah)
To help you begin, we have prepared a simple step-by-step guide explaining how to perform the five daily prayers.
👉 Visit our page how to Pray (Salah)
https://www.iaf.charity/explore-islam/how-to-pray
Still Have Questions?
If you could not find the answer you were looking for, or you would simply like to learn more about Islam, we would be delighted to hear from you.
At Islam Awareness Foundation (iAF), we are committed to sharing the authentic message of Islam with wisdom, compassion, and respect. Whether you have questions about God, the Qur'an, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, becoming a Muslim, or any other aspect of Islam, we are always happy to help.
You are welcome to contact us through our Contact Us page or speak to us at one of our Street Dawah stalls, where our volunteers will do their best to answer your questions using authentic Islamic sources.
Allah says:
"Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best." (Qur'an 16:125)
We pray that Allah guides every sincere seeker to the truth, increases us all in beneficial knowledge, and grants us wisdom, sincerity, and steadfastness. Ameen.
Disclaimer: The articles on this website are intended for educational purposes. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy by referring to the Qur'an, authentic Sunnah, and recognised Islamic sources. Readers are encouraged to consult qualified scholars for detailed religious guidance. If you notice any unintentional errors or incorrect references, please contact us. We will be happy to review and correct them where necessary in accordance with the Qur'an and authentic Sunnah.
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