Unit 3: Engineering Design, Drawing & 3D Printing

Spatial Visualization

ISOMETRIC & Orthographic Drawing

Spatial visualization is an essential skill in taking ideas that initially only exist in the mind to something that can be communicated clearly to other people and eventually turned into products, structures and systems.

It is an important skill for professionals within the science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields (particularly engineering).

Engineers use spatial visualization skills whenever three-dimensional concepts, devices and ideas are being discussed.

For example, chemical engineers use spatial visualization when studying three-dimensional molecules, while mechanical engineers use spatial visualization when designing prosthetic limbs that require multiple motors, gears, linkages, bearings and shafts to fit within a single assembly.

youtube.com/shorts/RakNMBlYbJQ?feature=shared

Isometric drawings are used to create a visually appealing representation of an object that shows it from multiple sides.

Orthographic drawings are used to provide accurate and detailed views of an object for technical and engineering purposes.

Both techniques have their place in the design and engineering process, and the choice between them depends on the specific requirements of the project.

Isometric Drawings

Orthographic Drawings

Isometric Drawing:

Isometric drawing is a type of pictorial projection that represents a 3D object in a way that preserves the proportions of the object.
In an isometric drawing, all three dimensions (length, width, and height) are shown in the same scale and at 120-degree angles to each other.
It is a more visually appealing and natural representation of an object because it shows the object from multiple sides simultaneously.
Isometric drawings are often used for initial design sketches, concept drawings, and illustrations because they provide a clear and easily understandable view of the object.
The main drawback of isometric drawings is that they do not accurately depict the object's true dimensions and may not be suitable for precise engineering or manufacturing drawings.

Orthographic Drawing:

Orthographic drawing, also known as orthographic projection, is a method of representing a 3D object using two or more 2D views, typically with one view for each primary axis (front, top, and side views).
Each view in an orthographic drawing is a two-dimensional representation of the object as seen from one direction (e.g., front view, top view, or side view).
Orthographic drawings provide an accurate representation of an object's dimensions, making them essential for engineering, manufacturing, and architecture, where precision is crucial.
The primary advantage of orthographic drawings is their ability to convey precise measurements and details of the object.

Orthographic Projection (basic).ppt

3D PRINTING

MAKING OBJECTS & 3D PRINTING USING TINKERCAD

In this project you will get to explore digital 3D design and 3D printing.

The 3D Printed Keychain for beginners project is a project that everyone will love. This fun project is a fun and simple way to turn an idea on the screen into a custom designed and self-made plastic keychain.

https://www.tinkercad.com

ASSIGNMENT #1 - TINKERCAD KEYCHAIN

TASK: Use TinkerCad to create a 3D printed keychain. Go to the TinkerCad website and sign up using your TVDSB Google account. Follow along with these tutorials here and here.

It must have the following elements

It can't be larger than 70mm x 70mm or 110mm x 30mm
Be a flat design
Have a hole for a key ring, this must have walls at least 5mm thick
Must contain the text "Central Tech" and your name/initials somewhere in the design.
Include one imported element THINGIVERSE

Submit Two files one screenshot (png/jpg) and the exported .STL file to Google Classroom

DOWNLOADS & RESOURCES

1) Assignment Download
2) Student Action Checklist
3) Evaluation Rubric

Keychain How To Video Chamfer and Fillet Corners

>>TINKERCAD WEBSITE <<

Engineering Design

-Engineering design process

-Sketching orthographic and isometric views of objects

-Documenting sketches, notes and ideas in an engineering notebook

-Writing a proposal

-Negotiating and preparing team work contracts

-Preparing a bill of materials

The engineering design process is a series of steps that guides engineering teams as we solve problems. The design process is iterative, meaning that we repeat the steps as many times as needed, making improvements along the way as we learn from failure and uncover new design possibilities to arrive at great solutions.

Ask: Identify the Need & Constraints

Engineers and designers ask critical questions about what they want to create, whether it be a skyscraper, amusement park ride, bicycle or smartphone. These questions include: What is the problem to solve? What do we want to design? Who is it for? What do we want to accomplish? What are the project requirements? What are the limitations? What is our goal?

Research the Problem

This includes talking to people from many different backgrounds and specialties to assist with researching what products or solutions already exist, or what technologies might be adaptable to your needs.

Imagine: Develop Possible Solutions

You work with a team to brainstorm ideas and develop as many solutions as possible. This is the time to encourage wild ideas and defer judgment! Build on the ideas of others! Stay focused on topic, and have one conversation at a time! Remember: good design is all about teamwork!

Plan: Select a Promising Solution

For many teams this is the hardest step! Revisit the needs, constraints and research from the earlier steps, compare your best ideas, select one solution and make a plan to move forward with it.

Create: Build a Prototype

Building a prototype makes your ideas real! These early versions of the design solution help your team verify whether the design meets the original challenge objectives. Push yourself for creativity, imagination and excellence in design.

Test and Evaluate Prototype

Does it work? Does it solve the need? Communicate the results and get feedback. Analyze and talk about what works, what doesn't and what could be improved.

Improve: Redesign as Needed

Discuss how you could improve your solution. Make revisions. Draw new designs. Iterate your design to make your product the best it can be.

And now, REPEAT!

Reverse Engineering Project

Student pairs reverse engineer objects of their choice, learning what it takes to be an engineer. Groups each make a proposal, create a team work contract, use tools to disassemble a device, and sketch and document their full understanding of how it works. They compile what they learned into a manual and write-up that summarizes the object's purpose, bill of materials and operation procedure with orthographic and isometric sketches. Then they apply some of the steps of the engineering design process to come up with ideas for how the product or device could be improved for the benefit of the end user, manufacturer and/or environment. They describe and sketch their ideas for re-imagined designs (no prototyping or testing is done). To conclude, teams compile full reports and then recap their reverse engineering projects and investigation discoveries in brief class presentations.

After this activity, students should be able to:

Write a basic proposal.
Write a team contract and prepare a bill of materials.
Use the reverse engineering process to understand how a device works.
Write a manual that explains how to put together a device.
Apply the engineering design process to improve a device design.
Give a presentation to summarize a long, multi-faceted project.

PROJECT STEPS

Student pairs / groups will reverse engineer objects of their choice, learning what it takes to be an engineer. Each group will create the following as part of this project.

A basic written proposal
Create a team work contract
Using tools students will disassemble a device, and sketch and document their full understanding of how it works.
Compile what they learned into a 10-12 page manual that contains the following information:

P1. Title Page with description that summarizes the object's purpose (Must contain a drawing if your object)

P2. Table of Contents

P3. Objects drawing-