Embedded Systems

Embedded systems are computers that are built within other devices to perform a single specific task within a larger electrical or mechanical system. Embedded computers use usually micro-controller devices, such as the Raspberry Pi or Arduino, and are sometimes known as ‘headless’ – (the device operates without a monitor/mouse/keyboard).

Embedded systems usually come with operating systems pre-installed, often on ROM memory chips, rather than HDD Drives.

Characteristics of embedded systems

Embedded systems are:

• Used to perform a single functions within a larger device.

• Usually low power

• low processor speed devices.

• Limited resources (e.g. RAM)

• Generally do not have a separate Hard Drive but rely solely on Flash Memory.

• Mass produced, low cost per device.

• Smaller than a normal computer.

• Large operating temperature ranges.

• More rugged than general purpose computers.

Smart Homes

Smart homes contain a number of embedded systems.

• Smart Assistants

• Smart Security systems

• Smart Heating

• Smart Tvs

What makes all these devices ‘smart’ is that they:

• Are usually connected to the internet or LAN network.

Embedded Systems Found in Cars

These provide fully connected smart systems to:

• Lock / Unlock the car

• Integrated navigation systems

• Driving monitoring for insurance and monitoring purposes

• Connect smartphones for hands free

Advantages

The embedded devices, together with the internet connected remote apps that work with them allow for a number of useful features, including:

• Defrosting the car in the morning before you get it.

Disadvantages

Embedded devices mean that cars can be hacked remotely, with the possibility of:

• Your car being stolen due to remote unlocking

• Your car being controlled and driven remotely by criminals/terrorists.

• Your lender disabling your car due to non-payment of loans.

Firmware and ROM

Many embedded devices do not contain separate HDD or SSD drive containing the operating system. Instead the operating system is installed on a ROM chip in the form of firmware. Since embedded devices are usually single purpose devices, new software or software updates usually do not need to be installed. This makes embedded systems very reliable.

Activity

1. Download and print out the word search

2. Create an information page/revision flashcard set about embedded systems based on characteristics of an embedded system, what is firmware and ROM, along with examples of embedded systems you can find in your home, car / anywhere else.