PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Physical Science INTRODUCTION AND SYLLABUS COURSE DESCRIPTION
Physical science is a high school level course, which satisfies the Ohio Core science graduation requirements of Ohio Revised Code Section 3313.603. This section of Ohio law requires three units of science. Each course should include inquiry-based laboratory experience that engages students in asking valid scientific questions and gathering and analyzing information. Physical science introduces students to key concepts and theories that provide a foundation for further study in other sciences and advanced science disciplines. Physical science comprises the systematic study of the physical world as it relates to fundamental concepts about matter, energy and motion. A unified understanding of phenomena in physical, living, Earth and space systems is the culmination of all previously learned concepts related to chemistry, physics, and Earth and space science, along with historical perspective and mathematical reasoning.
COURSE CONTENT The following information may be taught in any order; there is no ODE recommended sequence.
PS.M: STUDY OF MATTER
PS.M.1: Classification of matter • Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous • Properties of matter • States of matter and its changes
PS.M.2: Atoms • Models of the atom (components) • Ions (cations and anions) • Isotopes
PS.M.3: Periodic trends of the elements • Periodic law • Representative groups
PS.M.4: Bonding and compounds • Bonding (ionic and covalent) • Nomenclature PS.M.5: Reactions of matter • Chemical reactions • Nuclear reactions
PS.EW: ENERGY AND WAVES
PS.EW.1: Conservation of energy • Quantifying kinetic energy • Quantifying gravitational potential energy
PS.EW.2: Transfer and transformation of energy (including work)
PW.EW.3: Waves • Refraction, reflection, diffraction, absorption, superposition • Radiant energy and the electromagnetic spectrum • Doppler shift
PS.EW.4: Thermal energy
PS.EW.5: Electricity • Movement of electrons • Current • Electric potential (voltage) • Resistors and transfer of energy
PS.FM: FORCES AND MOTION
PS.FM.1: Motion • Introduction to one-dimensional vectors • Displacement, velocity (constant, average and instantaneous) and acceleration • Interpreting position vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs
PS.FM.2: Forces • Force diagrams • Types of forces (gravity, friction, normal, tension) • Field model for forces at a distance
PS.FM.3: Dynamics (how forces affect motion) • Objects at rest • Objects moving with constant velocity • Accelerating objects
PS.U: THE UNIVERSE
PS U.1: History of the universe
PS.U.2: Galaxies
PS.U.3: Stars • Formation: stages of evolution • Fusion in stars
Grade 8 INTRODUCTION TO CONTENT STATEMENTS GRADE BAND THEME: ORDER AND ORGANIZATION This theme focuses on helping students use scientific inquiry to discover patterns, trends, structures and relationships that may be inferred from simple principles. These principles are related to the properties or interactions within and between systems. STRANDS Strand Connections: Systems can be described and understood by analysis of the interaction of their components. Energy, forces and motion combine to change the physical features of Earth. The changes of the physical Earth and the species that have lived on Earth are found in the rock record. For species to continue, reproduction must be successful.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (ESS) Physical Earth This topic focuses on the physical features of Earth and how they formed. This includes the interior of Earth, the rock record, plate tectonics and landforms.
8.ESS.1 The composition and properties of Earth’s interior are identified by the behavior of seismic waves.
8.ESS.2 Earth’s lithosphere consists of major and minor tectonic plates that move relative to each other. 8.ESS.3 A combination of constructive and destructive geologic processes formed Earth’s surface.
8.ESS.4 Evidence of the dynamic changes of Earth’s surface through time is found in the geologic record.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE (PS) Topic: Forces and Motion This topic focuses on forces and motion within, on and around the Earth and within the universe.
8.PS.1 Objects can experience a force due to an external field such as magnetic, electrostatic or gravitational fields.
8.PS.2 Forces can act to change the motion of objects.
LIFE SCIENCE (LS) Topic: Species and Reproduction This topic focuses on continuation of the species.
8.LS.1 Diversity of species, a result of variation of traits, occurs through the process of evolution and extinction over many generations. The fossil records provide evidence that changes have occurred in number and types of species.
8.LS.2 Every organism alive today comes from a long line of ancestors who reproduced successfully every generation.
8.LS.3 The characteristics of an organism are a result of inherited traits received from parent(s)