Instruction

Please scroll down for instructional strategies and resources for educators.

Phonological Awareness

The ability to recognize and manipulate the sound properties of spoken words, such as syllables, initial sounds, rhyming parts, and phonemes.

--David Kilpatrick (Equipped for Reading Success)

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Phonics

Phonics instruction is a way of teaching reading that stresses the acquisition of letter-sound correspondences and their use in reading and spelling."

-- Reading Rockets

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Fluency

"Fluency is defined as the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression. In order to understand what they read, children must be able to read fluently whether they are reading aloud or silently. When reading aloud, fluent readers read in phrases and add intonation appropriately. Their reading is smooth and has expression."

-- Reading Rockets

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Vocabulary

Vocabulary is the knowledge of words and word meanings. As Steven Stahl (2005) puts it, "Vocabulary knowledge is knowledge; the knowledge of a word not only implies a definition, but also implies how that word fits into the world."

-- Reading Rockets

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Comprehension

"Reading comprehension is the act of understanding what you are reading. While the definition can be simply stated the act is not simple to teach, learn or practice. Reading comprehension is an intentional, active, interactive process that occurs before, during and after a person reads a particular piece of writing."

-- K12 Reader

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Writing

"Writing today is not a frill for the privileged few, but an essential skill for the many."

--Handbook of Language and Literacy

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