关键词 • Key terms

每个小组的主题单元设计中都会提及下列教学术语。

The terms below are essential to understanding today’s presentations.

主题 THEME

是每个小组针对其教学单元设计的一个中心议题，其中包括该主题涉及的不同方面、角度。如：健身。

The overarching topic within which each team has targeted real-life tasks, communicative and pragmatic functions, and language forms for their instructional unit. Example: Personal fitness.

子题 SUB-THEME

从主题延伸、发展出的数个相关论题。每个子题反映特定人物、地方和事物与主题的关系，并与现实世界的交际功能、语言使用、真实任务相关。如：健身与身份认同；与健身有关的心理状态；比较健身在中美文化中的相同或不同作用。

Any of several aspects of the theme that represent an application of the theme to specific people, places, and things and associated with sets of real-world communicative tasks. Examples: Personal fitness and personal identity; the psychology of personal fitness; comparing the role of personal fitness in Chinese and American culture.

子话题 SUB-TOPIC

是从子题的任何一个角度进行描述、表达、说明的事件、看法或论点。如：健身和长寿的关系；健身与生活质量；健身与个人信心。

Any of several aspects of a sub-theme on which one might “take sides” or express a particular view and that would represent a typical related topic, utilizing specific communicative functions. Examples: Personal fitness and longevity; personal fitness and quality of life; personal fitness and personal confidence.

分话题 TOPICAL ELEMENT

是构成子话题论点的任何一个元素、侧面或论据。如：分析与身份认同相关的健身选择原因。

Any of several aspects of a sub-topic that constitute elements of, or supporting evidence for, a point of view or stance regarding a sub-topic. Example: Identity-related reasons people do or do not cultivate personal fitness.

真实任务 AUTHENTIC TASK

是一系列具有交际语境、功能的真实活动、事件、经验。例如，生活中的找工作、买东西、艺术创作等。 如：以记者的身份采访并收集有关新婚人士对健身的态度。

A sequence of communicative events that allow the speaker to fulfill functions associated with various life contexts such as professional career, service encounters, artistic creation, etc. Example: In the role of a reporter, conduct a series of interviews to gather information for an article on attitudes to personal fitness among newly married individuals.

任务框架 TASK FRAMEWORK

是从真实任务中提练出、与子题相关的、带有目标交际功能和语言形式的教学活动。如：同学之间根据虚拟的个人资料进行互相采访，了解对方对健身的态度，重点集中在健康对生活质量和个人信心的影响。

An instructional sequence based on targeted communicative functions drawn from an authentic task, but adapted for pedagogical purposes using a controlled catalogue of topically relevant language forms. Example: Each of your classmates has been assigned a fictitious personal profile. Interview one another to identify patterns and trends in individual attitudes toward personal fitness, focusing on impacts on health, quality of life, and confidence.

任务要素 TASK ESSENTIALS

是真实任务和任务框架的语言基本组成部分，包括组块表达、句式、程式等，用来辅助学习者完成相关的交际需求。如：为了采访不同人对健身的态度，需要使用得体、适度的语言形成一系列问题：“在你看来，生活方式对健康有什么影响？” “气功算不算是一种健身运动？为什么？” 等等。

A catalogue of targeted culture knowledge, communicative functions, and language forms (formulaic expressions, communicative patterns and routines, etc.), defined for a specific instructional context, allowing learners to fulfill communicative needs associated with a given task. Example: In order to conduct interviews on attitudes toward personal fitness, one needs to be able to make use of relevant and appropriate language forms to form a series of questions relevant to the task, such as “In your opinion, how does lifestyle impact one’s health?” “Does qigong count as a form of exercise?” etc.